Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

On the Dotaku once possessed by BUNCHO TANI

SUEJI UMEHARA

1953 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: July 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.63.1

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A Dotaku which is said to be once possessed by BUNCHO TANI, an artist of the Later Yedo Period, has been well known among archaeologists for the resemblance of the figures engraved on it with thcse on a Dotaku said to be unearthed at Sanuki:the latter was registered to the national treasureseveral years ago. But the present owner of the said Dotaku is unknown, and we can hardly examine the details of the object, except for the rubbed copy of the figures engraved on it. Recently a rubbed copy of a Dotaku which was possessed by late KOHEI KANDA was found at the Anthropological Institute of Tokyo University. This copy (Fig. 1) shows not only the figures engraved on the object in detail (Fig. 2; reconstructed), but also its size and shape. From this copy it is estimated that the object is about 42cm in height and has a cylindrical body with a so-called fin which is narrow in breadth on both sides and is helmet-shaped at the top of the body (Fig. 3 : 1). These characteristics in respect to its shape as well as figures on it resemble strikingly to those of above mentioned Dotaku from Sanuki. Existence of several other Dotaku unearthed with similar characteristics, though lacking figures on their surfaces, suggests us that all these might have had the same manufacturing source.

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A Contribution to the Physical Anthropology of the Nepalese

MOTOTSUGU KOHAMA

1953 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 6-14
Published: July 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.63.6

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During the four years from 1941 to 1945, the writer traveled in Malay and Burma, where he collected measurements on 720 adult male Nepalese, belonging to several castes (Thape, Gurung, Pun, Mall, Khattri, Rana).
The obtained metrical values and their indices are given in the original table 1-7.
The stature of the Nepalese with a general mean of 161.03cm was low in the averages of the Asiatic races, head form mesocephalic with 79.16 and face more or less low and narrow. There were among the six castes of the Nepalese no significant physical differences.
In the comparison of the physical traits of the Nepalese with those of the other neighbouring races, the results are as follows :
(1) The northern Protoburman (KOHAMA) and the Tibetan (LISLEY) had considerable resemblance to the Nepalese.
(2) The Mongolian (IMAMURA) had the greatest head length, Siamese (SHIMA) the shortest head breadth and both races were over 85 in cephalic index.
(3) The Indo-Aryan groups (LISLEY) in northern India were heigher (over 170 cm) in stature and more dolicocephalic (72-78) than the Nepalese.

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Head Measuremants in the Light of Family Influences

JIRO IKEDA

1953 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
Published: July 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.63.15

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I began this study with the question to what extent the shape of head is hereditary, and then investigated the extent of resemblance of the shape among families.
The study of twins has been regarded as the most important approach to the question of human heredity. It has been done by SIEMENS, v. VERSCHUER and many other scientists.
In the study of twins, however, materials are extremely limited, especially there are very few adult twins available for such purpose. On the other hand, by far more materials are obtainable among brothers and sisters. It was for this reason that BOWLS (1932) and HOWELLS (1949) studied the subject in this light. Materials were taken from men and women of twenty years and above who lived in the districts along the Inland Sea of Japan.
The results of this investigation show that in cases of parent-child, brother and sister groups there is a clear resemblance among their head length, breadth and cephalic index, while in cases of uncle-nephew (aunt-niece) and cousin (male and female) groups there is no resemblances among them. Thus it is also clear that the factors by which the resemblances of characters among parents, children, brothers and sisters are caused are heredity.

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Growth of the Foot of the School Boys and Girls in Tokyo

SHIRO KONDO

1953 Volume 63 Issue 1 Pages 22-32
Published: July 30, 1953
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.63.22

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Existing data on the body measurement, which did not adopt the sampling method, are often unavailing. And so the author measured the foot of the students (5-18 years old) in Tokyo, using stratified three-stage sampling. As the coefficient of variation of foot-length is within 6%, size of about 35 subjects at each age (population of universe is 45, 500) is sufficient to estimate population at accuracy 1%. The results obtained are as follows;
(1) Mean value, unbiased variance and coefficient of variance of stature, height of Spina ilica ventralis, smallest girth of the lower leg, foot-length, foot-breadth, instep-height, heel-breadth, foot-girth measured at the same position as footbreadth, and foot-girth in the instep-height are shown on table 1 at each age.
(2) Differences between the mean values of the adjoining ages were tested as shown on table 2.
(3) We might conclude that foot-length grows up to 16 years old (male) and 14 (female); and foot-breadth 17 (male) and 17 (female); instep-height 13 (male) and 14 (female); and foot-girth 18 (male) and 17 (female). The foot-growth ends in the order of height, breadth and length. Stature increases up to 18 (male) and 17 (female) which ages are the latest in this data.
(4) Sexual differences as to foot-length and foot-breadth are not observed in 7-12 age.
(5) Growth of foot at about 6 years of age is notable. Female students begin to grow rapidly about one year earlier than male.
(6) We might conclude that the large value of unbiased variance means rapid growth. In this sense, growth at the age of 11 (male) is significant.
(7) Growth of foot stops sooner than stature. We believe this relative swiftness of foot growth is connected with the fact that man walks at erect posture.

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