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Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages Cover13-
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages Cover14-
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (540K) -
Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages App4-
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Toshio Numao, Takeshi Fukuda, Akira Hirata, Hironori Sagara, Keiko Maj ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 93-99
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo evaluate the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, we measured eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), one of the eosinophil granule proteins. Serum ECP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay in asthmatic (n=59) and non-asthmatic (n=47) patients. Preliminary study showed that ECP levels were time-dependently increased in the blood samples until 3 hr. Based on these findingd, we determined to measure serum ECP levels at 30 min after blood sampling. Serum ECP levels and blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic patients were significantly higher than those in non-asthmatic patients (p < 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between serum ECP levels and blood eosinophil counts in patients with asthma (r=0.46, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in either serum ECP levels or blood eosinophil counts in asthmatic patients classified by clinical type and severity. Blood eosinophil counts in patients with asthma attacks were significantly greater than in those in remission (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed in serum ECP levels between these groups, suggesting an enhanced elimination of ECP during attack. Serum alpha-2 macroglobulins, which bind to ECP and may function as scavengers for ECP, were not significantly different in these group. These results suggest that serum ECP levels may not be a direct indicator of eosinophil activation or degranulation in the pathogenesis of asthma.View full abstractDownload PDF (708K) -
Shinji Motojima, Kinji Tateishi, Atsushi Kushima, Yuji Ohashi, Takeshi ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 100-107
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the characteristics of patients with bronchial asthma is activation of eosinophils in the bronchi, which can be evaluated by measuring concentrations of the cationic granule proteins. Sputum seems to be the best material to evaluate the activation of eosinophils in the bronchi because it can be collected easily from the same patient every day even if he (she) has an asthmatic attack. Recently it has become possible to measure the concentration of the eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) thanks to the availability of the ECP RIA kit. However no fundamental studies have been carried out on the handling of sputum srimples, and whether only ECP released into sputum is measured. We prepared supernatants of sputum samples according to the method of Gleich and others by adding the same volume of physiological saline, mixing it for one minute by a vortex mixer and centrifuging at 40000 ×g, 4 C, for 30 minutes. We found that the measurement of ECP is not inhibited by materials in sputum supernatants through a dilution test and a recovery test. We also found that the followings did not influence the measurement of ECP; the times of dilution, the duration from collection to handing of sputum, the solution added to sputum, and the gravity of centrifugation. In addition, it was suggested that only ECP released into sputum is measurable from the results of an electron microscopic study and the measurement of ECP after centrifugation following the addition of white blood cells to sputum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1635K) -
Yasutsugu Fukushima, Takeshi Fukuda, Souhei MakinoArticle type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 108-116
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) separated from patients with asthma who were sensitive to Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) were cultured in α-medium for 5 days at 37℃ in 5% CO_2, in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml of Df antigen. Eosinophils were purified from the peripheral blood of patients with eosinophilia who were not sensitive to Df. Eosinophil chemotactic activity (ECA) was tested using a modified Boyden chamber method. ECA in the supernatant of PBMC stimulated with Df antigen was detectable after 24 hrs, peaked at 72 hrs and continued throughout the experiment. ECA was not observed in the supernatant of PBMC culture from subjects who were not sensitive to Df, and negligible activity was also observed when PBMC were stimulated with an unrelated antigen. The activity was unchanged by heating at 56℃ for 30 min, but was inactivated at 100℃ for 10 min. CV-6209, a specific PAF antagonist, failed to inhibit this chemotactic activity. The molecular weight of this eosinophil chemotactic factor (ECF) was greater than 30,000 daltons as determined by an ultrafiltration study. In conclusion, these data suggest that in asthmatic patients sensitive to Dermatophagoides farinae mononucler cells stimulated with a related antigen produce one of cytokine(s) which possess(es) ECA, and may play an important role in the recruitment of eosinophils in chronic asthma.View full abstractDownload PDF (1063K) -
