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Volume 56, Issue 1
Aquaculture Science
Displaying 1-22 of 22 articles from this issue
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Original Papers
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Md. Iftekharul Wahid, Takeshi Yoshikawa, Taizo Sakata2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLeucine aminopeptidase (LAP) from marine labyrinthulid strain 00-Bat-05 cells were purified and characterized by enzymological properties. The optimum temperature and pH of LAP from strain 00-Bat-05 was 37°C and pH 8.0, respectively. The thermostability of the enzyme was indicated by remaining 80% of maximum activity after heat treatment at 60°C for 10 min. The enzyme were inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid (PCMB), 1,10-phenanthroline, bestatin and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), suggesting that it is SH-aminopeptidase. The enzyme activity of LAP was stimulated by Co2+ and inhibited by Zn2+. LAP of 00-Bat-05 had a high specificity for L-leucine-p-nitroanilide among p-nitroanilide derivatives of L-amino acids tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (194K) -
Heisuke Oono, Kishio Hatai, Hideaki Aikawa, Hideo Hara2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 9-12
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe evaluated bronopol as a practical alternative anti-fungal agent to malachite green for use in hatcheries. Repeated daily exposure, from just after fertilization to the stage showing eye development, to 50 ppm and 100 ppm bronopol for 30 min showed an efficacy compared to the 0 ppm control for the inhibition of fungal infections in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis eggs. The 100 ppm bronopol treatment groups showed control of fungal infection up to the stage of eye development in eggs. Significant differences in terms of the number of hatched fish were seen between the 0 ppm control and treatments at 50 and 100 ppm bronopol.View full abstractDownload PDF (94K) -
Kosuke Takaku, Kazumi Hosoya2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 13-18
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRearing conditions for larvae and juveniles, including induction of spawning by human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) were examined to establish a way of artificial propagation for endangered fish golden venus chub, Hemigrammocypris rasborella. Gonads of parental fishes were developed in six months by keeping water temperature in 27±1°C and long photoperiod treatment in 14L-10D. In order to induce the spawning, matured fish were administered by HCG at 5 IU/gBW to males, and 10 IU/gBW to females, and released into a tank with spawning bed. Incidentally, spawning was observed between 8-10 h after HCG injection. The total number of collected eggs is 1710, of which 768 hatched. It was clarified that mixture of green water and artificial feed were well efficient as early feed to growth and development of the larvae and juveniles. They rapidly grew till 120 days after hatching, after then more slowly in rearing condition 27±1°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (446K) -
Kenji Fujimoto, Takeiki Yamamoto, Mitsuru Sudo, Yutaka Haga, Michio Ku ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 19-30
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA biologically interesting lipid deposition system in tunas enables them to migrate a long distance in the ocean. On the other hand, the condition of lipid deposition in their meat is important to evaluate their meat quality as the human food. This study investigated the ontogenetic change of neutral lipid deposition in reared larval and juvenile Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT), Thunnus orientalis, under different rearing temperature regimes; (I) at 27°C throughout the experiment, (II) at 24°C until the flexion stage, 25°C until juvenile stage, and at 27°C thereafter. Neutral lipid deposition was examined histologically by making cryosections stained with oil red O, and haematoxylin and eosin. Under both regimes, lipid deposition firstly occurred in the brain, next visceral organs, and lastly in muscle when the fish metamorphosed from larvae to juveniles. Lipid deposition in all body parts except for the internal dark muscle occurred earlier under the regime I than II. The effect of lower temperature on the lipid deposition under the regime II continued after the temperature was raised to the same temperature of regime I. These results reveal that the effect of temperature on lipid deposition during early development continues even in later developmental stages.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Takashi Nakamoto, Isao Maruyama, Hiroshi Kimura, Yoshikazu Inada, Atsu ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 31-36
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feed value of two cladocerans Moina macrocopa and Diaphanosoma celebensis for prawn, Penaeus japonicus was compared with Artemia. Fatty acid profile revealed that the fortification with chlorella V12 greatly enhanced raised eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid levels of both cladocerans. Prawn, Penaeus japonicus (postlarva-stage) was fed fortified M. macrocopa, D. celebensis and Artemia larvae as a control for 30 days. The body length of prawn fed cladocerans was significantly longer than that fed Artemia. Survival rate was higher in prawn fed D. celebensis than others. Fatty acid composition of the prawn larvae changed in response to the fatty acid profile of feeds. These results implied that cladoceran D. celebensis can be a suitable live feed other than Artemia for inducing mass seeding production of prawn.View full abstractDownload PDF (290K) -
