健康成熟二十日鼠の骨髄と血液の塗布を未だ乾かぬうちにホルマリン蒸気で固定し, 遊離した類脂質を染めるに最適のアルコール溶性色素であるビクトリア青で染色し, 巨核球と血小板を観察した. 巨核球にはビクトリア青でややよく染る狭い縁帯かある. 巨核球のこの縁帯の部分から分離した直後の血小板は巨核球の縁帯よりも濃く均等に染り, 流血中の血小板はそれよりもなおよく染るようになる. 流血中の血小板には粒子体が強く染る. ビクトリア青によく染る縁帯を持たない巨核球は血小板を作らない. 血小板ができるときには, それに含まれる類脂質が脱仮面せられるものと推せられる. 赤血球が巨核球に接触すれば, 赤血球の辺縁がビクトリア青にややよく染るようになる.

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類脂質に溶けない酸性染料なるトリパン青は二十日鼠の鼻腔の繊毛上皮細胞の頂縁からは入り難く, 細胞の間隙を通つて入り, 基底膜に進み, それを通過して上皮下に達した. もしトリパン青にヒアルロニダーゼか重曹とピロカルピンを加えておけば, その半分か又はそれより短い時間で繊毛柱形上皮下に進む. 咽頭では耳管壁, 口峡リンパ小節の上, 咽頭口部の腺の導管壁, 喉頭蓋の上皮が比較的トリパン青を通し易く, 舌背や軟口蓋の強い重層扁平上皮はそれを通さない.

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The author has previously demonstrated that the functional movements of peptic and parietal cells were characteristic according to the temperature of food which were kept at 5°C, 37°C or 55°C, in other words the secretion of gastric juice were different in each case.
Food, though its temperature may be different, will become the same in the stomach soon after its administration, however the functional characterisity of the cells, according to the difference of food-temperature, can be recognized even at the 6th hour after its administration. Therefore, it is hardly considerable that these results are owing to the stimulation by food-temperature on the peripheral ends of the sympathetic nerves.
The author considered productin of FUJIE, which was secreted from surface cells of the gastric mucosa. The author then observed productin-vacuoles in that cells and obtained following results: 1. The movements of productin-vacuoles are clearly different according to the temperature of food administered, therefore, it is considered that the quantity of secreted productin is different in each case; 2. When productin-vacuoles are few in the surface cell, production of secretory substance is remarkable in the gastric gland cells, and when productin-vacuoles are many, the discharge is marked.
The theory that productin promotes haematogenously the production in peptic and parietal cells, then stimulates the discharge when it is splitted, is greatly a coincident with the author's results. Therefore, the fact that peptic and parietal cells show characteristic movements according to the difference of food-temperature, is explainable with the difference of amount of productin secreted without any inconsistencies. Here the author believes, it must be one of the best explanations to consider that the characterisity of functional movement of the gastric gland cells, obtained in the previous research, is due to productin.

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Der Verfasser hat bei den durch stark beschränkte Fütterung (täglich etwa, 50 Kalorien) 10 und 29 Tage lang im Hunger gehaltenen Kaninchen die Lebern histologisch und cytologisch untersucht, um hauptsächlich die Varänderungen an den Fettspeicherungszellen zu erforschen. Die wichtigen Ergebnisse werden im folgenden angegeben.
1. Eine auffallende Abnahme des Körper- und Lebergewichtes wurden bemerkt (Tabelle 1). Die Stauung der Blutgefässe der Leber, die hochgradige Atrophie der Leberzellen und die dadurch erfolgte Erweiterung der Blutkapillaren (Sinusoid) sowie Gallenkapillaren kamen zustande. Die Ablagerung der Hämosideringranula in Leberzellen war bei den 29 Tage lang in Hunger gehaltenen Exemplaren deutlich.
2. Die Mitochondrien der Leberzellen zeigten deutliche morphologische Veränderungen, so daß man die normalen Mitochondrien kaum mehr vorfinden konnte: sie stellten sich zum größten Teil in der Granulaform dar, und fielen der Aufquellung und Vakuolisierung anheim, so daß das Cytoplasma der meisten Leberzellen ausschließlich durch die zahlreichen groben Granula und Vakuolen ausgefüllt war.
3. Die KUPFFERschen Sternnzellen zeigten im allgemeinen Hypertrophie und beträchtliche Hämosiderinablagerung. Die Verfettung der Leberzellen und der Sternzellen wurden nicht wahrgenommen. Der Glykogengehalt der Leberzellen reduzierte sich auf null, während das Glykogen der Leukozyten nicht verschwand.
4. Der Fettgehalt der Fettspeicherungszellen sank deutlich herab, indem Größe und Zahl der in betreffenden Zellen aufbewahrten Fettröpfchen sich auffallend reduzierten. Aber ein völliges Erlöschen der Fettröpfchen dieser Zellen kam niemals zustande. Das Glykogen wurde in diesen Zellen nicht mehr nachgewiesen. Im Gegensatz zu Leberzellen und Sternzellen wurden die Hämosideringranula in Fettspeicherungszellen nicht gefunden, die Vakuolisierung und Anschwellung der Fettspeicherungszellen wurden nicht selten beobachtet.
5. Die Gitterfasern der Kapillarenwand zeigten die Neigung zur Zerreissung; besonders verschwanden oft die zwischen den Leberzellen und den Fettspeicherungszellen nachweisbaren Gitterfaern. Von dieser Veränderung der Gitterfasern läßt sich der merkwürdige Befund erklären, daß die Fettspeicherungszellen oft in die Leberzellen, unter Umständen sogar in die Nähe des Kerns hineindringen.

