Asthma bronchiale is a disease that we can see it in every age group, but their is remarkable difference according to the ages of patients in the rate of oneset of the disease and in it's symptomes. 1) Oneset of the disease was most frequent below ten years of age, and after this it decreases gradually with the increase of ages. 2) The average of erythrocyte sedimentation rate was 8.1 mm in the first decade. After ten years of age it increased gradually, and particulary in the group over 61 years of age it showed the valance of 50.5 mm per one hour. 3) Eosinophilia was found in 65.8 per cent of the patients under 40 years of age and in 25.4 per cent of the patients over 40 years of age. 4) The incidence of positive family history of allergy was 65.8 per cent in the group under 40 years old and was 46.2 per cent in the older age group. Hereditary disposition was found more densely in the younger age groups, and it happened in 73.1 per cent of the patients below ten years of age. The Occurence of patient's own personal history of allergy was also perdominated in the younger groups. 5) Seasonal occurence of attacks was most frequent in the patients under ten years old. Eighty two per cent of the patients in the first decade showed seasonality of their attacks, its percentage reduced as the age advanced, but after 50 years of age it rised again owing to the increase of infections of respiratory tracts. 6) House dust showed the highest incidence of positive immediate skin reactions of all antigens tested. Skin reaction was also found to be positive in 31.4 per cent of the patients under 40 years of age and 17.8 per cent of the patients in the older group. Delayed type skin reaction showed no defference in both groups in it's positive occurence. 7) It was remarkable that using Praunitz-Kustner technic reagin was very frequently found in the sera of the elder asthmatics who showed negative skin reaction to house dust antigen. It was also demonstrated that the sera of positive reaction to bacterial antigens showed a high incidence of positive Prausnitz-Kustner reactions. In conclusion, asthma in older patients is scanty of allergic characters, and oppositely it is rich in infections symptomes. This characteristics of old asthmatics are not owing to the lack of reagins. Actually reagins can be found frequently in their sera. It is not proved that infectious type asthma is brought by infectious allergy which may accompany the delayed hypersensitivity. It seems probable that bacteria in the respiratory tracts of asthmatics are playing some role at inhalant allergens which produce immediate type skin reactions.

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Since Medawar et al.(1954)demonstrated adoptively acquired immunity in allogeneic transplantation by living sensitized lymphoid cells, many investigators have confirmed that cell-bound antibody is responsible for allograft rejection reaction and for delayed-type hypersensitivity in allograft immunity. Serum antibody, on the contrary, has generally been accepted to play a major role in xenogeneic transplantation. Although participation of cell-bound antibody has not been considered in xenograft immunity, it appears to be valuable for understanding the mechanism functioning in delayed-type reaction to investigate cell-bound antibody as well as humoral antibody in xenograft immunity. In guinea pigs transplanted with skin xenografts from C57BL mouse, delayed-type skin reaction was evoked by intradermal injection of C57BL spleen cell extract 7 to 10 days after the 1st-set grafting. Then, immediate-type reaction waso bserved 10 days after the 2nd-, and 3rd-set grafting. In the 3rd-set xenografting that revealed immediate-type skin reaction, precipitating antibody in the serum was demonstrated in capillary method and in double gel diffusion. The antibody was identified as IgG on immunoelectrophoretic analysis. In the 1st-set grafting that revealed delayed-type skin reaction, low levels of antibody activities in cytotoxic test and IAHA (immune-adherence hemagglutination) were shown in the serum. But no precipitating antibody was detected. By the method of antibody dissociation with hypertonic saline, antibody-like globulin was obtained from washed lymph node cells of the guinea pigs immunized with 1st-set xenograft. This globulin showed flocculation reaction instead of precipitation against C57BL tissue extract, and the antibody was identified as IgM on immunoelectrophoresis. Such as antibody was absorbed with a large amount of allogeneic gunea pig node cells. The evidences obtained in these experiments indicated that mechanism of delayed-type reaction functions in the early stage of xenograft immunity and the cell-bound antibody would be a cross-reacting antibody as proposed by Nelson, R. A., Jr. and demonstrated by Fujii et al. in allograft immunity in mice.

