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Volume 47, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Takeshi TOMA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 467-479
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTopographical and seasonal distributions of the edible red alga, Porphyra spp., in Okinawa were investigated. This species occurs in the coasts facing towards the northwest of the island of Okinawa and its vicinities, e.g., islands of Ie, Tokashiki, Kume-jima, Minami-daito and Kitadaito. The habitat of this species is the intertidal zone and spray zones in the lateral coral reefs. It grows on the rocky substrata of phyllite, and Ryukyu limestone and also on wave-dissipating concrete blocks. Phyllite and concrete blocks are prefered substrata than the limestone, because the formers have greater capacity to hold moisture than the latter. Since the reversion of Okinawa in 1972, submerged concrete structures have increased along the coasts of islands. They became good substrata for the alga rapidly spreading its distribution in Okinawa. Measurement on the wave dissipating concrete blocks revealed that the maximum biomass of the algae reached 760 g/m2 in April. The germination starts in the beginning of November and the thalli alga disappear in the beginning of June. A thick zonation of the alga mats usually formed on the substrata 30-50 m away from the reef edge. Porphyra spp. have unique distribution in the subtropical waters.View full abstractDownload PDF (7575K) -
Yoshinori KOSHIKAWA, Nobuo SAKURAI, Akira OTSUKI1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 481-488
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study on recovery and recruitment of short necked clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, in Kanazawa Hakkei waters including Hirakata Cove, western Tokyo Bay, was carried out during April 1997 to December 1998 after removal of the closing levee which was constructed in one of two channels connected to Kanazawa Bay. Increased exchange rate of water body in Hirakata Cove led to a better aerobic bottom condition, a lower mud content, and a higher salinity. As a result, wide distribution of short necked clam was observed between inner part of Hirakata Cove and Nojima Waterway. The density of the clam at central part of Hirakata Cove recovered from mean 3.2 to 98.7 individuals/0.0625 m2. This density was almost similar with that at natural habitat of Nojima Beach located outside Hirakata Cove. Seasonal variation of mean clam weight density in central part of Hirakata Cove was smaller than that in Nojima Beach which is recreational area, suggesting no effect of catch by recreation. The present study suggests that Hirakata Cove is now becoming an important source for supplying the juvenile clam to Nojima Beach and conservation of the adult clam before spawning season in Kanazawa Bay is necessary.View full abstractDownload PDF (1276K) -
Katsutoshi ARAI, Yukie INAMORI1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 489-495
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEggs of normal diploid (2n) Loach were fertilized with spermatozoa of induced triploid (3n) Loach. The resultant 2n × 3n progeny showed lower survival and higher incidence of abnormality in larval stage than the control 2n × 2n cross, but a small number of individuals survived. Chromosome observation showed hyperdiploidy of the 2n × 3n fry. DNA content of the two-month-old survivors measured by flow cytometry showed that they were viable 2.2 to 2.5n aneuploids.View full abstractDownload PDF (5112K) -
Kiyoshi YOSHIHARA, Haruo SUGITA, Eiji AONO, Yoshiaki DEGUCHI1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 497-503
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 4037 specimens of goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus, were collected at the inner part of Tokyo Bay during the period from 1989 to 1998 by angling using a worm, Perinereis sp., as bait. In addition, juvenile fish were collected by handling nets at Sanmaizu shallow in April and May of the investigation years.
The value of the relative growth coefficient (b) in the length-weight relationship, W (body weight) =fL (total length) b, ranged from 2.573 to 2.947. Lower values of the relative growth coefficient (2.573-2.672) were observed in 1989, 1993 and 1998 when the condition factor of specimens was kept at high levels. These results strongly suggested that goby with higher condition factors appeared at an interval of four to five years at the inner part of Tokyo Bay.View full abstractDownload PDF (823K) -
Taeko ARIMA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 505-510
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmbryonic development and early larval stage of butterfish, Labracoglossa argentiventris, were described. The parent fish bred in tank spawned naturally from late of October to early November. One hundred and twenty one fertilized eggs were obtained in 1981 and 1, 320 in 1987. Spawned eggs were spherical, buoyant and separated from each other. The egg had one oil-globule and a roughly segmented yolk. The diameter (0.99±0.02 mm) of eggs in 1981 was different from that (0.91±0.02 mm) in 1987, however, the diameter of oil-globule was 0.23±0.01 mm in both years. It took about 28 h from the early gastrula stage to hatching under the water temperature of 20.7-21.5°C. Total length of newly-hatched larvae was 2.56±0.23 mm. The oil-globule was located at the posterior edge of yolk-sac. Anus was situated at the middle of the body. Total length of five-day-old larvae was 3.63±0.08 mm. Myomeres were counted as 6+18-19=24-25 in pre-larval stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (2821K) -