Daisuke Tahara, Ryo Hatano, Hoji Iwatani2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 37-43
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOvaries of cultured broodstocks (2 years old) of fourspine sculpin, Cottus kazika, were monitored by external and histological observations throughout the year. Ovarian maturity was classified into 6 stages according to the characteristics of the oocyte development, the ovarian regression, and the residual eggs. Almost all broodstocks contained residual eggs in ovary throughout the year, although the appearance of residual eggs decreased during the spawning season (January-March). The appearance of residual eggs in broodstocks was due to non-ejection of the residual eggs from the ovulated fish and a slowly progressed of ovarian regression during the resting stage. Although eggs with high fertility were obtained from broodstocks which retained the residual eggs in the ovary during non-spawning period, it was not clear that maintaining residual eggs in ovarian cavity for a long term have an effect on the following maturation and ovulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
Ken-ichi Yamamoto, Takeshi Handa, Naoto Kayano2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 45-49
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the pen-shell, Atrina (Servatrina) lischkeana, effect of hypoxia on oxygen uptake was examined at 23.4°C. With the decrease in oxygen pressure in the sea water, the ventilation volume gradually increased from 0.088 l/min/kg to 1.976 l/min/kg and the oxygen utilization gradually decreased from 16% to 4%. The amount of oxygen uptake, being calculated with the oxygen utilization and the ventilation volume, maintained the same level (0.51 ml/min/kg) until the oxygen pressure decreased to 26.3 mmHg. Under the oxygen pressure less than 26.3 mmHg, the ventilation volume decreased, while oxygen utilization increased. Finally, the amount of oxygen uptake decreased. The results suggested that the pen-shell maintains the amount of oxygen uptake by increasing the ventilation volume under hypoxic condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (228K) -
Alok Kalla, Takao Yoshimatsu, Mohammad Nakib Dad Khan, Junya Higano, ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated preliminarily the availability of Porphyra spheroplasts (PS) as a live food substitute for culturing bivalve, Ruditapes philippinarum. Hatchery obtained clam spats (mean shell length ca. 5 mm) were randomly distributed in small stainless-steel mesh cages at 20 pieces per cage with six replicates of each dietary treatment. Two diets (PS and condensed natural diatom Chaetoceros gracilis) were fed to the clams for 42 days, four times a day (08:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00) at ad libitum in a flow through system. In addition, adult clams (mean shell length ca. 29.8 mm) were reared in the same condition in plastic cages at 20 pieces per cage with three replicates. The dietary performance was evaluated in terms of survival, growth of shell size and body composition for clams. The data on length increase indicated that the clam spats fed on C. gracilis had higher increment in size than those fed on PS. Nevertheless, over-all mortality was low (survival: 97.5-99.2%) and independent of the experimental treatments. In addition, no significant difference was observed in proximate carcass composition after feeding trial for adult clams. According to the results, PS was proved to be a good candidate food substitute for culturing bivalve spats.View full abstractDownload PDF (119K) -
Takakiyo Oonuki, Shou Tanaka, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Nobuhiko Akiyama2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 57-66
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the annual reproductive cycle of the female freshwater prawn, Palaemon paucidens, collected on the Miho peninsula, Shizuoka Prefecture, from December 2002 to October 2004. Oogenesis of this freshwater prawn was classified into six stages for this study: chromatin nucleolus, early perinucleolus, late perinucleolus, primary yolk, secondary yolk, and tertiary yolk stage. Based on these classifications and histological features of ovaries, ovarian maturity was classified into four phases: multiplication, vitellogenic, maturation, and ovulation phases. Ovigerous females appeared for about four months, between February and May in 2003 and between January and April in 2004. Prawn in the vitellogenic phase and maturation phase, along with an increase of GSI, were observed during the period of November and January (2002-2004), which was two months before ovigerous females were found. The appearance of small individuals (10 mm or less in carapace length) and a decrease in large individuals (12 mm or bigger) from May suggested that many females die after spawning.
