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Volume 41, Issue 1
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Riichi KUSUDA, Kenichi MURAKAMI, Syunichiro OHSHIMA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom February to March in 1991, mortalities occurred in coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutchcultured with deep sea water at Kochi Deep Sea Water Laboratory. A vibrio shaped bacterium has been isolated from the nephritic tissues of the diseased fish. The isolate was Gram-negative, nonspore-forming straight or curved short rod with single polar flagellum. Cytochrome oxidase and catalase production were positive. The isolate fermented glucose without producing any gas. The molar percentage G + C of the isolate's DNA was 48.1 % . From the characteristics, it is considered that the isolate belongs to the genus Vibrio. The biological and biochemical characteristics of the isolate were compared with previously described named and unnamed pathogenic vibrios and found to be identical with theVibriosp. isolated in 1977 from red sea bream, Pagrus major.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K) -
Shigehisa YAMASAKI, Hachiro HIRATA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 7-11
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn ecosystem culture with a consumer-producer relationship based on the cycle of substances in the natural ecosystem was constructed, in order to observe the effect on water quality maintenance and saving input food matter. The rotifer, Brachionus plicatiliswas used as a consumer. Phytoplankton (Nannochloropsissp. for experiment 1 andTetraselmis tetrathelefor experiment 2), available to the rotifer, were used as producers. Waste in the rotifer culture medium and an extract from decomposed biodeposits were used to culture the phytoplanktons. The amount of recycled phytoplankton contributed up to 30 % of the total food supply, which consisted of input food and the recycled phytoplankton. Hence, specific food conversion efficiency, calculated from input food, was about 1.5 times more than the food conversion efficiency, calculated from total supply of input food and the recycled phytoplankton. Water quality of the rotifer culture medium was better maintained in the ecosystem culture than in the routine culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (538K) -
Shigenobu OKUMURA, Kenji SAKAE1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpawning experiments were undertaken in order to compare efficacy of LHRH-a, des-Gly10 [D-Ala6] -Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Ethylamide, cholesterol pellet to injection of HCG, Human Chorionic Gonadotropin, and salmon pituitary mixture on ovarian maturation andspawning in roundnose flounder, Eopsetta grigorjewi from January 24 to February 14 1992. Tenfemales and twenty males were prepared for each experimental group. Mean body weight of fish were 256 g in female and 163 g in male. Group A was treated with three weekly injections of HCG and salmon pituitary. The dosages of hormone mixture were 50IU and 1 mg per kg body weight. Group B was implanted with cholesterol pellet containing 20μg LHRH-a at the start of theexperiment. No hormonal treatment was treated in group C. Number of fertilized eggs from group A and B were 355, 000 and 453, 000. Fertilization ratio of A and B were 60.1% and 81.9%. No egg was obtained from group C. There were three peaks of spawning followed by each injection of hormone mixture (group A), but the production of fertilized eggs was not constant. However thefish in group B produced a stable fertilized eggs for a long time of experimental period. From these results, LHRH-a cholesterol pellet implantation is effective for inducing ovarian maturationand spawning when compared to combination injection of HCG and salmon pituitary in roundnose flounder.View full abstractDownload PDF (2548K) -
Haruo HONDA, Yoshitomo WATANABE, Kohtaroh KIKUCHI, Nakahiro IWATA, Sig ...1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRearing experiment of Japanese flounder was carried out under high density condition using a 2.25 m3of closed seawater recirculation system equipped with a denitrification unit. After 10 months of rearing, fish grew to 501 g of mean body weight (initial: 9g) . The total fish weight in the system became 97.6 kg, and the density per unit water volume in the system reached 43.4 kg/m3. Total amount of seawater used was 2.91 m3, then the product per unit volume of seawater used was 33.5 kg/m3. The aerobic filter of the system operated satisfactorily and both ammonia and nitrite concentrations of rearing water were maintained at less than 1 mg-N/l almost through the experimental period. The denitrification unit worked efficiently and nitrate concentration decreased from 314.6 mg-N/lto 51.9 mg-N/lduaring the experimental period. These results demonstrate that intensive culture of Japanese flounder under high density condition without wasteful use of seawater for rearing is possible by using the closed seawater recirculation system equipped with the denitrification unit.View full abstractDownload PDF (609K) -
Kazuhiro SAKATA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 27-33
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPopulation density in relation to the river-bed form was studied for Oncorhynchus masou masou in mountain streams of the Kuma River, Kyushu. In pool-heads, focal points of individuals were situated in the bottom layer where the water current was slower than the surface layer. Significant correlation was found between population density and rates of the area where rapids and pools alternately emerged (Rate of Aa type) . Rate of the Aa type was closely related with the gradient of river-bed and the flow rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
Shi DONG, Nobuhiko TANIGUCHI1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 35-43
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAutotriploid and allotriploid fish were produced to evaluate the effects of triploidy on qualitative and quantitative traits using common carp, Cyprinus carpioand two crucian carps, Carassius buergeriandC. carassius.
