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Volume 37, Issue 5
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages Cover21-
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (74K) -
Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages Cover22-
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (74K) -
[in Japanese]Article type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 245-249
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (702K) -
Yuichi Adachi, Gyokei Murakami, Masatomo Matsuno, Yohko Saeki, Masako ...Article type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 250-255
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine bronchial hypersensitivity in infants and toddlers, one hundred sixty-four children in total (0-3 years of age, the real number was one hundred twenty-eight), consisting of ninety-eight children with bronchial asthma (including ten with suspected asthma), thirty-seven with atopic dermatitis, three with allergic rhinitis, ten with respiratory tract infection, eight with chronic cough and eight controls were evaluated by histamine inhalation test. We used the method previously reported for examining bronchial hypersensitivity by measuring the transcutaneous oxygen pressure. The respiratory thresholds to histamine in asthma, atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinintis were significantly lower than in controls (p<0.001, p<0.01, p<0.05), respectively. But there were some subjects (n=35) without bronchial hypersensitivity in the asthma group, and some (n=18) with hypersensitivity in the atopic dermatitis group. Among the asthmatics without bronchial hypersensitivity, there were eight with suspected asthma, two with suspected asthma who had hypersensitivity after the development of obvious asthma and nineteen who had hypersensitivity during the follow-up. Among the subjects with atopic dermatitis who had had bronchial hypersensitivity, there were five who began to demonstrate symptoms of asthma during the follow-up and six with a positive family history of asthma. In the respiratory tract infection and chronic cough groups, there were some children (n=6, 2) who had bronchial hypersensitivity.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Kazuo Kawakatsu, Masaharu Takeyama, Mitsuru KawaiArticle type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 256-264
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption characteristics of theophylline from sustained-release formulations, Theodur^[○!R]100, Theodur^[○!R]200, Theona^[○!R]P and halved (cut in half) Theodur^[○!R]100, were compared in eight healthy adult male nonsmokers receiving single oral doses on a randomized-crossover bases. There were no significant differences in the area under the serum concentration-time curves among these formulations. The maximal serum concentration (Cmax) of theophylline in halved Theodur^[○!R]100 was significantly higher, and the time taken to reach Cmax (Tmax) in whole and halved Theodur^[○!R]100 was significantly shorter than in Theodur^[○!R]200 which showed no significant differences in these parameters from Theona^[○!R]P. It was possible to analyze the absorption process of theophylline from these sustained-release formulations based on both zero-order and first-order absorption kinetic models, Probably due to prolonged absorption. The order of magnitude in absorption rate constants was as follows: halved Theodur^[○!R]100>Theodur^[○!R]100>Theona^[○!R]P≒Theodur^[○!R]200. This finding was in good agreement with that judged from the values of Cmax and Tmax. Although the values of absorption rate constants for Theodur^[○!R]100 resulted in a 24% increase by cutting it in two equal parts, adequate sustained-release properties were maintained in halved Theodur^[○!R]100. These results suggest that each formulation is equivalent in the extent of bioavailability but not in the rate of bioavailability. In order to choose the appropriate product, it could be necessary to grasp the differences in absorption characteristics among sustained-release theopyllline formulations considering the elimination rate of the drug in individual patients.View full abstractDownload PDF (1141K) -
Niroku Koya, Masaoki Mizutani, Akihiko Tateno, Shin-ichiro Suzuki, Kou ...Article type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 265-273
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor investigating influence of physical and environmental factors on the severity in children's asthma, we analysed 226 asthmatic children data with clinical history and other laboratory findings by Multiple Factor Analysis method type II and III. 1) The result of type II method: We investigated the difference between mild group and moderate+severe group by type II method. The physical factors (E.I.A., family history of allergy) had a great influence on the difference of 2 groups as compared with environmental factors except oldness of building. 2) The result of type III method: The physical factors and environmental factors had a faint influence on the asthmatic severity in mild group. In moderate group, the physical factors had a great influence but environmental factors had a faint influence. In severe group, both factors had a great influence on asthmatic severity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1377K) -
Isoko Kamiya, Mitsuru Adachi, Akira Okazawa, Toshimichi Imai, Youko Ok ...Article type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 274-282
