Materials are 138 human fetuses (including from 4 to 10 month), 1 adult male and 27 monkeys (Macacus irus). The muscles are weighed as flexor, extensor, adductor and fibular muscle groups.
Our conclusions are as follows:
(1) Neither side nor sex differences of absolute weights of muscle groups were proved as a whole in fetus and mokey. As for the former it is probably due to the fact that the right handed (or leged) exist neither in fetus nor in monkeys. As for the latter it may be found in absolute weight, but could not be proved at the present stage of study.
In adult male, the right upper limb muscles were apparently heavier than the left, while the left lower limb muscles were heavier than the right except the fibular muscles.
(2) The speed of development of fetal muscles becomes more and more rapid as the fetal age proceeds, and is most remarkable from 9 to 10 month.
(3) As for the order of absolute weights of muscle groups, no change is recognized on lower limb from fetus to adult, but on upper limb there occur great changes; in 4 month arm extensor group is the heaviest, forearm extensor group the lightest and thereafter forearm flexor grows up rapidly, surpasses extensor group after 6 month and, accompanying to it, forearm extensor group grows up remarkably. After 7 month up to 10 month the order of weight of muscle groups is; forearm flexor>arm extensor>forearm extensor>arm flexor.
This change is, we suppose, a preparatory growth for the birth enabling him to suck the milk by gripping his mother's body after birth.
In adult stage, the order of muscles weights is; arm extensor>forearm flexor>arm flexor>forearm extensor.
Developing process of upper limb muscle weight from suckling to adult is not yet cleared because of the difficulty of obtaining materials of these stages.
(4) On lower limb, the order of muscles weights mentioned above remains consistent from fetus to adult: that is; thigh extensor>adductor>leg flexor thigh flexor>leg extensor>fibular.
(5) In the stage of fetus, individual difference of each muscle group weight is unexpectedly small. After 8 month it becomes a little large, but relatively the younger the fetal age the larger the difference, as shown in Table 4 and 5; for example, in 4 month the individual difference reaches about 4 times between individuals on upper limb but in 10 month it is one and half times at the most. This is just contrary to the result mentioned above (2), namely, speed of growth being the rapidest from 9 to 10 month. It is presumed that the difference of few days of fetal growth is greatly concerned, because, the younger the fetal age, the faster the growth relatively.
(6) Tendency of index according to fetal age gradually increases on arm extensor index, gradually decreases on forearm extensor index, rapidly increases on thigh extensor index after 8 month, gradually decreases on adductor index, slightly increase both on leg extensor and fibular index, and these tendencies seem to continue in general to adult stage. However, in adult, thigh extensor index increases more remarkably than fetus and adductor index seems to increase.
(7) In comparison of monkey with man (including adult and fetus), monkey's arm extensor index is bigger than man, while forearm extensor index is smaller.
The most striking contrast between man and monkey is shown in the extensor and adductor index of the thigh; in man, these two muscle groups are heavier than the flexor, but in monkey the latter is heavier than the former two. This is the most remarkable difference between man, walking bipedal, and monkey, a quadrupedal animal in principle. Monkey's leg extensor index is bigger than man and fibular index stands amid between fetus and adult.
Thigh flexor and extensor are not studied in this report ; this is one of our next subjects together with the study of other quadrupedal animals.

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タイ人における ABO, MNSs, P, Lewis, Rh, Kell 及び Duffy式血液型の分布は、これまでに PHANSOMBOON ら(1949), SIMMONSら(1954), PHANSOMBOON (1956) などによってしらべられているが、著者らは112～128名のタイ人成人 (BangkokのCentral Chest Hospitalに入院中の結核患者)を対象として、ABO, MNSs, Lewis, Rh, Kell, Duffy式の各血液型とともに、 Q, Lutheran (Lu^a)及び Kidd (Jk^b) 式血液型を合わせて調査した。
ABO, MNSs, Rh, Lewis, Kel1 及び Duffy 式血液型については、従来の報告に一致した成績が得られ、日本人や中国人にくらべて B,M 及び R1遺伝子の頻度が高いことが認められた。^Fya遺伝子の頻度(0.9078)は、中国人、日本人及び朝鮮人のそれにほぼ一致し、K遺伝子は他のアジア入同様にみいだされなかった。
Q式血液型では、Q型が27.78%で日本人の頻度にほぼ一致し、タイ人や中国人における P(P₁)の頻度に似ている。
Lutheran及び Kidd式血液型の表現型の頻度は Lu(a+)型1.79%, Jk(b+)型82.14%で、近隣のアジア人における頻度に近く、ヨーロッパ人やアフリカ黒人よりも Lu^a遺伝子の頻度が低くなっている。

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In the study of the lamination of the masseter of the higher primates which include the crab-eating monkey, orangutan, gorilla and man, the zygomaticomandibular muscle originates from the supraorbital eminence and terminates along the oblique line of the mandible, spreading along the concaved surface of the frontal and zygomatic bones (YOSHIKAWA et al., 1961b, 1962a). The space which is occupied by this muscle is proposed to be called the sulcus musculi zygomaticomandibularis, which is expected to be a new characteristic to prove the natural and reasonable reconstruction of the human fossil skull.
In the Saldanha skull, however, the sulcus is too narrow to expect the existence of the zygomaticomandibularis. So the author concludes that the reconstruction of the skull is unnatural.
In the Saldanha skull, the mandible, which is reconstructed from a fragment of a mandibular branch after the Heidelberg mandible, is too large to harmonize with the reconstructed cranium and is expected not to be of the same individual. (Fig. 1)

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Of 231 inhabitants of Aogashima Island which is located to the south of Hachijojima Island, 25% of males and 45% of females have distaste for meat; in Koganeimachi of Tokyo where I investigated just after working at Aogashima, 16% of males and 30% of females have distaste for meat. The peoples of both places, however, do not dislike fish so much.
Thus in Aogashima, the tendency toward disliking meat is unusually strong. Furthermore there are many, 15 % of the islanders, who suffer from urticaria, abdominal pains, diarrhoea and vomiting after eating meat. And four of seven shajins and all of eleven mikos have rather stronger distaste for meat. (shajin or miko means a man or a woman who is in service of the ritual of a shrine. They seem to have peculiar mental characters in Aogashima.)
It may be safe to say that females have more distaste for meat than males. (This interests us when we can often see meat taboos especially for women of primitive societies in the tropical and subtropical zones.) The ratio of those females who do not like meat increases when they are above twenty years of age in Aogashima, whereas the ratio reverses in Koganei machi.

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