農林業問題研究

バングラデシュにおける青果物市場の市場成果

サーカーアブドゥルラティフ, 佐々木隆

1999 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 107-119
発行日: 1999/12/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.35.107

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バングラデシュでは, 農産物の販売部門の重要性が増すに従い, 生産者及び消費者の視点からその市場成果が問題とされるようになっている. 本論文では, これまで取り上げられることが少なかったバングラデシュ青果物市場を対象とし, 流通段階別のマージンの大きさ及び市場別, 販売時期別の価格形成という視点からその市場成果を検討した.
検討においてはバングラデシュにおける既存の研究成果と実態調査結果より得られたデータを用い, 次の結論を得た. (1) 青果物の販売マージンは米よりは高いが, 主要な中間商人であるフォリア, ベパリ, 小売商はいずれも指摘される程過大な利益率を得ていない. しかし, ポテトの貯蔵商人とアラトダは高い利益率を上げており, それが輸送費用と廃棄費用の高さとともに高い流通マージンを結果させる主要因となっている. (2) 流通チェーン短縮策として提起されているフォリアの排除は妥当性をもたない. というのは, それはインフォーマルセクタを形成し雇用の場となっているのみならず, 提供するサービスは青果物流通の効率性を高めているからである. (3) 価格形成においては, 各青果物市場は分断されているわけではないが, 輸送事情の悪さにより, 市場相互の連関性は弱い. (4) ポテト市場については, 販売時期により価格が大きく変動し問題となっているが, それは低温貯蔵施設の不足によるものではなく, 農民の資金不足に原因がある.

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需要体系分析による家計食料消費の統計的検証

松田敏悟

1999 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 120-128
発行日: 1999/12/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.35.120

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This paper tests empirical validity of several constraints derived from microeconomic theory on the Rotterdam demand system, using the annual per capita data for 1963-1995 on Japanese food expenditure and prices obtained for twelve commodity groups. The test results suggest the importance of factors other than expenditure and prices, such as habit formation and taste change, as well as that of own-price and cross-price effects. The homogeneity and the Slutsky symmetry restrictions are not rejected, which indicates theoretical consistency of Japanese food expenditure pattern. The hypothesis that the five aggregated categories —(1) cereals; (2) fish and shellfish; meat; dairy products and eggs; (3) vegetables and seaweeds; fruits; (4) oils, fats and seasonings; cakes and candies; cooked food; beverages; alcoholic beverages; (5) eating out— are weakly separable from one another is not rejected, while the additive preferences are found to be inappropriate constraints. It is shown that, for reasons not attributable to expenditure and prices, the expenditure shares of cereals, fish and shellfish, and vegetables and seaweeds have been falling, and that those of cooked food, beverages, and eating out have been increasing. The estimated elasticities show that the demand for each commodity group responds inelastically to both own-price and cross-price changes except for own-price elastic demand for cooked food.

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「農業者」としての自己同一化

コラボレーション概念を用いたライフコース分析

大石和男

1999 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 129-140
発行日: 1999/12/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.35.129

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The agriculture in Japan has faced a serious problem—the number of farmers has been drastically decreasing. To improve this critical situation, it is necessary to clarify how the young generation make decision to choose their occupation. And at the same time, to analyze this process, a new methodology should be established. In this paper, therefore, the life course approach and Collaboration concept in sociology are adopted.
The case study has been made on some young farmers in Nakano City, Nagano prefecture, which is famous for the fruits and Enoki mushroom production. Compared with other districts, there are not a few young persons who take over their family farms.
Two points are questioned here. First, how they made decision to succeed their family farms. To estimate the influence of their surroundings on their decision-making, various factors are examined, such as the attitudes of their parents, the pressure to succeed, the existence of many farmers in the same region, the profitability of their farms, and so on. And Second, how they maintain it. While working as a farmer, they face many conflicts in their minds, and therefore, it is necessary to estimate their self-identification with their occupation.
It is concluded that the economic factors, as supposed, are not the dominant in choosing their occupation-non-economic factors work as well as economic ones, and that the achievement of self-identification depends on the relationships with others, that is, Collaboration, which is indispensable for reproducing farmers.

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高齢農業者の労働強度選好変化の定量分析

金炯洙

1999 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 141-150
発行日: 1999/12/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.35.141

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For investigating managerial behavior of aged farmers, this paper estimates the change in the aged farmers' preference for labor intensity and tests the hypothesis that the farmers' tolerance to high labor intensity in farm work decrease as they become older. The term “labor intensity” is defined as a technological index of job characteristics in crop production, and “preference of labor intensity” as the feeling of burden toward labor intensity.
To do this, the paper identifies the age when farmers start to be strongly conscious of labor intensity, and also examines the impact of the change in the aged farmers' preference for labor intensity on the choice of crops. In this paper, we examine the case of lettuce and onion, where the former has high labor intensity, whereas the latter has low labor intensity.
The results are as follows.
First, it is at the age of 60 when farmers start to be strongly conscious of labor intensity and to increase the rate of the onion area cultivated relatively.
Second, the change in the aged farmers' preference for labor intensity will reduce the lettuce area by 135 ares, which amount to 16% of the total decrease of lettuce area to be expected in five years.

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農業会計学に於ける環境会計の導入に関する一考察

家串哲生, 中川聰七郎, 相原和夫

1999 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 151-157
発行日: 1999/12/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.35.151

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The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct farm accounting from the standpoint of “accounting for corporate social responsibility” and “environmental accounting”.
It seems that the expansion of the vector of farm accounting is necessary. First of all, the necessity for introducing environmental accounting into farm accounting is confirmed. Next, a plan of the outline of farm accounting is attempted, and the direction is established.
There is no active discussion is concerning the introduction of accounting for corporate social responsibility and on environmental accounting into farm accounting. Moreover, until now the theory from the aspect of “Industry” has been chief, however the theory construction from the aspect of “Agriculture” is necessary for micro-environmental accounting. The problem of efficiency for small-scale farm accounting reflects this. The maturity of agricultural management is expected, as indicated in the evolving of the policy of corporations of recent agricultural management. The rapid changes as seen in environmental problems will make the importance of agriculture clear.

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高橋正郎編著『フードシステム学の世界』

浦城晋一

1999 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 158-160
発行日: 1999/12/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.35.158

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村嶌由直編『アメリカ林業と環境問題』

村尾行一

1999 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 161-162
発行日: 1999/12/25
公開日: 2011/09/05

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.7310/arfe1965.35.161

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