Takashi Yamada, Takeshi Mishima, Yoji IkuraArticle type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 117-125
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn roder to investigate the mechanism of exercise-induced asthma (EIA) from the aspect of eosinophil function, we determined the changes in the peripheral eosionphil count and the specific gravity of the eosinophils in EIA patients, and also as a parameter of endocrine function, we determined the serum cortisol level. All parameters were analyzed in respect to time before and after inducement of exercise. The subjects selected for this study were 14 asthmatic children, an EIA positive group consisting of 8 subjects and 6 subjects in an EIA negative group. Eosinophil counts with a specific gravity less than 1.0825 gm/ml were recorded in respect to the time sequence of 15, 30, and 60 minutes after inducement of exercise. The eosinophil counts recorded were significantly higher in the EIA positive group in comparison to the EIA negative group. With progression of time after inducement of exercise, the number of eosinophils observed with a specific gravity of less than 1.0825 gm/ml tended to increase in the EIA positive group when compared to the results recorded before inducement of exercise. In respect to the course of time, 15 minutes after inducement of exercise, the serum cortisol level tended to decrease. At the point of 7 hours after inducement of exercise, the serum cortisol levels in the EIA positive group were significantly lower than the EIA negative group. These findings suggest that eosinophils and the endocrine system play an important role in EIA.View full abstractDownload PDF (890K) -
Shigenobu Umeki, Kohji Hashiguchi, Niro Okimoto, Rinzo SoejimaArticle type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 126-131
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRegarding 249 bronchial asthma patients having been admitted to our division for the recent 9 years, clinical manifestations of 8 bronchial asthma with primary lung cancer (group A; squamous cell carcinoma-5 cases, adenocarcinoma-2 cases, small cell carcinoma-1 cases; 3.2% of 249 cases) and 8 asthma patients with extrathoracic malignancy (group B; gastric cancer-3 cases, malignant lymphoma-2 cases, bladder cancer-1 case, laryngeal cancer-1 case, prostatic cancer-1 case) were investigated. In group A, the mean of asthmatic history was 19 years and all cases were associated with respiratory tract infections. Three of 8 patients, were mild type and other 5 were moderate type. In group B, the mean of asthmatic history was 20 years and all cases were involved with respiratory tract infections. Five of 8 patients were mild type and other 3 were moderate type. The mean smoking (Brinkmann) index (1194) in group A was significantly higher than that (166) in 241 asthmatic patients without lung cancer or that (169) in group B. The median survival duration (more than 26 months) of group A patients was significantly lower than that (more than 77 months) of group B. These results suggested that, in many bronchial asthma patients accompanied by primary lung cancer who have adult-typed infectious asthmatic history, smoking exposure and aging are deeply related to the development of lung cancer.View full abstractDownload PDF (555K) -
Yoji Iikura, Minoru Baba, Haruki Mikawa, Sankei Nishima, Kazuichi Maed ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 132-140
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany asthmatic children have experienced atopic dermatitis in their younger days. As it is very difficult to cure childhood asthma we attempted to determine the anti-allergic drug effects in preventing the development of asthma by using ketotifen on atopic dermatitis patients. The study was designed as a placebo controlled double blind trial of 128 atopic dermatitid patients aged from 2〜34 months. 91 patients were given complete analysis in the study, 33 patients were given only a safety rate and 4 patients were dropped. The 91 patients were followed for 52 weeks. Our primary finding was that the development of bronchial asthma was inhibited in the ketotifen group compared to the placebo controlled group with a statistically significant degree (p < 0.001). We also found that clinical symptoms of atopic dermatitis were significantly improved in the ketotifen group (p < 0.001). Only 5 patients complained of mild side effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (863K) -
Masafumi Arima, Tatsuo Yukawa, Yoshinori Terashi, Hironori Sagara, Soh ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 141-146
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPlatelet activating factor, a potent chemical mediator, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma in terms of inflammatory cell recruitment and activation. We have recently demonstrated that repeated antigen (ovalbumin; OA) exposure by inhalation to guinea pigs results in a development of late asthmatic response (LAR) in more than 50% of the animals and significant increase in airway hyperresponsiveness (AH). We have studied the effect of WEB 2086, a specific PAF receptor-antagonist, on this model. Respiratoly resistance (Res) of guinea pigs was measured by a oscillation technique and AH was evaluated by the provocative concentration of aerosols of histamine causing 200% increase of Rrs over the baseline Rrs (PC_<200> Hist). Four out of 5 actively sensitized and diphenhydramine-pretreated animals developed LAR 3 to 9 hr after allergen (20 mg/ml OA, 10 min inhalation)-induced