Sin-ichiro AKASE, Takeshi YOSHIKAWA, Taizo SAKATA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 511-518
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPigments extracted from marine red tide-causing microalgae, Heteyosigma akashiwo, Chattonella marina (Raphidophyceae), and a diatom, Chaetoceyos ceratosporum (Bacillariophyceae), were analysed using reversed phase thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in order to establish a rapid method for identifying algal pigments. Three raphidophyte strains showed to contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c, zeaxanthin, fucoxanthin, violaxanthin, and β-carotene as major pigments. On the contrary, the pigment composition of C.ceratosporum showed to be considerably different from that of the raphidophytes: the absence of violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, and β-carotene and the presence of 2 unidentified carotenoids. The analytical methods are useful for the rapid identification of chlorophyll and carotenoid pigments from marine microalgae and can be applied to the monitoring system of the bloom succession of marine microalgae.View full abstractDownload PDF (2571K) -
Haruhiko ISHIKAWA, Keisuke G. TAKAHASHI, Katsuyoshi MORI1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 519-525
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the annual reproductive cycle and seasonal changes of hemocytic density and phagocytic activity in hemocytes of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, from May 1996 to February 1997. Phagocytic activity in the hemocytes was estimated to evaluate the phagocytic rate and the phagocytic index. The gonadal condition of each oyster was classified into one of four stages: the developmental stage, the mature stage, the recovery stage, and the resting stage. From May to June, hemocytic density and phagocytic activity in the hemocytes increased corresponding to gonadal development, and higher values were therefore detected in the mature gonad group. The group of oysters at the mature stage in June showed the highest values of hemocytic density and phagocytic activity in the hemocytes. Contrastively, in the group collected in September, which was soon after the spawning period, hemocytic density and phagocytic activity were at decreased levels, the phagocytic index being markedly decreased. These results suggest that gonadal maturation and spawning affect density and phagocytic activity in the hemocytes and that reproduction is one major factor affecting the cellular host-defense system mediated by hemocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (4773K) -
Kazuhiro HARADA, Tsuyoshi YAMAMOTO1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 527-530
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStarvation tolerance of the juvenile swimming crab, Poytunus tyituberculatus, was investigated. At water temperatures of 15 to 25°C the survival period (C1) decreased with rearing temperature rising. At water temperatures of 23-24°C the median survival period of crabs (from C1 to C3) was from 9 to 19 days and the starvation tolerance increased with the size of crabs. The point of no return (PNR) for C1 was estimated 8.3 days at 25°C.
The rapid decrease in the number of released artificial seed of the swimming crab in intertidal areas doesn't seem to be caused by starvation.View full abstractDownload PDF (583K) -
Nobuhiko AKIYAMA, Aya ITOH, Shinpei UENO, Sigeiti HAYASI, Yoshimitsu O ...1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 531-537
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study aims at clarification of size of particles taken by young pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata maytensii, with the use of polystyrene particles. The animals, 0.17 to 6.41 mm in shell height, were put in sea water containing the particles, 1-500μm in diameter and 1.05 in specific gravity.
Significant difference in size composition was found between particles suspending in the water and in the shellfish, thus indicating selective intake by the animals. The size of particles taken became larger upon the shellfish's growth. Nevertheless, most of taken particles were found between 2.56 and 10.24μm in diameter over the whole range of the animals.
We observed the particle-intaken process by the young pearl oyster less than 2 mm in shell height under microscopes. They appeared to reject particles larger than 40 μm by margin of their mantles, even if some particles did enter into the mantle cavities, they wouldn't hold the particles by gills or carry them toward mouths. On the other hands, the particles smaller than the width of their ostia were not efficiently catched by the young shellfish. Accordingly the modal size of particles taken by the individual animals was found ranging between 2.56 to 10.24μm.View full abstractDownload PDF (1150K) -
Ken-ichi YAMAMOTO, Satoru ADACHI, Hiroshi KOUBE1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 539-544
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the pearl oyster, Pinctada fucata maytensii, effects of hypoxia to the amount of oxygen uptake (Vo2), the ventilation volume (Vg), the oxygen utilization (U) and the gill cilia movement (SP) were examined at 14.5°C (April), 20.5°C (June) and 27.2°C (August), respectively.