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二十日鼠の腹部皮下にコルチゾンを注射してのち, 背部の皮下結織の細胞を観察し, また死鼠チフス菌静注の前または後にコルチゾンを注射して, コルチゾンの結織細胞の変化に及ぼす影響をヘマテインラック染色法により観察した. 即ちコルチゾンのみを注射せられた健常動物の結織細胞, 特に線維細胞は萎縮する. 詳しく云うと, 線維細胞の突起が細くなり, 胞体が小さくなり, それ等の輪廓が明らかになり, 核は濃染するようになる. 死鼠チフス菌の静注により線維細胞に剌戟賦活されるが, コルチゾンを与えれば, それを著しく無感覚にすることができる.

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アルコール溶性染料のビクトリア青をワゼリン, 親水ワゼリン, 親水軟膏, カーボワックスに, また脂溶性染料のシャールラッハ赤を豚脂に2%に混じた軟膏を短く剪毛した家兎背部の皮膚面に塗って, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12時間後にその皮膚片を切り出し, 直ちに皮膚表面に概ね垂直の約30μの氷結切片を作り, これを載せガラスの上で速かに乾燥した. ビクトリア青標本はキシロールに暫次浸漬したのちチエーデル油に, またシャールラッハ赤標本直ちにグリモリンに封入した.
ビクトリア青とシャールラッハ赤は共に皮内に入り, 皮膚の外表面からよりも毛包から入り易い. ビクトリア青を毛包から皮内に運び易い基剤の順は, 親水軟膏>親水ワゼリン>ワゼリン>カーボワックスである.
豚脂を溶剤とするシャールラッハ赤は上記の基剤に溶されたビクトリア青よりもよく皮内に進入し, 易く脂腺と結合組織内へ移行する. 表皮の表層と毛包の入口附近はビクトリア青とシャールラッハ赤によく染るが, これは類脂質と脂肪に富むからである.

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二十日鼠の皮下に加熱して殺した大腸菌の浮游液を注射して, そこの皮下結織を取り, 大腸菌を胞食した線組球と思える細胞を電子鏡検し, 菌と空胞の関係について観察した. 菌が胞形質に取り入れられると, 先ず菌の周りに直径0.2μ以下の小空胞 (屡ば長味を持つ) が少数現れ, 時間の経過とともに空胞は数と大さを増し, 互いに接近して融合し, 同時に菌が変化する. 胞食後かなり時を経て形態の変化が著しい菌の周りの空胞は大きく融合する. 但し近傍に既存する空胞が菌に向い移動することもあり得る. 胞食された桿状の大腸菌は幅を増し, 紡錘形や卵形になり, 同時に菌体の内部が疎化して電子線をよく通すようになる. 菌の表層の消化は内部よりも遅れる.

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家兎の膀胱内に10種の化学品と薬品の溶液を注入し, 2時間後の粘膜の結織細胞の変化を主に鉄ヘマテインラックで染めた切片で観察した.
トリパン青は上皮細胞に取られ, また粘膜を通って上皮下の組織球に取られて蓄積せられる. 膀胱粘膜の結織細胞の変化は種々で, その強さの順に列記すると. 1%ヘキサメチレンテトラミン, 0.1%リバノール, 0.1%硝酸銀0.5%プロテイン銀, 2%ペニシリン, 6.6%ストレプトマイシン, 1%ザロール, 2%硼酸0.1%過マンガン酸カリ, 0.5%トリパン青.
剌戟の最も強いヘキサメチレンテトラミンの場合には細網細胞と線維細胞から単球と組織球へのあらゆる移行形と組織球と単球が多く, なお血管から多くの偽好酸球が遊出する. 銀剤とリバノールでは強く単球が増し, 組織球や線組球も多いが, 偽好酸球は少い. ペニシリンとストレプトマイシンでは単球が増すが, 偽好酸性球は殆んど見られない. ザロール, 硼酸, 過マンガン酸カリ, トリパン青の剌戟は弱い. なおザロールが僅かながら上皮細胞の微視下構造を疎化することが見られた.

