農村計画学会誌
Online ISSN : 1881-2309
Print ISSN : 0912-9731
ISSN-L : 0912-9731
22 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の9件中1~9を表示しています
  • 比屋 根哲
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 3-7
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 中嶋 康博
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 8-16
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper attempts to clarify the significance and limit of discussing multifunctional aspects of agriculture for international trade policy using an OECD analytical framework. In general the environmental concern like nitrate pollution is thought of as a factor to legitimate an agricultural trade liberalization in the international debates and negotiations. The existence of positive externality by agriculture, however, could support an intention of protecting a domestic agriculture rather than tapping an internal market.
    The externality has been conceptualized as‘multifunctionality’at the OECD workshop conference in 2001.
    The conference showed the analytical framework of modeling the multifunctional issue as a market failure problem. Furthermore, the conference proposed the operational threefold examination of checking jointness, externality, and public goods character to discuss an applicability of a tariff measure. The participants eventually concluded a new agenda that multifunctionality should become an additional element for designing internal and external agricultural policies.
    An existence of multifunctionality wouldn't always guarantee a domestic protection against the world market. First of all, the above threefold examination should be perfectly passed. If the first two conditions can be satisfied and the third condition is not supportive, the conclusion may recommend the market creation to stimulate voluntary transaction of multifunctional goods.
    Additionally it would be required that the marginal social value of multifunctionality is so large relatively compared to border difference of product price. We need more empirical economic studies to evaluate the marginal value of multifunctionality.
    The jointness of multifunctionality with agricultural production is also an important condition for determining the measure of supporting domestic agriculture. There are two types of jointness, namely either jointness with agricultural production or agricultural land. Import tariff would be advisable when the production jointenss is proven. On the other hand, de-coupling direct payment scheme should be selected when the land jointenss is observed.
  • 新潟県十日町市における事例研究
    米澤 健一, 武内 和彦
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 17-25
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper aims to clarify the effects of direct payment in hilly and mountainous areas for maintaining ecological functions of farmlands. Two villages in the upstream district of Tokamachi-shi, Niigata Prefecture were selected as study sites for a comparison of land use and farmland management.
    First, patterns of land use and aspects of the local environment that made farming difficult were analyzed by using GIS. Topographic differences between still-cultivated farmlands and abandoned ones were compared in terms of two of these aspects: distance from managed farm roads and degrees of slope. We found that abandoned farmlands were further from roads and steeper than cultivated ones. Maintenance of the levees around the farmlands ceased completely after cultivation was abandoned.
    Secondly, we conducted a survey to determine how the local farmlands were managed and how the subsidy was affecting the maintenance of farmlands. We found that the scheme was having little effect on the re-cultivation of once-abandoned farmlands or the maintenance of farmlands. However, the subsidy was being used for joint activities by the villagers and was having a positive effect on village revitalization.
    It was apparent that a clear vision of those measures that could help promote the ecological functions of local farmlands was needed for the effective use of the subsidy.
    In conclusion, we made the following points on the maintenance and promotion of the ecological functions of farmlands and woodlands. 1) To maintain the ecological functions of farmlands, and as an alternative to the current scheme, we need a new scheme that has clear objectives with regard to the management of both abandoned farmlands and still-cultivated ones. 2) Farmers need to receive assistance in the management of woodlands, because afforestation is a legitimate way to prevent decline in the ecological functions of abandoned farmlands in areas where re-cultivation is difficult and where shrubs and trees have already begun to invade.
  • 奈良県明日香村の棚田保全運動に対する地元住民の評価
    高尾 堅司, 前田 真子, 野波 寛
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 26-36
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examined the relationship between residents' perception of procedural justice in implementing a rice terrace ownership system and their willingness to participate in this system in term of the social psychology. Recent studies suggest that rice terraces serve multiple purposes, including rice growing, water retention, and flood control function. However, in the past decades, many rice terraces in rural areas on mountains were abandoned because the cultivation of rice is such a physically intensive activity that many older people find it hard, Several farmer groups initiated the rice terrace preservation program to forge close ties with city dwellers. The system promotes exchange between urban dwellers and villager. It also has a positive effect on the re-cultivation of rice terraces. A questionnaire survey was administered to the villagers of Asuka village in Nara Prefecture where the rice terrace ownership system was being implemented. The respondents rated their perception of the procedural justice in this system, and it was evaluated in terms of whether the village administration explained about the rice terrace ownership system to villagers, treated them with respect, and listened to the villagers' opinions. They also evaluated the effectiveness of the rice terrace ownership system in terms of whether it promoted re-cultivation of rice terraces, contribution to regional vitalization, and contribution to forge close ties with the city dwellers.
    The results showed that the respondents' perception of the procedural justice in implementing the rice terrace ownership system affected their evaluation of the rice terrace ownership system and their decision to participate in it. The results also indicated that the procedural justice is crucially important in implementing a rice terrace ownership system.
  • 先進国における優先的要素と政策手段
    作山 巧
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 37-45
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
  • エミリア・ロマーニャ州の農村開発計画と公園政策 (1996年~2001年の動向)
    井上 典子
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 46-54
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 吉野林業発祥地におけるケーススタディ
    藤本 高志
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 55-63
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 冨田 正彦
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 64-65
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 高山 範理
    2003 年 22 巻 1 号 p. 68-69
    発行日: 2003/06/30
    公開日: 2011/04/13
    ジャーナル フリー
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