This study investigated differences in automatization level of upper and lower limb movements by analyzing degree of the interference between upper and lower limb movements when the subjects performed transitory upper or lower limb movement at will during periodic movement of the other limb.Nonfulfillment of the assigned limb tasks was only observed when the subjects performed transitory lower limb movement during periodic upper limb movement.This finding suggests that the automatization level of upper limb movement is lower than that of lower limb movement.Insertion of the transitory lower limb movement altered the cycle of periodic movement of the shoulder joint more than periodic movement of the wrist joint.Whereas insertion of the transitory upper limb movement altered the cycle of periodic movement of the ankle joint more than that of stepping.These findings suggest that the automatization level of shoulder joint movement and ankle joint movement is lower than that of wrist joint movement and stepping, respectively.This study also showed that the automatization of periodic limb movement was accom-panied by a phenomenon in which the insertion timing of transitory limb movement was restricted to within certain time phases of periodic limb movement resulting in minute interference.

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Micronesia received several human dispersals in the prehistoric period.Four major movements of human dispersals into Micronesia are proposed based on the archaeological evidence.The earliest movement around 3600 B.P.to the Mariana Islands was followed by three dispersals to other island groups from west and south at different times.This provides a complicated model compared to what has been proposed by linguistic studies.The heterogeneity of Micronesia is cautiously stressed.

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