Under normoxic condition, Vg and SP increased as water temperature rising, but U decreased. Vo2increased between 14.5 and 20.5°C, but showed an approximately similar value between 20.5 and 27.2°C. Under hypoxic condition, Vg maintained at about the same level as normoxic condition but U increased with the oxygen tension decreasing. Vo2was about the same level at 14.5°C and 20.5°C, but decreased at 27.2°C. SP was about the same level at 14.5°C and 20.5°C, but at 27.2°C decreased a little. The results showed that 27.2°C water temperature appeared to be too high for the pearl oyster to perform a normal respiratory function.View full abstractDownload PDF (1003K) -
Takashi SHIIBASHI, Kouichi TAMAKI, Takaji IIDA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 545-550
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe involvement of superoxide (O2-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochiorous acid (HOCl) in oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity, together with their kinetics of oxygen metabolism during respiratory burst were investigated using tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, neutrophils. In the presence of phorbol ester, respiratory burst was and oxygen radicals were generated in tilapia neutrophils. The rate of the oxygen consumption, O2- production and H2O2production were 18.0 ± 2.73, 18.6 ± 2.53 and 9.3 ± 0.62 nmol/107cells/min, respectively, showing a stoichiometrical proportion of 2: 2: 1. This suggests that NADPH oxidase activity is responsible for respiratory burst and oxygen radical generation in tilapia neutrophils. The addition of a H2O2scavenger, catalase, led to an apparent inhibition of bactericidal activity, whereas the addition of an O2- scavenger, superoxide dismutase, did not. Sodium azide (NaN3), an inhibitor of HOCl generating enzyme myeloperoxidase, apparently suppressed the bactericidal activity of tilapia neutrophils as well. These findings suggest that H2O2and HOCl generated during respiratory burst are responsible for the oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity of tilapia neutrophils.View full abstractDownload PDF (887K) -
M. Agus SUPRAYUDI, Maria BINTANG, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Ing MOKOGINTA, Toha ...1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 551-557
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to examine the utilization of defatted soybean meal (SBM) as a fish meal (FM) substitute in the diets for giant gouramy, Osphronemus gouramyLac. The levels of substitution of FM by SBM were 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of dietary protein, respectively. The diets were isoenergetic, isonitrogenous and isolipid. Daily growth rate, feed efficiency, protein and lipid retention, apparent digestibility of protein, lipid and carbohydrate, ammonia excretions and respiratory quotient were used as parameters to evaluate the differences among treatments.
A substitution level of 50% resulted in the highest daily growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein and lipid retention (p < 0.05) . This treatment also resulted in the lowest nitrogen excretion. Digestibility of protein, lipid and carbohydrate decreased with an increase in SBM, due to the increase in fiber content and insoluble carbohydrate. The respiratory quotient of the experimental fish ranged from 0.85 to 0. 99, indicated that both protein and carbohydrate were catabolyzed as the main sources of energy.
Based on the evaluation of these parameters, it is concluded that SBM can substitute 50% of the protein for FM in the diets of giant gouramy without impairment of performance.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Yutaka HAGA, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Tadahisa SEIKAI1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 559-566
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to examine the effect of retinoic acid on the occurrence of vertebral deformity in juvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, reared on Artemia nauplii enriched with different levels of retinoic acid. Retinoic acid concentration inArtemiawas increased with elevation of retinoic acid supplemented to theArtemiaculture medium. Concerning the pigmentation, there was no obvious difference between retinoic acid fed group and the control group. On the other hand, fish fedArtemiaenriched with retinoic acid showed shorter total length and lower body weight. Incidence of vertebral deformity in flounder increased in correspondence with increased level of retinoic acid inArtemia. Vertebral deformity observed in this study was similar to that of hypervitaminosis A. This study clearly verified that retinoic acid is a critical factor causing vertebral deformity in juvenile flounder.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
M. Amzad HOSSAIN, Masayuki FURUICHI1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 567-571
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSJuvenile Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, with initial mean body weight of 0.38g were fed semi-purified diets supplemented with different levels (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6%) of calcium (Ca) for 10 weeks. Growth was lowest in the fish fed a Ca unsupplemented diet. Dietary Ca supplements of 0.1 and 0.25% significantly increased the growth. Further increment of a dietary Ca supplement up to 0.6% could not proportionally increase the growth and rather tended to decrease the growth. Feed efficiency and condition factor of the fish also were significantly improved by a dietary Ca supplementation. Ca and phosphorus contents of the vertebrae were similar in all the treatment groups and did not appear to be suitable indicators of Ca requirement in this species. It appears that a Ca supplement of 0.1-0.25% in a semi-purified diet is necessary for juvenile Japanese flounder.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Kazuhiro OKADA, Morio NISHIMURA, Takeshi KAWAMURA, Masahiro HAYASHI1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 573-582
