1. Terminal phalanges of toes sometimes show in their distal mantel system independent pattern types having a triradius, pattern area, and a core. These pattern types are called auxilliary toe-prints. In the proximal ridge system, outside the pattern area of these auxilliary toe-prints independent toe-prints are found having the triradius, pattern area, and a core. These pattern types are called main toe-prints. Sometimes distal phalanges of toes show, and distal phalanges of fingers show less frequently that main and auxilliary pattern types which are quite independent at least from the view point of morphology. These are called mixedin-pattern types.
2. Combinations bf main and auxilliary toe-prints make various mixed-in-pattern types which are shown in the illustration.
3. Mixed-in-pattern types or auxilliary are the main reason for the appearance of a closely related toe-print peculiarity, i. e., bicentric pattern types.
4. Auxilliary pattern types appearing in the distal mantel system are an important factor for transitional changes between bicentric pattern types and other types.
Such transition among patterns should be viewed from the standpoint of various factors including the described elements instead of from the standpoint of the so far maintained single factor position centering around main pattern types.

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The same materials (boy of A and B schools : N 275), that the author reported in this Journal (1954) have been used again in this paper. Certain coefficients of correlation of physical strength with physical traits and of strength between groups have been calculated by the formula γ=∑Ni=1(xi-x)(yi-y)/√Sx×Sy(Table 1). Fig. 1 a*6a shows that γ/R=R±√F/(F+N-2) is the rejection limit with *=0 at a 5% level of significance. In these figures the point, |γ/R|>1, shows significant correlation at a 5% level of significance and * or ** has shown significant correlation differences between A and B school boys at a 5% or 1% level of significance. Fig. 1b*6b shows correlation curves formed by joining the means of physical strengths for the various classes.
The author has observed the following :
(1) Lung capacity is strongly correlated with stature, girth of chest, volume of chest (length×breadth×sagittal length) and weight. The coefficients of correlation are similar in both schools and according to age categories. But the mean of lung capacity for the same class of some traits (i. e., volume of chest) in the older year groups is greater than in the younger series and greater in A school than in B. (2) The correlation of back muscle rtrength with girths and weights is comparatively strong. The condition of the correlation curve is the reverse of that appearing in other articles. (3) The correlation of grip atrength with stature, girth of forearm and weights are a somewhat significant. (4) The correlations of running, jumping and throwing with each other are strong. The correlation of 50 m. running of stature and the length of the lower limbs are recognizable. (5) Jumping shows significant correlation with back muscle strength in every group showing that jumping is closely connected with muscle strength. Broad jumping is correlated strongly with stature, the lower limb and weight. But the mean of broad jumping for the same trait class (i. e, . length of upper thigh) in the older group categories is greater than in the younger age groups and in A school is greater than in B. The girths of the upper arm and the upper thigh show not only muscle growth but also fat deposition. The especially great girths, therefore, show not exceptionally large muscle strength or exercise capacity. (6) The correlation of ball throwing with back muscle strength is small and with girth of forearm is progressively greater with ascending age seniority.
Thus the author has considered the relation and the condition of the circumstances and the physical strength and traits in this report and their correlation in former reports with respect to their means.

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We Know that the palmaris longus muscle is one of the most valiable muscles in the human body. It is frequently absent on one or both sides and there are
racial differences in the parcentage of absence of this muscle.
The stadies of this muscle in the living subjects are the most frequent, because of its easy accessibility to examination.
On the cadavers of Japanese several works have appeared, but so far as I have been able to ascertain, there appear to be no reference to work done by the
same method on living subjects.
As to method, it is sufficient to state that this relates only to the closed fist of the studied individual who was asked to flex his hand at the wrist with light opposition by the examiner. The tendon of the flexor carpi radialis thus appears clearly on the lateral side, while if it is present, that of the palmaris longus is in a medial position.
The author carried out examinations on about 500 (417 males and 116 females) adult subjects of living Japanese and hereditary research on 9 families.
The results of this study are tabulated as follows :
On one or both sides, the frequency of absence in persons is 5.5% in males and 9.5% in females. The percentage of absence in all arms examined is 3.6%. in vales and 6.0% in females. In the sexual difference the frequency of absence occurs pore often in females than in males.
The palmaris longus muscle is lacking more often from the right side than from the left.
In many races absence of the muscle more frequently occurs than has been noted among the Japanese among whom it is low and in this respect there are few discrepancies between results of this study and earlier reports on thee cadavers.
I believe that the absence of this muscle is a dominant hereditary trait.

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