immediate bronchoconstriction (LAR). Treatment with WEB 2086 (3 mg/kg intravenously) 30 min before and 3 hr after the exposure suppressed LAR clearly without affecting the IAR. Significant increase in AH from 2.80±0.03 to 2.51±0.01 and 2.60±0.08 (p < 0.05, n=8) of PC_<200> Hist (mg/ml, log) was observed 24 hr and 5 day after the OA exposure, respectively. The WEB 2086 treatment also prevented the increase of AH after the OA exposure (PC_<200> Hist; 2.82±0.09 before the challenge 2.80±0.07 and 2.75±0.09 24hr and 5 days after, respectively. n=8). Administration of WEB 2086 did not affect baseline Rrs and PC_<200> Hist in normal guinea pigs without any antigen challenge. We conclude that WEB 2086 is capable of preventing the development of LAR and increase in AH, and thus PAF may play an important causal role in LAR and increased AH observed in asthma.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Tomoyo MatsubaraArticle type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 147-154
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInterleukin 6 (IL-6) activities and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in serum were determined in 25 patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), 9 with measles, 8 with anaphylactoid purpura (AP), and in healthy children. IL-6 activity in the sera Was assayed by a colourimetric assay using a murine IL-6-dependent hybridoma clone, MH60. BSF-2. Serum levels of TNF-α were measured by a sandwich enzyme immunoassay. IL-6 activity in the sera of patients with KD and measles was seen to increase during the acute stage. However, IL-6 activity in the sera of AP patients did not increase during the active stage. IL-6 activity in the sera of KD patients correlated with serum CRP levels and the maximum platelet counts during the course of illness. Serum TNF-α levels in patients with KD and AP but not measles increased during the acute stage. Since the pathogenesis of KD is systemic vasculitis with severe inflammation and thrombocytosis, the combination of IL-6, which may be responsible for severe inflammation, and TNF-α, which may be responsible for severe vascular injury, does play an important role in acute KD.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Makoto HonmaArticle type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 155-159
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSU937, the human monocytic cell line does not have the ability to generate free radicals. However, this cell can be differentiate into a monocyte by stimulation with phorbol esters. In this study, whether differentiated U937 could generate free radicals upon stimulation with chemotactic peptide was examined. The amount of surface protein which was related to the generation of free radicals was quantitated using a monoclonal antibody, termed TM2, which reacted with free radical-associated proteins. There was great augmentation of TM2-associated protein in differentiated U937 cells compared with undifferentiated U937 cells. There were slight differences in the molecular weight of the TM2-associated protein among undifferentiated U937 cells, differentiated U937 cells and granulocytes. It seems necessary to increase some specific protein on the surface of U937 cells in order to generate free radicals.View full abstractDownload PDF (670K) -
Kazuyoshi Kurashima, Haruhiko Ogawa, Takio Ohka, Masaki Fujimura, Tamo ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 160-163
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pulmonary surfactant is thought to be important in the stability of the small airways. In this study, we conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether surfactant inhalation has a therapeutic effect in asthmatic attack. Eleven patients with asthmatic attack whose conditions were stable for at least six hours before the study were randomly assigned to placebo or surfactant inhalation. Respiratory function tests and blood gas analysis were performed before and 20 minutes after the treatment. After placebo administration, no significant change was observed from baseline in pulmonary functions. After surfactant administration (1 ml; 10 mg per milliliter), respiratory functions were markedly improved in all patients. The mean (± SE) change in the FVC, FEV_<1.0>, MMF, ΔN2 and PaO_2 was, respectively, an increase of 11.7 ± 1.3% (p < 0.001), an increase of 27.3 ± 4.4% (p < 0.05), an increase of 33.3 ± 4.7% (p < 0.05), a decrease of 31 ± 8.4% (p < 0.05) and an increase of 13.4 ± 0.8% (p < 0.05). No difference was detected in PaCO_2 after surfactant inhalation. This study indicates that airway surfactant is involved in the pathogenesis of bronchoob-struction of the patients with asthma.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Kenji Minoguchi, Hideki Kobayashi, Kenji Sunouchi, Hiroshi Hoshino, Sh ...Article type: Article
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 164-167
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 168-
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Appendix
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 169-172
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
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Article type: Cover
1991 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages Cover15-
Published: February 28, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 10, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (190K)
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