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMortalities during temperature rising from spring to early summer in juveniles of abalone, Haliotis discus, from several pairs of spawners were compared during the period from 1994 to 1996. In 1994 the mortality of juveniles from one pair of spawners was significantly lower than that from other two pairs. In 1995 the experiment was repeated using six pairs of spawners, including the pair with the lowest juvenile mortality from 1994. Juveniles from this pair again showed the lowest mortality overall. In 1996 the female which produced the juveniles with the lowest mortality in 1994 and 1995 was cross mated with six males, and the mortality of all juveniles from those six spawning was generally lower than that from other spawners. The histological observation in this study indicated that the mortality associated with temperature rising was caused by Amyotrophia disease. These results suggest low mortalities during temperature rising in particular groups of juveniles came from the genetic characteristics of spawners, especially the females, which can strongly resist Amyotrophia disease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1403K) -
Masaya NIIRO, Hachiro HIRATA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 583-587
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo improve the ecological cycle in culture of carp, effects of Probiotic additives on algal growth potential (AGP) and fecal decreasing rates (FDR) were examined. Four experiments of carp culture fed on different amount of probiotic additives, “EARTH GENITOR”, were conducted: Exp-1 for 0% aid as control experiment, Exp-2 for 0.5% aid to the diets, Exp-3 for 2% aid to the diets, and Exp-4 for 5% aid. Higher AGP, 140% were obtained in Exp-3 and -4. Lower AGP, 82 to 100% were observed in Exp-2 and -1, respectively. Exp-2, -3, and -4 showed almost the same FDR, 1.43 to 1.63% per day, which was about two times higher than that of FDR in Exp-1, the control. These results suggest that probiotic additives in diets could mitigate the self-pollution in aquaculture.View full abstractDownload PDF (627K) -
Improvement of Larval Survival by 3, 3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) Immersion in Red Spotted GrouperHideo YAMANOI, Masayoshi KONDOU, Yoshihiro FUJII, Masatomo TAGAWA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 589-593
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to reduce the mortality of red spotted grouper, Epinepherus akaara, on 3 day after hatching, effect of a T3 thyroid hormone (3, 3', 5-triiodo-L-thyronine) immersion was examined using a small experimental system. Immersion of eggs one day before hatching in T3 containing seawater (100 ng/ml) for 5 hours did not improve the hatchability and survival of larvae under starvation. When the hatching larvae were treated with the hormone, 73% survived after day 6; only 2% in control group survived. The survival rate did not improved much when older larvae were used. In the range of 6.25 to 100 ng/ml, whose larvae immersed in solutions of higher T3 concentration showed better survival in most cases. T3 concentration in hatching larvae body was about 10 ng/g when the eggs were treated with 200 ng/mlof T3 for 6 hours one day before hatching, while 120 ng/g T3 was detected in larvae one day after hatching when the hatching larvae were treated with the hormone. Our result suggested that larval survival can be improved by elevating the concentration of T3 thyroid hormone on the day of hatching.View full abstractDownload PDF (787K) -
Kazuhiro HARADA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 595-596
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFouling by the green mussel, Perna viridis, on the oyster beds in Aioi City and along the coast of northern Harima-nada, Hyogo Prefecture was investigated. In this study the first observed mass of green mussels adhering to cultured oysters was in August, 1998 with a shell length about 5 mm. By the end of November the largest one grew to 47 mm. Growth slowed down with the seasonal fall in water temperature, and mortality increased. Detachment from the substrates was observed in the end of January, 1999. At water temperatures below 10°C, mass mortalities of the green mussel were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (359K) -
Taiko MIYASAKI, Katsuhiko HARADA, Hiroshi MAEDA1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 597-598
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe multiple linear regression equations of attraction activity on the amino acid contents in the extracts of 39 breeds of vegetable were estimated, for seeking probable feeding attractive amino acids for yellowtail, Serbia quinqueradiata. The estimated equations indicated that proline was effective in increasing attraction index and that several amino acids showed decreasing trend of the index with their concentration increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Kiyoshi YOSHIHARA, Atsushi MOCHIZUKI, Masayoshi KATO1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 599-606
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: December 10, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors visited the Republic of Madagascar in August, 1999, and investigated about the aquatic production of the country, and inspected the center of the aquaculture development project, which located at Mahajanga in the Northwest coastal region. This center was established to promote the use of prawn culturing technology for petty fishermen with support from the Japanese government. The following are the outlines data. The annual amount of the aquatic production reached to roughly 120, 000 t in last five years, and there was no significant change in the country's economy except that the marine aquaculture increased. The Ministry of Fisheries and Fishery Resources Management of the country divides their fishery into maritime fishery and freshwater fishery; and the maritime fishery is, further, divided into industrial, small and traditional fishery. The Ministry announced officially the annual fisheries production of each. The share of the production of traditional fishery accounted for about 63% of the whole. Although the production amount of shrimp and prawn is not announced, shrimp and prawn appear to be the most importance species for the maritime products in the country, as they occupy the most amount of the annual export. The result of aquaculture development project, which started in April, last year, has not been announced. We expect an advancing performance of this project.View full abstractDownload PDF (8325K) -
1999 Volume 47 Issue 4 Pages 607-618
Published: December 20, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: March 09, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1313K)
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