Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether or not there are cases in which it is difficult to confirm the will of persons with dementia or other such conditions，and to investigate measures to prevent disadvantage to persons who cannot confirm their will when they are vaccinated against COVID-19. Methods: The 610 facilities located in the prefectural capitals of six prefectures in the Tohoku region were included in the survey. Results: The difficulty of obtaining consent from individuals has created difficulties in institutions. As a result， there are people who could not be vaccinated. Conclusion: Based on the difficulties encountered in obtaining consent at each facility，we believe that more thoughtful measures should be taken at the time of vaccination. A legislative solution should also be considered for a more drastic solution.

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This paper aims to collect the records of the Minmaya Pear ── which is now extinct, but ap-pears on various kinds of records ── available and to make its historical presence. As a result, it was made the following summary: Minmaya pear was a specialty fruit of the Tsugaru region during the Edo period, but it was no longer cultivated after the Meiji period. Around the Genroku period, a tree that had sprouted at Araya-Kanbei's house in Minmaya Village was grown and produced delicious pear fruit, so the Hirosaki clan came to manage it. When the harvest season came, the fruit status was reported and officials came and harvested the fruit. At first, this tree was only cultivated in Minmaya, but through grafting, the number and location of cultivation in-creased, and it became widely planted within the domain. The fruit is large and sweet, and is thought to be a type of Chinese pear based on its shape. Minmaya pears were so prized that they were sent to Edo and presented to executives and officials of the shogunate, but as apple cultivation became popular in the Tsugaru region in the Meiji period, they disappeared.

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The Hokuriku Shinkansen will open in March 2024 on a section between Kanazawa City, Ishikawa Prefecture and Tsuruga City, Fukui Prefecture. A mail survey of 1,200 Tsuruga residents was conducted six months prior to the opening of the Shinkansen. Although the response rate was only 20%, the survey revealed that nearly 80% of the citizens welcome the opening of the Shinkansen, and that they have high expectations for the promotion of tourism, development of the area around the station, and improved access to and from Tokyo, Ishikawa, and Toyama prefectures. On the other hand, many respondents view the local tourist attractions and the attractiveness of the central city area as limited, making it an issue to be addressed in the future. There is also a strong concern that the opening of the Shinkansen will weaken ties between Fukui Prefecture and the Kansai and Chukyo regions, as the limited express train service linking Fukui Prefecture with both regions will be shortened to Tsuruga and southward.

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This paper aimed to assess the mental health status of middle and high school student athletes, using longitudinal data from the National Institution For Youth Education (2024) with 898 par-ticipants (Mage = 15.3 years, SDage = 1.6 years; 737 boys, 151 girls, and 10 other/unknown). Results revealed that over 20% of the participants experienced mental health problems at each meas-urement point. Latent profile analysis identified five distinct mental health change patterns: (1) a significant decrease followed by a gradual increase (Profile 1), (2) a gradual decrease over time (Profile 2), (3) a substantial increase followed by a gradual increase (Profile 3), (4) a notable de-crease followed by a significant increase (Profile 4), and (5) a generally stable over time (Profile 5). Furthermore, findings suggested that individuals participating in individual sports tended to align with Profile 1 or 2 compared to Profile 5, while non-male athletes leaned toward Profile 4 over Profile 5.

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"Young Forum 2023" was held in November 2023 in the "Special Career Practice" course at Aomori University. Organized by the Aomori Prefectural Election Administration Committee, the event was to consider how to understand the low voter turnout among young people and what countermeasures to take. The results of two months of classroom dialogue and research by students were reported. The results of interviews with Aomori prefectural assembly members revealed that they, too, view low voter turnout as a problem, and that they see hope in expanding experiential sovereignty education and utilizing the Internet. The results of the student survey also confirmed that one out of three students has never voted, and that there is a strong desire for online voting and measures for young people. While many students are unable to vote because they have not moved their residency, many students are unaware that there is a system that allows them to at-tend the coming-of-age ceremony in their hometown even if they have moved their residency, providing suggestions for future measures.

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Field-Tourism is one model of community-based tourism that takes advantage of Aomori Prefecture's natural and cultural resources. Aomori University has been involved in human re-source development and education since 2022. To clarify the positioning of Field-Tourism, this paper reconfirms the historical transition of international tourism studies and reports on three representative classes. Students who study these courses must develop the sensitivity and ability to delve deeply into local attractions and disseminate them.

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