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Cell nuclei of YOSHIDA's ascites sarcoma were studied by MAKINO and many others. But karyological studies on hepatoma produced by butter yellow were undertaken by AMANO (1940) and TYUMA (1948). Concerning nucleus morphology during tumor development is, however, still much unknown.
After a month administration of butter yellow, abnormalities in nuclear division took place, and they were demonstrable at the end of 4th to 7th month. The abnormal figures are heteroploidy of chromosomes, ir-arrangement on the equatorial plate, chromosomal confusion, spherization of chromosomes, bridge formation of chromosomes, non-disjunction of chromosmes, multipolar division and amitosis, which take place before the formation of the tumor. The ratio of number of abnormal mitosis to the normal one is lower than 1 from the beginning to the end of 3rd month, then after the 4th month it rises over 1 till the time of tumor formation, so that the precarcinoma period can be divided into 2 stages. These facts suggest to us that the ratio can be a sign of precarcinoma period. In the abnormal divisions induced by butter yellow no such peculiar karyoutypes were seen in all stages of the precarcinoma, as were found in many kinds of ascites sarcoma cells.

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During the development of hepatoma produced by butter yellow are found cells with large and small nuclei showing abnormal nuclear divisions. The changes of nucleus volume in the center, middle and periphery part of the liver lobule were observed.
The liver cell nuclei reduce their volume throughout the lobule after 2 months administration of butter yellow, the volume then increased in the 3rd month and after that time it decreases again. The volume of the nucleus is largest in the cells which are in the center of the labule but they decrease their size in the cell as they go toward the periphery. After the third month the order goes the other way.
From these facts it can be said that changes of nucleus volume take place during the development of hepatoma before an abnormal nuclear division takes place, the ratio between the numbers of abnormal and normal divisions rises over 1 after the 4th month.

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V-form chromosomes were studied by YOSIDA in EHRLICH's. ascites carcinoma, but reports on abnormal nuclear divisions in that carcinoma are not yet given. In the present research were found, confusion and bridgeformation of chromosomes, heteroploidy, heteroseparation, irarrangement on the equatorial plate, non-disjunction of chromosomes, tripolar divisions, scattered chromosomes and spherization of chromosomes as in the case of hepatoma which was produced by butter yellow. The number of abnormal divisions shows three maximums on 2nd, 8th and 13th day. The ratio of the number of abnormal divisions to normal ones is smaller than 1 from the beginning to the 7th day, then it arises over 1 after the 8th day and here-after. The abnormal nuclear divisions seem to be due to the changes of chromosomal substance rather than to the changes of spindle fibers, which differs from the case of hepatoma produced by butter yellow. Cells with V-form chromosomes found in EHRLICH's ascites carcinoma, may be the maternal cells of the carcinoma as MAKINO, YOSHIDA etc. suggested, but the abnormal nuclear divisions is indispensable during the development of carcinoma. The rising of the ratio above 1 can be regarded as a standard of developing of the cartinoma.

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The R. N. A. (ribonucleic acids) of cytoplasm and nucleoni of tumor cells in the liver produced by butter yellow and of EHRLICH's carcinoma cells were investigated.
The materials were fixed in alkohol or CARNOY's solution, and the sections were stained with pyronin-methylgreen, FEULGEN's method and HEIDENHAIN's iron hematoxylin.
The cytoplasmic R. N. A. was classified into 3 groups: mass, net and spread forms. From the point concerning appearance and distribution of R. N. A. in the cytoplasm it was classified also into 3 groups: equable, perinucleal and circumferent ones.
The R. N. A. has a tendency to become gross masses during an administration of. D. A. B., while perinucleal forms increase, surpassing the equable forms after 150 days.
On the other hand, some abnormal forms of nucleoli concerning the R. N. A. were noticed and classified broadly into 4 forms. Three forms, except the irregular ones were seen after the 40th day of administeration, getting bigger day by day. Enlarged and increased nucleoli as well as vacuolated ones appear from the 60th day. The nucleoli appeared degenerated from the 90th day. But irregular forms were found not before the 120th day. The changes of R. N. A. in Liver cells during the administration of D. A. B. are evident in the nucleoli, which is even more evident than in cytoplasm.
Furthermore, the R. N. A. in EHRLICH's ascites cancer cells were investigated. It is dissolving equably in the cytoplasm of most of the cells. In the nucleoli R. N. A. increases and becomes into irregular forms. It has a tendency to make droplets. Nucleal divisions increase in number.
The mitochondria are fine granular and relatively few. In EHRLICH's ascites cancer cells lively protein metabolism must take place, especially in their nucleoli.

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家兎と犬の腰髄切片にアツァン染色, 瀬戸等の銀染色, 森田のビクトリア青染色を施して観察した. アツァン染色の結果から推定せられる Nissl 氏灰白の微視下構密度は, Roland 氏膠様質>後角, 脊側核, 前後角の中間部, 前角の中央部と内側部>網様質, 前角の外側部>中心膠様質の順序である. 即ちその順に神経成分が神膠成分に比して少い. 中心管の周囲の甚だ疎構な中心膠様質は類脂質を染めるビクトリア青に濃染する. 中心膠様質には少くも銀染色で現されるほどの神経線維網は存在しない. 中心膠様質が著しく疎構で且つ類脂質に富むのは, 銀染法では現されない極く微細の神経線維に富むたあか, 又は神膠成分がまだ分化せず, 疎構で且つ類脂質に富むためであるか, まだ判らない.

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