Aquaculture Science
Online ISSN : 2185-0194
Print ISSN : 0371-4217
ISSN-L : 0371-4217
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Volume 58, Issue 3
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Originl Papers
  • Toxicity of Chlorine Dioxide to Medaka Oryzias latipes Adults and Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Eggs
    Prasatporn Borisutpeth, Pithai Kanbutra, Emi Horiuchi, Shinpei Wada, ...
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 331-335
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.331
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    The toxicity of chlorine dioxide to adult medaka and Nile tilapia eggs was investigated. Medaka tolerated 16μg/ml of chlorine dioxide for 1 h, but did not tolerate higher concentrations or longer exposure times. Cumulative mortality in tilapia eggs immersed in chlorine dioxide at 16, 32 and 63μg/ml of chlorine dioxide for 10 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h and 24 h ranged from 5 to 15%. The results suggest that chlorine dioxide concentrations of >63μg/ml may be an effective anti-fungal treatment in fish hatchery systems. However, chlorine dioxide was unsatisfactory as an antifungal treatment for adult fish.
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  • Cytological Mechanisms of Induced Gynogenesis in Nigorobuna Crucian Carp Eggs Exposed to Heat or Cold Shock for Retention of Second Polar Body
    Toru Kobayashi, Morihito Nemoto
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 337-343
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.337
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    We observed chromosomal behaviour in gynogenetic eggs of nigorobuna crucian carp (Carassius grandoculis) after cold shock treatment (CST; 0-0.3°C for 40 min) and heat shock treatment (HST; 40°C for 90 s) for second polar body retention. Seven days after fertilization, maximum normal larvae hatched when CST and HST were initiated 7 and 9 min after insemination (AI; 31.9% and 7.1%), respectively. Eggs from 1 female were inseminated with UV-irradiated semen (3,000 erg/mm2) to induce gynogenesis. After CST, the spindle body of the second maturation division disappeared, and a putative karyomere and a haploid or a diploid pronucleus were observed instead of the female pronucleus and polar body. The observed structures gradually moved toward the centre of the sperm aster at 15 min after the end of treatment (62 min AI), conjugated to form a nucleus, and underwent the first cleavage at 72 min AI. In contrast, after HST, cleavage started 12 min after the completion of treatment. Although nuclear changes were more rapid after HST than after CST, the nuclear behaviour after both treatments was similar. The differences in the behaviour of the karyomeres and pronuclei were attributable to differences in the age and sensitivity of the eggs, not to differences in treatment.
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  • Characterization and Sibship Estimation of Body Color Variants in Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
    Eitaro Sawayama, Motohiro Takagi
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 345-350
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.345
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    Color variations were identified in a hatchery population of Japanese flounder: body color was yellowish compared to normal individuals. This study characterized red, green, blue, and luminance body color components in normal and yellowish individuals. Further studies estimated microsatellite DNA marker-based relationships using sibship reconstruction approaches. Color components of red and green in yellowish individuals were significantly higher than that of normal individuals. However, the blue component of yellowish individuals was significantly lower than that of normal individuals. Four microsatellite loci were used for sibship reconstruction. Results indicated that most yellowish individuals were generated predominantly by two half-sibs. Sibship reconstruction suggested that the yellowish individuals identified in a hatchery population of Japanese flounder may have arisen via genetic effects. Assessing the parentage of abnormal fish used in seed production, and the removal of parents generating abnormal fish, would represent a new strategy for retrospective selective breeding.
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  • Validity of an External Marking on Young Devil Stinger Inimicus japonicus by Clipping the Branchial Mantle
    Tatsuya Minamiura
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 351-356
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.351
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    We examined an external marking method for young devil stinger (60 mm in total length) by cutting off the apical portion of the branchial mantle using dissection scissors. While the marked fish were reared for 3 years, the excision marks of the branchial mantle allowed identification of marked individuals, and no significant difference was observed in both the survival rate and growth between marked and unmarked fish. When we measured the length of the clipped and unclipped first opercular spine every year, the ratio of the length was stable over the 3 years. Though the excised opercle size enlarged with growth, the excision marks never recovered indicating that this marking method is suitable for practical use for mark-recapture surveys for devil stinger.