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Since the start of the Allergy Centre here, the hyposensitization treatment has been carried out in asthmatic patients. In this report the author reports about the results of clinical studies on the effect of hyposensitization treatment during the past three years and a half. The allergen extracts (the greater part being sold, and partly self-prepared) applied to this therapy. And they were house dust, common ragweed pollen, cat's-tail pollen, cryptomeria pollen, silk, mulberry timber, tea, mixed bacteria, aspergillus mould, and so on. The patients were injected intracutaneously the initial dosage of allergen extract as much as 0.02 cc of 10% dilution of threshold to positive intracutaneous reaction(the greatest antigen dilution). The injections were carried out two times a week, and the dosage was increased step by step(about 50% every time)to reach to the maintenance dosage. It was 96 cases who were treated with hyposensitization therapy. But in 25 cases the injections were withheld within 3 months(3 cases presenting severe local reaction or asthmatic attack immediately after injection), and 11 cases were suitably reserved to estimate the effect of the treatment. Therefore, it was after all 60 cases that were the object to be estimated the effect of hyposensitization treatment. Favourable effects(marked effects as in the following parentheses) were observed in 60.0%(30.0%)of serious 10 cases, in 65.2%(34.8%)of 46 middle-grade serious cases, in 100% of 4 less serious cases, and to sum up all, in 66.7%(38.3%)of the total 60 cases, especially in 70.3%(40.7%)of the 27 subjects whose clinical schedule was regularly checked for over one year at least. The above mentioned result of our study on the clinical effects of hyposensitization treatment was nearly the same as were reported by many other preceding investigators. The proper quantity of antigen extract as maintenance dosage was different case by case. In majority of the subjects the dilution of 10^-2〜10^-3 was appropriate for this purpose, while the dilution of 10^-1 was applied to some cases. And it is necessary not to be over dosage. As to the period of duration, the author considers that the hyposensitization therapy should be continued as long as possible in case the favourable effect is gained. It is because in some cases asthmatic attacks disappeared while this treatment was carried on for a year to three years and two months, in contrast, however, in some cases taking a favourable course with the hyposensitization treatment, asthmatic attacks began to break out again few months after the stop of this therapy.

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Allergic roles of staphylococuss aureus in human diseases and sensitized animals were studied. Anti-α-hemolysin titers (ASTa) in sera of patients with various diseases were measued. 1) ASTa was found to be highest in diseases of urinary tracts, osteomyelitis and postsurgical pyogenic diseases. Respiratory disease, rheumatic fever and diabetes also showed relatively high titers of ASTa. Other diseases generally showed low titers, but some of the patients with hepatic or gastric carcinoma and acute glomerulonephritis showed high titers. 2) There could not be found a very intimate relationshipe between ASTa and staphylococci detected in the clinical specimens, but in urinary tract infections the staphylococcus positive group showed higer titers than the bacteria negative group. In other diseases patients with marked high titers of ASTa generally showed positive staphylococcus cultures.

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Rabbits were sensitized with cells of staphylococcus or its α-hemolysin, principal pathological findings were as follows. The kidney of rabbits presented the changes of glomerulitis. That were enlargement of capillary tufts, adhesion of the tufts with Bowman's capsules, and mild grade of thickening of the basement membrance of the tufts. These changes were enhanced by combined treatment of staphylococcus sensitization with small quantities of the nephrotoxic serum, and the changes similar to chronic glomerulonephritis was also produced. Some of the α-hemolysin sensitized animals showed a marked proliferation of epitheloid or fibroblastic cells which protruded in alveoli and occupied its lumens(Masson body like masses).