Based on these results, we reared females under four environmental conditions by applying two different water temperatures (17°C and 23°C) and two different day lengths (9 h and 12 h), to investigate the relationship between ovarian maturation and each environmental condition. Initially, all individuals had ovaries of the resting phase. Two months later, the maturation phase was observed individually in the prawns reared in tanks for nine hours at 17°C. In a tank with the temperature of 17°C and the day length of 12 h, prawns in the vitellogenic phase appeared. In water temperature of 23°C, all individuals remained in the multiplication phase.
These results indicate that environmental factors for the prawn's ovarian maturation are the decrease in water temperature and daylight length shortly after the autumnal equinox. The critical temperatures are between 17°C and 20°C, and The critical day lengths are between 9 h and 12 h Moreover, ovarian maturation of the prawn suggests that water temperature has a greater influence on its growth than the daylight length.View full abstractDownload PDF (1355K) -
Takashi Suzuki, Yasunori Ishibashi2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 67-71
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo understand visual features in larval and juvenile ocellate puffer, Takifugu rubripes, we examined ontogenic changes of visual acuity on the basis of cone photoreceptor cell density. The density of cones was found to decrease with body size (as based on the total length, TL). The cone density with TL demonstrated a sharp decrease until approximately 6 mm TL. Thereafter, the density was constant throughout the growth. The minimum separable angle values ranged from 121.87 to 15.75, and the value was found to decrease with body size. The minimum separable angle value with TL demonstrated a sudden decrease until 12-13 mm TL, just before juvenile stage. Visual acuity values ranged from 0.0082 to 0.0635 and progressed throughout the growth. The maximum distance estimated from visual acuity values also progressed throughout the growth. These results suggest that the visual acuity of larval and juvenile ocellate puffer progresses with growth, and it progresses especially rapidly in the larval stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (109K) -
Shunsuke Iwanaga, Masashi Hirai, Hidetsuyo Hosokawa2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 73-79
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo improve the management of pearl culture, the production efficiency of mother-shells of difference ages was examined in Tsushima Island, Nagasaki Prefecture from June 2004 to January 2006. The survival rate, quality, value of production and price of pearls produced from 1-year-old oysters inserted 6.66 mm nuclei (1-year-old group) were compared with those from 2-years-old oysters inserted 7.27 mm nuclei (2-years-old group 1) and 2-years-old oysters inserted 7.42 mm nuclei (2-years-old group 2). Oysters in the 2-years-old group 2 were from the same group as the 1-year-old group, but nuclei were inserted in June 2005. The survival rate of the 1-year-old group was 32.0% and 12.7% higher than those of the 2-years-old groups 1 and 2, respectively. The nacre thickness and rations of faultlessness and commercially valuable pearls produced from the 1-year-old group were 1.6 times and 2.2 times, 12.3% and 13.7%, 21.9% and 20.0% higher than those from the 2-years-old groups 1 and 2, respectively. The prices of 7 and 8 mm commercial pearls from the 1-year-old group were 1.3-3.4 times higher than those from the 2-years-old groups 1 and 2. The value of commercial pearl produced from the 1-year-old group was 2.6 times and 1.9 times higher than those from the 2-years-old groups 1 and 2, respectively. Above results suggest that using 1-year-old oysters for operation in June can be effective in improving the production efficiency of pearl culture.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Annita Seok Kian Yong, Manabu Seoka, Yuki Ohkawa, Osamu Takaoka, Kenj ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 81-87
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study aimed to improve spawning performance of striped knifejaw using ascorbyl-2-monophosphate Mg salt (APM) as a dietary ascorbic acid (AsA) source. Five experimental diets, a control diet 1 without APM and four test diets 2-5 with 500, 1,000, 3,000 and 6,000 mg AsA/kg diet in an equivalent basis of APM, respectively, were prepared using a semi purified fish meal basal diet. Each diet was fed to duplicate broodfish groups consisting of 4 females and 2 males, having mean body weight of 587 and 595 g, respectively, once a day for 21 weeks, from April 2006. Dietary APM promoted earlier onset of spawning and induced a tendency of improving egg quality; diet 2 had higher tendencies in egg production, buoyancy, hatching rate and larval survival activity index. Dietary APM significantly correlated to AsA levels in eggs. Groups fed diets 4 and 5 tended to induce higher abnormal larvae than groups fed diets 1-3. These results revealed that the broodfish of striped knifejaw effectively utilized APM as a dietary AsA source and promoted the early onset of spawning and performance; but high dietary APM might cause ill effects on egg quality.View full abstractDownload PDF (145K) -