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  • Effects of Prey Density and Feeding Schedule of Rotifers and Artemia on Survival, Moulting and Growth of Larval Snow Crab Chionoecetes opilio Reared in the Laboratory
    Takayuki Kogane, Shigeki Dan, Katsuyuki Hamasaki
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 357-362
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.357
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    Zoeae of snow crab Chionoecetes opilio, which has two zoeal stages, were reared under different densities of rotifers Brachionus plicatilis sp. complex and feeding schedules of rotifers and Artemia sp. After metamorphosing to megalopae, larvae were fed with Artemia sp. to reach first stage crabs. The survival rate to reach each stage, mortality rate during megalopae, abnormal moulting rate to first stage crabs and carapace width of first stage crabs were examined. Lower survival rates and longer developmental periods were observed in larvae reared at lower prey densities (5 and 10 rotifers/ml) than those at higher prey densities (20 and 40 rotifers/ml). Larval survival, development and growth tended to be improved when they were fed with rotifers and Artemia throughout the entire zoeal stage compared to those fed with only rotifers and Artemia throughout the entire zoeal stage and/or during the second zoeal stage.
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  • Morphological and Cytochemical Characteristics of Leukocytes in Sevenband Grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus
    Masakazu Kondo, Keita Kondo, Yukinori Takahashi
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 363-371
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.363
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    Morphological characteristics of leukocytes from sevenband grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus (MA-HA-TA in Japanese) peripheral blood were examined using multiple Romanowsky-type stain valuation. Lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil and two types of eosinophil were observed in the blood of the grouper. Lymphocyte had a round to oval nucleus with coarse chromatin-mesh. Cytoplasm contained some basophilic granule (lymphocyte basophilic granule, LBG). Monocyte had round to lobule-shaped nucleus with fine chromatin-mesh. Two types of granules, monocyte major granule (MMG) and monocyte minor granule (MmG) were observed in the cytoplasm. The latter granule was stained reddish purple with May-Grünwald (MG) and MG-Giemsa (MGG) or colorless with Giemsa. Neutrophil were polymorphonuclear and contained round to oval chromophobic granule (βG) and Yasumoto body. Eosinophil had round to oval nucleus, eosinophilic granule and classified into two categories, type 1 and type 2. The former had round granule, the latter had rod-shaped granule. Cytochemical characteristics of the leukocytes were also examined.
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  • Effect of Low Salinity on Growth and Survival of Tiger Puffer Takifugu rubripes, and the Purification of Rearing Water in Closed Recirculating Seed Production
    Tadashi Imai, Daisuke Arai, Tetsuo Morita, Takayuki Kogane, Yoshihisa ...
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 373-380
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.373
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    We investigated the effect of salinity on the growth and survival of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes, and the purification of rearing water in closed recirculating seed production. Newly hatched larvae were put into the four rearing tanks with the closed recirculating system. We used the seawater (salinity 32 psu), and the three diluted seawaters (24, 16 and 8 psu) as rearing water. Rearing water was not changed until 10 days after hatching, and it was circulated from 11 days after hatching. Survival rates of fish were obtained 14.8% at 32 psu, 20.3% at 24 psu and 24.9% at 16 psu, when rearing was continued to 40 days after hatching. Rearing at 8 psu was discontinued because of catch an amyloodiniosis in 36 days after hatching. Final mean total length of tiger puffer reared at 16 psu and 24 psu were 27.3 mm and 27.6 mm, respectively. These were significantly larger than fish reared at 32 psu, which was 25.2 mm. In rearing water of all salinity conditions, ammonia concentrations were maintained low levels and nitrate concentrations increased gradually after recirculation beginning. This result confirmed the nitrification. Volume of foam separation waste water at 8 psu clearly had little in comparison with others. Therefore, optimum salinity for seed production of tiger puffer, taking into account the purification of rearing water, is considered as 16 psu, in the closed recirculating system which was used in this study.