Six ploidy groups, Yamato-3n, Yamato-2n, Yamakin-3n, Yamakin-2n, Yamayo-3n, and Yamayo-2n could be identified by the specific patterns of GPI-3 allozyme at the 3 months age.
The triploids were mixed with their control diploids respectively 12 days after hatching to raise them under the same environmental conditions through the 15 months experimental periods.
No significant difference was found between diploids and triploids in the average values of proportional and countable morphological traits.
The autotriploids were significantly lower than the control diploids in the average values of body weight and fork length at 15 months age. On the other hand, the growth and survival rates of allotriploids were significantly higher than those of the allodiploids at 15 months age.View full abstractDownload PDF (827K) -
Osamu ISHIDA, Yukimitu SAKAMOTO, Hiroyoshi TAKAHASHI1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 45-48
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpawning induction of the turbos, Batillus cornutuswas examined. Turbos of 79 mm in shell length on average from Chikura or Shirahama sea, and turbos of 72 mm in shell length on average from Oohara sea were used.
Each materials were kept in aquaria at a natural or lower temperature (18.1-19.2°C) for 1-2 months till spawning induction.
Spawning was induced by treating them with UV-irradiated seawater or with temperature-increased seawater (up to 25°C) .
A high spawning response was obtained in turbos from Oohara sea by simultaneous treatment of both UV-irrdiated and temperature-increased seawater.View full abstractDownload PDF (448K) -
Chumlong ARUNLERTAREE, Hiroshi KAWATSU1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 49-54
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPathological effects of single and continuous oral administrations of paraquat to the common carp, Cyprinus carpiowere investigated. A single administration of 1, 000 mg/kg of paraquat induced no mortality. Continuous administration of 500 mg/kg of paraquat for 10 days brought 50 % mortality, and 250 mg/kg for 5 weeks brought 17% mortality. Administration of 50 mg/kg of paraquat for 11 weeks produced no mortality. Moribund fish lost equilibrium and developed abdominal swelling and exophthalmos in all dosages. The most significant histological alterations occurred in the kidney. Renal tubule epithelium showed hydropic and vacuolar degeneration and necrosis. Lamellar edema and hypertrophy of lamellar epithelial cells were also observed in half of the fish that had renal tubular alterations.View full abstractDownload PDF (3896K) -
Isao TSUTSUI, Masao OHNO1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 55-60
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGrowth and maturation periods ofUndaria pinnatifida. U. undarioidesand Eckloniopsis radicosawere studied at Susaki Bay, southern Pacific coast of Japan, from January 1987 to December 1988. Although all the three species are annuals, each community was found at different areas in Susaki Bay.
U. pinnatifidawere observed at the inner calm area where changes in salinity and water temperature are rather low.U. undarioidesoccured in the area having modarate wave action, due to interruption by the small inland.E. radicosagrew near the shore where the waves are strong and salinity changes are relatively fixed.U. pinnatifedaappeared in January, and attained a plant length of 89 to 116 cm in April. Their spore release began in March, And maturation period continued until June when the sporophytes decayed away.U. undarioidesappeared in January, and attained a plant length of 68-67 cm in April. Their spore relese began in early April, and maturation period continued until June when the sporophytes decayed away.E. radicosaappeared in January, and attained a plant length of 43-51 cm in June. Their spore release began in August. Maturation period continued until September when the blade part decayed away. But their holdfast part remaind until January of the following year.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Shusaku KADOWAKI, Yoshiaki TANAKA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 61-65
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe productivity of the kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicusculture pond is closely related to the environmental condition. It is necessary, therefore, to evaluate quantitatively the environmental condition of the pond.
In this paper, transparency was chosen as a criterion for ascertaining water quality. Reliable field data concerning water temperature, transparency, and growth of the cultured kuruma prawn in ponds located at Amakusa in Kumamoto Prefecture were analyzed by using Inoue and Tanaka's equations. And this study was undertaken to identify whether transparency is a criterion or not. The results were as follows:
1) The theoretical maximum body weight of the kuruma prawn was calculated to be 162 g with the help of Kurata's theory and Ishioka's formula, and γ value (a constant characteristic of the species) was determined to be 0.50 by analysis of the data.
2) The λ values were dependent upon water temperature. The optimal water temperature for good growth of the kuruma prawn lies between 27°C to 28°C. At temperatures higher than 29°C the A values decreased rapidly.