Age and Growth of the Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides in Lake Ono, Yamaguchi Prefecture, JapanShogo Kosaka, Naohiko Takeshita, Ken-ichi Yamamoto, Itaru Ikeda2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 89-95
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAge and growth of the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides in Lake Ono, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan were studied by otolith reading of 529 specimens. Otolith radius and ring radii were measured from the focus to the anterior edge and to outer margins of the hyaline zones, respectively. Ring marks were formed on the otoliths once a year from March to May. The number of ring marks indicated approximately the full age of the fish because the marks formed at the spawning period. The relationship between otolith radius and standard length (SL) was linear. The growth of this fish was expressed by the von Bertalanffy's equation as Lt=395.2 [1-exp {-0.340 (t+0.007)}] for females and Lt=380.4 [1-exp {-0.326 (t+0.031)}] for males; where Lt is SL in mm and t is age in years. Females grew slightly faster than males. The estimated maximum ages were 12 years old for females and 10 years old for males.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Ryusei Ito, Toshinobu Terawaki, Cyril Glenn Satuito, Hitoshi Kitamur ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 97-103
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCultivation of the Hiziki, Sargassum fusiforme, by clipping plants collected from naturally growing population between culture ropes was conducted off Kunimi, Kunisaki peninsula, Oita, Japan from November 2000 to May 2001. The growth of Hiziki plants was slow until March 2001 but increased thereafter and plant length reached more than 1m by the end of May. Hiziki was harvested from the end of April to the early part of May and yields were over 10 kg wet weight per 1m of the culture rope. Various algae and animals attached to the cultured Hiziki, and hence the harvest time of marketable Hiziki was only until early May. A comparison between cultured and naturally growing Hiziki showed that cultured Hiziki was shorter but heavier than its naturally growing counterpart, mainly because the former had denser thalli with more vesicles and fronds than the naturally growing ones. This is the first report on Hiziki cultivation along the coast of Japan using the technique of clipping naturally growing plants between culture ropes.View full abstractDownload PDF (521K) -
Izuru Kakuta2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 105-111
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFerulic acid {3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-propenoic acid}, γ-oryzanol {3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-2-propenoic acid ester} and phytic acid (myo-inositol hexaphosphoric acid) derived from rice bran were evaluated for the ability to enhance the non-specific immunodefense activity of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Oral administration of these supplements with 100 and 500 mg/kg body weight/day to goldfish for 40 days resulted in increased some immunodefense indices as follows: the number of granulocytes in blood, the phagocytic activity and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction activity of granulocytes, natural killer-like cell reaction, the amount of skin mucus secreted by γ-oryzanol admnistration, and the lysozyme activity of skin mucus secreted by ferulic acid or phytic acid administration. The results indicate that these supplements enhance the non-specific immunodefense ability of goldfish.View full abstractDownload PDF (374K) -
Mitsugu Watanabe, Sadao Yamamoto, Hiroaki Andoh, Toshiro Masumoto2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 113-116
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to determine the energy requirement of juvenile greater amberjack Seriola dumerili, weighing 95.0 g on average, to establish the adequate feeding levels at 23.8-29.4°C of water temperatures. The feeding experiment was conducted in net cages for four weeks, employing commercial extruded dry pellets. Fish were fed to satiation or at levels between 60 and 80% of the satiation level once a day. The growth was highest for the satiation group and decreased proportionally to the feeding levels. The optimum feeding rate, estimated on the basis of the relationship between the weight gain and feeding rate, was 2.46% body weight per day and 98.4 kcal/kg body weight/day.View full abstractDownload PDF (227K) -
Mitsugu Watanabe, Sadao Yamamoto, Hiroaki Andoh, Toshiro Masumoto2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 117-120