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  • Spawning Habitat Characteristics of White-spotted Charr Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius in the Tributaries of the Aburuma Stream in the Shinano River System
    Yasunori Takeuchi
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 381-385
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.381
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    I investigated the characteristics of the spawning habitat of the white-spotted charr Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius in the Nishi River, an upper tributary of the Shinano river system in central Japan. The depth of the spawning site was 13.5-54.5 cm, and the water current velocity was 10 cm/s or less. The redds at this site were located either at the sides of pools or near boulders in the pools; furthermore, 50% of the redds were located under rock cover. Charr redds mainly appear as pebbles with a median diameter of 16≤X<64 mm. These characteristics are similar to those of white-spotted charr redds found in other regions in Japan. The charr may spawn in areas where the environmental conditions, including the substratum, water depth, current velocity, and rock cover, are suitable.
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  • Physiological Impacts of High Rearing Density on Chum Salmon Oncorhynchus keta Fry
    Shinya Mizuno, Miyuki Nakajima, Kazuaki Naito, Tatsuya Koyama, Hayato ...
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 387-399
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.387
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    In our study, the impacts of high rearing density on physiology were studied to establish a method to decide aggravation of health status in chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta fry. The 2000 (40 kg/m3), 1000 (20 kg/m3) and 500 (10 kg/m3) fry weighing 1.04±0.10 g were held in each of the same three 50 l acrylic tanks and cultured with feeding for 42 days. The values of the 40 and 20 kg groups were compared to those of the 10 kg group (control; healthy fish) in all parameters. Increased carcass adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content, which possibly suggest enhanced excretion of foreign substances, and a decreased carcass ATP synthase (AST) transcript level in response to increased ATP content were found before depressed growth and immune function in both the 40 and 20 kg groups, although these changes were not observed in the 10 kg group. No effects of fish growth on the two parameters were observed, which meant that increased ATP content and decreased AST transcript level depended on aggravation of health status. These results suggest that carcass ATP content and AST transcript level are appropriate parameters that reveal aggravation of health status resulting from high density in chum salmon fry.
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  • The Long-Term Fluctuation and Recent Characteristics in the Number of Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis Caught in the Shimanto River
    Kensaku Azuma
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 401-410
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.401
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    The long-term fluctuation of the population of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis was analyzed from the catch abundance in three markets (upper, middle and lower site) along the Shimanto River during 1977-2009. The catch number showed a similar fluctuation in the three markets, and the decline of catch after 2003 was noticeable. However, there were some differences among the three markets; that is, the long-term decline of catch was most remarkable at the lower site, and the annual catch variability was the largest at the middle site. The results of analysis of the catch number in the three markets suggested that a strong catch and poor rainfall in October would cause a decline of ayu stock in the following season. Therefore, the catch number of the early-spawning population, should be controlled considering the amount of rainfall in the spawning season (especially in October), for successive preservation of the native ayu stock in the Shimanto River.
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  • Influence of Cholestyramine Supplemented to a Casein-based Semi-purified Diet and Soya Saponin and Soya Isoflavone Supplemented to a Soy Protein Concentrate-based Diet on Liver Morphology of Fingerling Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Yasuro Iwashita, Nobuhiro Suzuki, Hiroyuki Matsunari, Hirofumi Furuita ...
    2010 Volume 58 Issue 3 Pages 411-419
    Published: September 20, 2010
    Released on J-STAGE: October 05, 2012
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11233/aquaculturesci.58.411
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    To investigate the cause of changes occurred in the liver morphology of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, fed defatted soybean meal (SBM)-based non-fish meal diets, a casein-based semi-purified diet supplemented with cholestyramine (CH) and a soy protein concentrate-based diet supplemented with soya saponin and soya isoflavone (SPC+Sa+I) were fed to rainbow trout for 10 weeks. An unsupplemented casein-based diet (Cont), an unsupplemented SPC-based diet (SPC) and a SBM-based diet were also tested as references. Five of seven liver samples from fish fed a SBM-based diet showed severe morphological change (e.g., atrophy of hepatocytes). Only one of seven liver samples from fish fed diet SPC showed the severe morphological changes. However, five liver samples from this diet group showed normal features observed in fish fed diet Cont. Three of seven liver samples from fish fed diet CH and diet SPC+Sa+I showed the severe morphological changes, although three liver samples from these diet groups showed normal features. These results suggest that a combined effect of alcohol soluble substances such as soya saponin and an unidentified substance in SPC having bile acid binding ability like cholestyramine is probably responsible for the occurrence of atrophy of hepatocytes in rainbow trout fed SBM-based diets.
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