3) A significant relationship was observed between the transparency of the pond water and the λ value. Independent of water temperatures, it is considered that maintaining transparency lower than 50 cm induced better growth of the kuruma prawn.
4) Determination of transparency is useful as one of the simplest and wholesome indicators for water quality in the kuruma prawn culture pond.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Toshio YOTSUI, Nobuhiko MAESAKO1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 67-70
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBarren grounds dominated by sea urchins and marine snails are widespread along the eastern coast of the Tsusima Islands, Nagasaki, Japan. At the experimental site, sea urchins and marine snails were removed by scuba divers for 900 m2in June, 1988. To supply sporelings, the floating net bags (40 sets), each of which contained 2 to 3 thalli of maturedEisenia bicyclis, were fastend at intervals of 3 to 4 m to a rope line stretched on the seabed in November 1988.
In the next March, juvenile sporophytes ofE. bicyclisappeared and at the same time Colpomenia sinuosapropagated explosively. The sporophytes ofE. bicyclis survived the summer, and they formed a subtidal forest consist of one year and two years old plants in the next spring.View full abstractDownload PDF (2383K) -
Xiao-tao LIN, Naonori ISHIWATA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 71-74
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo standardize the amount of food consumed, fourth, sixth and eighth stage zoeal larvae ofMacrobrachium rosenbergiiwere fed withArtemianauplii, and the pattern of change in the amount of food consumed with time was examined. The amount of food consumed first increased and then after a certain time levelled off to a constant value. To obtain a constant value of consumption it is therefore necessary to feed the larvae until the amount of food consumed reaches this constant value, or, in other words, the larvae are satiated.View full abstractDownload PDF (394K) -
Xiao-tao LIN, Naonori ISHIWATA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 75-80
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFourth, sixth and eighth stage zoeal larvae ofMacrobrachium rosenbergiiwere fed withArtemianauplii, and the effect of time of food deprivation ranging from 2 to 24 h on the satiation ration was examined. As the time of food deprivation increased, the satiation ration first increased and then levelled off to a constant value after 6 h. The amount of the digesta in the mid-gut gland decreased and the gland was completely empty after 6 h. The satiation ration reached its maximum value as the digesta in the mid-gut gland approached zero. The results of the study indicate that to obtain a constant value for the satiation ration of zoeae they require to be deprived food for over 6 h prior to the start of a feeding experiment.View full abstractDownload PDF (2731K) -
Xiao-tao LIN, Naonori ISHIWATA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 81-84
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFourth, sixth and eighth stage zoeal larvae ofMacrobrachium rosenbergiiwere fed withArtemianauplii at densities of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 nauplii per ml, and the effect of food density on the satiation ration was examined. When food densities were 1 nauplius per ml for the 4th stage zoea and 3 nauplii per mlfor the 6th and 8th stage zoea, the satiation ration levelled off to a constant value. The results of the study indicate that to obtain a constant value for the satiation ration of zoeae they need to be fed withArtemia nauplii at densities above 1 nauplius per ml for the 4th stage zoea and above 3 nauplii per ml for the 6th and 8th stage zoea.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
Eiji FUJIYOSHI, Makoto YAMASAKI, Hitoshi KITO1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 85-87
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor a long term storage, conchocelis cells ofPorphyra yezoensisform.narawaensis were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen. Conchocelis cells were frozen by a two-step procedure having an initial slow freezing rate (1°C/min) to -40°C followed by a rapid freezing rate when samples plunged into liquid nitrogen. A cryoprotective solution containing dimethyl sulfoxide and sorbitol was necessary for survival of conchocelis cells during the freeze-thaw cycle. After 12 months storage in liquid nitrogen, about half of concocelis cells were alive.View full abstractDownload PDF (1854K) -
Fatma A. ABDEL-RAZEK, Kenji CHIBA, Hisashi KUROKURA, Ken OKAMOTO, Reij ...1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 89-95
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution ofLimnoperna fortunei kikuchiiin Shonai inlet, Lake Hamana was studied with the relation to the major environmental factors and the distributions of other fouling organisms by setting rope collectors at 6 stations in the inlet.L. fortunei kikuchiidistributed dominantly at inner stations in the inlet during summer months.Musculista senhousia, which had been a dominant bivalve in fouling community in the surveys in 1974 shared only a small part of the total abundance at 2 stations. There were not any drastic changes in the environmental factors in the inlet during recent 20 years. It was concluded thatL. fortunei kikuchiihad immigrated into the inlet during the period of 1974 to 1979 and had excludedM. senhousiacompetitively.View full abstractDownload PDF (575K) -
Fatma A. ABDEL-RAZEK, Kenji CHIBA, Hisashi KUROKURA, Ken OKAMOTO, Reij ...1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 97-104
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField observations on the life history ofLimnoperna fortunei kikuchiiwere carried out from May 1980 to August 1982 in Shonai inlet, Lake Hamana. Spawning female was observed in higher level during summer to autumn seasons, whereas male could spawn throughout the observation period. The first spawning were thought to occur in May or June and larvae were supplied continuously during summer. Spawned larvae would settle after 37 days when they became 270 μm in shell length and grew up to 5 mm at 24-31 days after the settling. Shell length of the first settled shells in the year were calculated to be 18.9 mm at the end of September and these shells could spawn the next generations in the first summer. As the mass mortalities were observed in March and July, generation alternation were supposed to take place in summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (856K) -
Kiyoaki KANASHIRO, Akihiko EBISAWA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 105-112
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEcological study on striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentexaround the Okinawa Islands was carried out by means of survey on fishes caught with set net, fish market survey, hearings from fishermen and underwater observations. Some ecological aspects obtained are following.