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In an attempt to clarify antibodies produced by pathogenic fungi and their immunologic activities, several experiments were maid. This paper deals with fractionation and purification procedures of the immunoglobulins from anti-Candida albicans and anti-Aspergillus fumigatus rabbit sera and their electrophoretic patterns. In the DEAE-cellulose column chromatogram of the crude gammaglobulins obtained from the anti-C. albicans and anti-A. fumigatus sera by ammonium sulfate fractionation were seen seven peaks, IgG-1, IgG-2, IgA-1, IgA-2, IgA-3, IgM-1 and IgM-2 fractions and five peaks, IgG-1, IgA-1, IgA-3, IgM-1 and IgM-2 fractions, respectively, which were temporarily designated for convenience. The main component was the IgG-1 fraction appropriate to so-called IgG antibody, a main component of any immunoglobulins, either, and the IgA-3 and IgM-1 fractions were also recognized to exist in considerable amount, especially, in case of Aspergillus globulin. Thus it is to be noted that the immunoglobulins from anti-fungus sera are characteristic in quality and quantity, compared with those of any other orgin.

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In view of the present status that preventive and curative effects of anti-fungus sera and their antibody components have not been clarified yet, the authors attempted to investigate such effects of the IgG-1, IgA-3, and IgM-1 components from the anti-Candida albicans and anti-Aspergillus fumigatus rabbit sera described in the preceding paper^* against the experimental infections of mice with organisms of their respective strains. One mg of the antibody components was intraperitoneally administeted to each mouse of DD strain each once before and after the intravenous challenge with 1×10^6 yeast cells of C. albicance C-a-13 strain and also with the same number of conidia of A. fumigatus As-f-6 strain. In the both infections, all the treated groups of mice were significantly smaller in mortality than the non-treated control ones;the IgG-1 fraction exhibited the most conspicuous preventive effect, the IgM-1 came next and the IgA-3 showed only a slight degree of activity. ^*It is in press in this journal.

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In an attempt to investigate the responsibility of antibodies of anti-fungus sera for hypersensitivity in mycotic infections, were performed experiments by means of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis technique. As antibodies were used the IgG, IgA and IgM components from the anti-Candida albicans C-a-13 strain and anti-Aspergillus fumigatus As-f-6 strain rabbit sera described in the previous paper^* in various contents and as antigens the cell-free extracts in 10 μg N obtained from the cultures of the respective strains employed in immunization mixed with Evans blue. Test animals were guinea pigs. The results obtained were as follows. In the both homologous antigen-antibody systems, the IgG-1 antibody proved the most active in PCA reaction, whereas the IgA and IgM antibodies were not so active as to all their fractions, positive in 1-10 μg N. Thus it might be concluded that IgG antibody is mainly responsible for hypersensitivity in terms of PCA reaction in pathogenic fungi and IgA and IgM antibodies do not play an important role in this property, as far as the test strains of C. albicans and A. fumigatus are concerned at least. ^*It is press in this journal.

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Passive transfer of tuberculin hypersensitivity was studied by using a diffusion chamber, through which proteins were permeable but a cell was not. Peritoneal cells of guinea pigs which were sensitized with heatkilled tubercle bacilli suspended in liquid paraffin were enclosed in a diffusion chamber and inserted in peritoneal cavities of normal recipient guinea pigs. The tuberculin skin reaction of the recipient animals turned to positive, when the number of cells were the order of 10^8 or more. Furthermore, the increase of an oxgen consumption, the cytolysis and the tuberculin neutralizing activity of the peritoneal cells of passively sensitized recipient animals were recognized by adding tuberculin in the cell suspension. These phenomena, however, were not recognized in liver, spleen, lymph node and peripheral white blood cells of these passively sensitized animals. It was also recognized that the tuberculin hypersensitivity was transfered from the sensitized cells to the peritoneal cells, the spleen cells, and the lymphocytes of non-sensitized guinea pigs, when the non-sensitized cells were incubated and shaked in vitro with the diffusion chamber in which the sensitized cells were enclosed. From the results mentioned above, it is concluded that the tuberculin hypersensitivity can be transfered to the peritoneal cells of the recipient by the sensitized cells through the membrance of a diffusion chamber, and that the cells of recipient themselve take a part in the tuberculin skin reaction of the recipient animals.

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