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of PAF inhalation on the airway was studied in 15 beagles. Firstly, the respiratory resistance (Rrs) was measured by Astograph (7Hz oscillation method) before and 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 min after PAF inhalation in order to study the acute effect of PAF on the airway in 5 beagles. Inhalation of PAF resulted in a transient bronchoconstriction as assessed by Rrs that rose to a maximum at 5 min (p<0.01) and returned to the baseline from 30 min to 60 min after PAF inhalation. In a subsequent step, the airway responsiveness to methacholine was measured by Astograph before and 1 and 6 hours after PAF inhalation in the other 10 beagles. Inhalation of PAF induced airway hyperresponsiveness (p<0.01) that was associated with the increase of TxB_2 in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). A significant increase in the number of neutrophils in BALF was found at 1 and 6 hours after PAF inhalation (p<0.01), and there was a significant increase in the number of eosinophils in BALF at 6 hours after PAF inhalation (p<0.01). These results suggest that the airway hyperresponsiveness induced by PAF inhalation may depend on the generation of TxA_2 and airway infammation caused by cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils.View full abstractDownload PDF (1060K) -
Kayo Shonai, Tadao Okamura, Yoshio TakeuchiArticle type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 283-293
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe single muscle cells, from taenia coli of guinea pig, obtained by the enzymatic digestion, were used for a study on the mechanism of the development of an anaphylatic contraction. A cumulative frequency distribution curve (CFD curve) was computed from the cell length and the number of cells with such length. The rate of change in the mean cell length was used as an index of the contractile response. The contractile response to histamine or serotonin was maximized within 30 seconds. The rate of maximum decrease of the cell length after application of 9.0 × 10^<-5> M histamine or 5.7 × 10^<-4> M serotonin was 36% or 37%, respectively. The histamine or serotonin-induced contraction was competitively inhibited by the each specific antagonist. On the other hand, in response to antigen (1% EA) application, the CFD curve shifrted parallel to the left, accompanying a decrease of mean cell length by 36%. The kinetic changes in the length and width in the single cells were observed microscopically after the application of the contractile agents. Since a single smooth muscle cell was used in the present study, it was revealed that the occurrence of anaphylactic contraction was due to an antigen-antibody reaction on the cell membrane of single smooth muscle cells. This experimental method seems to be a simplified model for studies of the cellular level on the mechanism of the Schultz-Dale reaction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1491K) -
Hirokazu Nakamine, Toru Takenaka, Jiro Maeda, Koichi KuribayashiArticle type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 294-300
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been demonstrated that immunization of mice with tetanus toxoid induces both antigen-specific IgE Production and eosinophil response in the peritoneal cavity, i.e., the site of antigen challenge. The present experiment was performed to characterize the intraperitoneal eosinophil response. It was found that the response was seen five days {10 days or later in cyclophosphamide (Cy)-treated mice} after antigen challenge, was associated with an increase of mononuclear cells, was seen as an antigen-specific manner, and could be transferred to syngeneic naive mice by immunized Thy-1.2-positive spleen cells. It is evident by these findings that the response is regulated by T cells mediating delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. Bone marrow eosinophil response, on the other hand, was characterized as antigen-nonspecific and adjuvantindependent. However, the response was also dependent on Thy-1.2-positive cells and was enhanced by Cy. These indicate that eosinophil production may be regulated immunologically at the level different from that for intraperitoneal eosinophil response.View full abstractDownload PDF (709K) -
Kazuhide Yamane, Takayuki Matsumura, Hiroshi Suzuki, Ichiro Kono, Heih ...Article type: Article
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 301-308
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe leukotriene C_4 (LCT_4) releasing capacities of calcium ionophore A23187 stimulated human monocytes were studied using specific radioimmunoassay in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and normal controls. In 7 normal controls, monocytes (1×10^6) released larger amounts of LTC_4 (6.9 ± 1.4ng) than polymorphonuclear leukocytes (1.5 ± 0.8ng) (p<0.01). LTC_4 release from monocytes in 30 SLE patients (3.6 ± 1.6ng) was decreased compared with that in 16 normal controls (6.7 ± 1.6ng) (p<0.001). LTC_4 release in 18 patients with active disease and that in 12 patients with inactive disease was similar, being 3.2 ± 1.5ng and 4.1 ± 1.6ng, respectively. LTC_4 release was studied vertically in six patients when they were taking 30 mg/day of prednisolone and when they were taking no prednisolone. There was no difference in LTC_4 release regardless of the prednisolone doses. These findings support the concept that monocytes from SLE patients have intrinsic defects in producing mediators of immuno-regulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 309-
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages 310-312
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (275K) -
Article type: Cover
1988 Volume 37 Issue 5 Pages Cover23-
Published: May 30, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (388K)
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