Juvenile of striped jack, which were more than 5 cm in fork length, made an appearance annually in April in the shallow coastal waters such as inlets and esturies of both east and west coast of the Okinawa Island.
It was suggested that striped jack gradually moved from the shallow coastal waters to more offshore area according to growth, considering the seasonal changes of fish sizes and fishing grounds. It was also supposed that large individuals were distributed more offshore in summer and more coastal in winter.
It was estimated that spawning period was started in November and was continued during winter, considering several data such as gonad indexes, results of hearings, time of occurence of juvenile and their sizes.
Bertalanffy's growth equation obtained from the analysis of fork length frequency was shown:
Lt=66.5× {1-e (-0.374 (t+0.117) } :
where Lt is the fork length in cm at t-years old.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
Sadao SHIMENO, Toshiro MASUMOTO, Takayoshi MIMA, Yosio ANDO1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 113-117
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPresent study was undertaken to improve the nutritive values and digestibility of soybean meal diets through fermentation withEurotium repensandAspergillus oryzaeeither for long or short time treatment. Further study was conducted on yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiatafed on the fermented diets, to measure the growth, feed conversion, and body composition. Long time fermentation of the diets with fungi improved the protein digestibility, hematological characteristics, growth, and feed efficiency of the fish, but short time fermentation had no such effects. Fermentation treatments increased the soluble nitrogen content in the diets, and decreased the histamine content and the peroxide value. These changes might result in improved growth performance of yellowtail.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
Chun XIA, Riich KUSUDA1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 119-123
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeripheral blood lymphocytes of eel, Anguilla japonicawere isolated by the Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. The lymphocytes were then separated into two populations, adherent and nonadherent, according to their adherence to nylon fiber column. After the separation, lymphocyte populations were examined on their response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and hytohemagglutinin (PHA-P) mitogen, and the presence of following 3 subjects. Detection of surface immunoglobulin (SmIg) positive cells was carried out using anti-eel IgM rabbit IgG fluorescein conjugate. Detection of complement receptor (CR) was carried out by EAC rosette test. Detection of sheep red blood cell (SRBC) receptor was carried out by E rosette test. In the lymphocyte population, adherent to nylon column and responded to LPS, 83.04 % showed SmIg positive and 1.63 % showed EAC rosette formation. On the other hand, in the nonadherent lymphocyte population responded to PHA-P, 22.00 % showed SmIg positive and 0.24 % showed SRBC receptor. The results suggeste the existence of T-like and B-like lymphocyte populations in eel.View full abstractDownload PDF (525K) -
Riichi KUSUDA, Masahiko INOUE, Hiroyoshi SUGIURA, Kenji KAWAI1993 Volume 41 Issue 1 Pages 125-131
Published: March 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn epizootic infection of cultured striped jack, Pseudocaranx dentexwas observed in Tokyo during December 1990 to March 1991. The typical internal symptoms were hypertrophy of the kidney, spleen with tubercles and visceral adhesions. The causative bacterium isolated from the kidney and spleen was Gram-positive short rod. The cells were 0.3-0.4×0.8-1.5μm in size on Ogawa egg medium. Growth occured at 15-33 °C with 0-2.0 % salt concentrations and pHs of 5-9, with optimum growth at 25°C and 0-0.5% salt consentration. The isolated bacterium was niacin and catalase positive, and hydrolyzed Tween 80 after 10 days of incubation. Acid production from mannose, hydrolysis of Tween 80 after 5 days, nitrate reduction, β-galactosidase, iron uptake or nitrate utilization as a source of nitrogen were negative. The mole percent G + C of the DNA from the isolated bacterium ranged from 62.2-63.7%.The morphological, biological and biochemical characteristics of the isolated bacterium were identical toMicobacteriumsp. which has been reported for cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata.View full abstractDownload PDF (806K)
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