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to determine suitable feeding frequencies and levels for juvenile greater amberjack Seriola dumerili, weighing 240 g on average, at 23.0-29.7°C of water temperatures in net cages. Commercial extruded pellets were fed to fish until satiation for 6, 5, 4 and 3.5 times per week. The fish were fed once a day for eight weeks. The daily weight gain was almost similar in fish fed 5 and 6 times per week, followed by fish fed 4 and 3.5 times per week, suggesting that a suitable feeding frequency was 5 times per week. The energy requirement, calculated on the basis of the daily feeding rate at this frequency, was 79.6 kcal/kg body weight/day.View full abstractDownload PDF (213K) -
Satoshi Katayama, Masafumi Sakaki, Akihiko Tsurugasaki, Kei-ichi Numab ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 121-126
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo reveal the life history pattern of Shirauo, Salangichthys microdon, in Lake Ogawara, we examined otolith Sr:Ca ratios in individuals from Lake Ogawara (n=12) and its tributary, the Takase River (n=6). Sr:Ca ratios were observed in two types of patterns: a resident pattern with low Sr:Ca ratio from core to edge, and an anadromous pattern with abrupt increases in Sr:Ca ratio. Back-calculated total lengths at the time of seaward migrations of anadromous individuals were 63.4-67.7 mm for five specimens from the river, and 36.8-63.8 mm for three from the lake. These findings suggest there is a wide variation in life history for S. microdon, and that residents and anadromous migrants live together in the lake.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Masahiko Matsuda, Akira Shinagawa, Junya Higano, Akihiko Fujii, Keiji ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 127-136
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study aimed at examining a possible role of low salinity in causing mass mortalities of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum in culture areas. Laboratory experiments were conducted on the effect of low salinity on survival, hemolymph osmolality and tissue water content at 25 °C. Also, seawater salinity was monitored from June 2003 through October 2005 in a culture area in Isahaya Bay, Kyushu, Japan.
No clam died during 96 h exposure to 15 psu, while substantial mortalities occurred below 10 psu. When clams were exposed to salinities below 20 psu, hemolymph osmolality declined gradually and became iso-osmotic with the external media after 48 h. In contrast, forced opening of valves resulted in a rapid reduction of hemolymph osmolality. Thus, clams appear to maintain hemolymph osmolality by closing the valves when exposed to low ambient salinities. Tissue water content increased from 78.3-80.6% to 81.4-88.3% during 72-96 h exposure to 22.5-10 psu. Salinity remained over 25 psu when mass mortalities occurred in 2003 and 2004 in the culture area. These results led us to conclude that low salinity was not a major cause of the mass mortality in the two years.View full abstractDownload PDF (527K)
Short Paper
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Tsuyoshi Tamate2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 137-138
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI estimated the annual catches of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou landed by coastal fisheries in Hokkaido from 1958 to 1980, which have not yet been investigated well. Although a good annual catch (2,000 t <) seems to have often occurred from the late 1950s until 1960s, there was presumably a sharp decline in catch in the early 1970s. It is likely that poor catches (<1,000 t) had already been usual in the late 1970s.View full abstractDownload PDF (184K) -
Masafumi Sakaki, Satoshi Katayama, Akihiko Tsurugasaki, Kei-ichi Numab ...2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 139-140
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpawning grounds of shirauo Salangichthys microdon were found in Lake Ogawara, through an intensive survey of the distribution of egg laid on the sandy bottom. Based on the presence and status of the sampled eggs, it was estimated that the shirauo spawned in shallow (≈1 m) water depths from mid-May to late June. By identifying important spawning areas, our results provide valuable information for protection of the spawning stock.View full abstractDownload PDF (201K)
Note
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Masanobu Matsuoka2008 Volume 56 Issue 1 Pages 141-143
Published: March 20, 2008
Released on J-STAGE: September 04, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe occurrence of deformity of the inter-nostril epidermis was examined in artificially raised Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius juveniles. Samples that reared at the National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea contained 9.9% specimens with deformed nostril. These larvae ate the yolk sac larvae of black sea bream from first-feeding stage. This fact indicates that the deformity of the inter-nostril epidermis in this species occurred irrespective of the existence of rotifers and/or Artemia salina larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K)
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