Bioassay for the androgenic activity of the X-zone of the adrenal cortex of the castrated adult male mouse was performed by a method in which a pellet was transplanted into the testis of an immature rat. As controls, a rat subjected to sham operation and these administered with pellets of cholesterol, adrenals of intact adult male mice, or androgen (positive control) were used in this study. Weighing and histological examinations were performed. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
The weight data collected from the epididymis, ductus deferens, ventral prostate gland, and seminal vesicle showed no significant differences between the experimental and the control rats, except one used in a preliminary experiment.
In histological observation, the epithelial cells of the ventral prostate gland were higher in the experimental animals than in the control. They were significantly higher even in a rat administered with a pellet weighing 5.6mg than in the control. The highest epithelial cells were found in an animal to which had been transplanted an androgen pellet (pcsitive control). Light areas were observed in the epithelial cells of this gland in all experimental animals, but not in all control animals, except a positive control. Colloid substance was present in the alveolar lumen of the ventral prostate gland in some of the experimental animals, and more abundantly in the positive control than these animals. The alveoli of the gland were larger in diameter in the positive control than in the experimental animals.
In the seminal vesicle there was not so significant a histological difference as in the ventral prostate gland. After the transplantation of X-zone and androgen pellets, the epithelial cells became higher and the folds of the mucosa greater, but no secretion granules for halo-like areas appeared, except in the positive control.
The results of capon comb test on the X-zone were negative.
From these findings, it can be considered that the X-zone secretes androgenic substance, though small in amount.

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On the paraffin sections of the rats' stomach fixed by formalin liquid, the chemical colour reactions for protein and amino acids were employed by using the histochemical methods, and the gastric chief cells were observed.
The reactions for phenol-group and imidazol-group (PAULY diazo-reaction, HANKE-KOESSLER reaction, MILLON reaction, tetrazonium reaction and the reaction followed the ‘blocking’ reactions) are definitely positive, and the reactions for indol-group (COLE aldehyde reaction, ROMIEU reaction) and SH or SS group (PEARSE performic acid-SHIFF reaction) are negative.
Using the positive reactions, the chief cells were observed according to the phases of their secretory activity. The findings are summarized as follows.
Phenol-group (tyrosine) is proved to exist in the upper half region of the chief cells of unfed rats. The phenol-substance decreases and disappears as the secretory granules are produced in the same region in the cells after administration of food. Imidazol-group (histidine) is proved to exist in the secretory granules produced in the cells. The secretory vacuoles which are the secretory granules which have undergone a change are colourless by the reaction for both phenol-group and imidazolgroup.
The subcutaneous injection of histamine brings about the vigorous production of secretory granules in the chief cells of unfed rats. The activity is marked during 1hr. after the injection. At this period, no decrease and no disappearance of the phenol-substance in the upper half of the chief cells can be seen, and the imidazol-substance (secretory granules) is produced in the region where the phenol-substance still exists.

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In the thorax wall of the 8th month human embryo, corpuscular terminations have been found in a great number, not only in the periosteum of the ribbs and the sternum, but also in the perichondrium of the costal cartilages. They were mostly the GOLGI-MAZZONI's bodies, PACINIan bodies being found in a very small number.
PACINIan bodies are mostly of small size and divided into 2 types-the one contains a thin and slender inner bulb provided with an unbranched sensory termination, while the other has a broad and swollen one innervated by a simple branched termination.
GOLGI-MAZZONI's corpuscles are of cylindrical form of 100-250μ in length and 40-80μ in breadth. The small-sized bodies are usually found im contact with the periosteum or the perichondrium, the large-sized ones being in the connective tissue around them as well as in the muscle tissue itself in common. They are also divided into 2 types. In the Type I, in a narrow inner bulb coverd by a broad transparent layer is formed an unbranched termination, while in the Type II, in a broader and swollen inner bulb is found a simple branched termination.
2-4 groups of small-sized GOLGI-MAZZONI's corpuscles are rather frequently found to exist in contact with the perichondrium or the periosteum of the thorax wall. The sensory fibres entering into the individual bodies are finer fibres mostly derived from separate sensory fibres respectively and ending in a simple branched termination.
Besides, free simple branched terminations probably concerned with the pain sensation are found along the periosteum and the perichondrium of the thorax wall, though in a comparatively small number. They give the impression of being far more powerful than similar terminations found in other parts of the body.
In the intercostal muscles in this embryonic stage, tendon spindles are found in a very large number, on the contrary, muscle spindles scarcely found. The development of the branched sensory termination in the central nuclear aggregation is also very considerable. 2 tendon spindles innervated by the same stem sensory fibre are not rarely found-a matter of high interest.

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Bei sämtlich 22 Spezies von Vögel (insgesammt 37 Exemplaren), die hauptsächlich von Dezember bis März angesammelt wurden, wurde die Leber histologisch und cytologisch studiert. Die Leberstücke wurden im lebendfrischen Zustand mit dem LEVIschen Osmiumgemisch und ZENKER-Formol fixiert, in 4μ dicke Paraffinschnitte zerlegt. Die Färbung geschah mit Azan, HEIDENHAIN's Eisenhämatoxylin und Hämatoxylin-Eosin, für den Nachweis von Glykogen und PAS-positiven Substanz wurde Perjodsäure-SCHIFF-Reaktion appliziert. Die folgenden Ergebnisse wurden gewonnen.
1. Bei Vögeln ist die Leber im allgemeinen arm an interlobulärem Bindegewebe, so ist die Grenze dar einzelnen Leberläppchen, wie bei den meisten Säugern, kaum auffindbar; in den verstreut vorkommenden interlobulären Bindegeweben oder den sogenannten GLISSONschen Scheiden findet man V. interlobularis, A. interlobularis und Ductulus interlobularis (Gallengang) nebeneinander. Die V. centralis im Centrum des Leberläppchens ist öfters kaum zu erkennen, die von V. centralis nach der Peripherie des Läppchens ausstrahlende radiäre Anordnung der Leberzellenstränge läßt sich bei Vögeln gewöhnlich nicht feststellen. Die Sinusoide sind bei Vogellebern im allgemeinen eng, die Gitterfasern der Sinusoidwand sind schlecht entwickelt.
2. Die histologische Struktur der sog. Leberzellenstränge oder -balken, die miteinander anastomosierend ein Netzwerk darstellen, ist bei Vögeln in zwei Typen eingeteilt: bei vielen Vögeln stimmen die Leberzellenbalken strukturell mit den Endstücken der tubulösen Drüse überein (sog.‘hepatic cylinder’); so bestehen sie in ihren Längsschnitten aus in zwei Reihen angeordneten Leberzellen, und in ihren Querschnitten aus vier oder fünf Leberzellen, die um eine feine Gallenkapillare herum einschichtig radiär angeordnet sind. Dieser Typ wind bei Corvus corone, Eophona personata, Cinclus pallasii, Strix uralensis, Asio flammeus, Phasianus versicolor, Accipiter nisus u. a. gefunden. Bei einem anderen Typ zeigen die Leber zellenbalken etwa die gleiche Struktur wie die sog. 'hepatic plate' (Lamina hepatis) nach ELIAS, so bestehen die Leberzellenbalken aus einreihig oder zweireihig angeordneten Leberzellen (‘one-cell-thick plate’und‘two-cells-thick plate’) und in verschiedenen Stellen bilden sie Leberzellenmassen, während Querschnitte, die die gleiche Struktur wie bei den‘hepatic cylinder’zeigen, niemals angetroffen werden. Dieser Typ wird bei Spodiopsar cineracea, Emberiza cioides, Alauda arvensis, Motacilla cinerea, Zosterops palpebrosa, Parus major, Parus varius, Lanius bucephalus, Phoenicurus auroreus, Horeites cantans, Tarsiger cyanura u. a. gefunden. Diese zwei Typen kommen in der Regel selbständig und nie in einem Vogel gleichzeitig vor.
3. Bei Vögeln kommen zweikernige Leberzellen kaum vor. Die Mitochondrien der Leberzellen sind bei vielen Vögeln zum größten Teil mehr oder weniger grob granulär, darin findet man aber stäbchenförmige in wechselnder Zahl. Bei Alauda arvensis, Motacilla cinerea und Lanius bucephalus besteht das Chondriom der Leberzellen ausschließlich aus grob granulären Mitochondrien.
4. In Leberzellen der Vögel kommen nicht nur das Glykogen sondern auch Fettropfen als physiologische, paraplasmatische Einschlüsse vor, ihre Menge unterliegt wahrscheinlich aber der jahreszeitlichen und individuellen Schwankung. Solche Fettropfen, die durch Osmiumsäure nur schwach geschwärzt werden oder in mit Osmiumgemisch fixierten Paraffinschnitten zum Teil aufgelöst und vakuolisiert erscheinen

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DESCEMET's membrane formation was electronmicroscopically studied in the developing chick cornea, and at the same time some histochemical observations could be made.
1. The DESCEMET's membrane begins to form on 7th day of incubation, and it appears in the electron microscope as an arrangement of microfibrils of about 8mμ which tends to be bundle, and between the individual fibrils structureless material of moderate electron density is observed.
2. In the following stage of the development (on 9th day), ribosomes increases remarkably in number in the cytoplasm of the endothelium, and the DESCEMET's membrane grows up to the thickness of about 350mμ, which is recognized scarcely under the light microscope as a very thin thread like featur of PAS positive.
3. On 12th day, DESCEMET's membrane shows the finely stippled appearance, which consists of dense granules and amorphous material which fills its interstieces. Endoplasmic reticula in the endothelium cells dilate to the form of cisternae. Metachromasia appears from this stage on at the subendothelial thin layer of the stroma in the non-sulfated preparations.
4. Non-specific alkaline phosphatase activity is demonstrated on the cell membrane of the endothelium by GOMORI's and MÖLBERT's method from 12th day on. Under the electron microscope, lead phosphate precipitate is observed on the lateral and basal cell membrane as well as on the endoplasmic reticula of the endothelium cells. The activity of the alkaline phosphatase is most intense on 15th day during the DESCEMET's membrane formation.
5. On the last day of the embryonal development, the thickness of the DESCEMET's membrane is about 450mμ, and it seems to consist of nodules of about 15mμ and less electron dense amorphous matrix. Nodular structure seems to be connected by fine filament of about 5mμ.

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