Although several investigations have been made from different aspects, the origin and the racial history of the Ainu are still remained unsolved. In this connection, it is required to investigate additional characteristics which have not been discussed so far in detail. The present article describes dental characters in the Ainu and gives some idea of morphological pattern of this population. Comparisons with the other populations are also discussed in the light of Mongoloid dental complex. Overall characteristics discussed in this article show that the dentition of the Ainu is close to the Mongoloid populations, especially to the Japanese, in its morphological pattern and this trend is evidently seen in either the deciduous or the permanent dentitions.

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In the present paper the mean values, standard deviations, rates of growth, distance and velocity curves of hand length and hand breadth of 400 Punjabi speaking Hindu Khatri (an endogamous caste) boys aged 11 to 18 years are presented. The values of correlation coefficient 'r' between hand length and stature; hand breadth and stature and between hand length and hand breadth are also reported separately for each age group.

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Individual variation of serum α₁-antitrypsin, a protease inhibiting protein, was studied by starch gel electrophoresis. A total of 1, 475 serum and plasma samples taken from three racial groups, namely Japanese, Ainu and U. S. A. White, were examined. Seven phenotypes altogether found were classified according to FAGERHOL's nomenclature of Pi-system. In each population group the type MM was by far the most common, while other variants had low incidence. A similar frequency distribution was found in the Japanese population to that in U. S. A. White, except that type MF was commoner and type MS rarer in the former than in the latter. A reduced heterogeneity in the Ainu population was indicated. Gene frequencies were estimated on the basis of the postulated genetic mode of codominant alleles at a locus. It is found that the α₁-antitrypsin deficient type occurs also in Japan, although there is still uncertainty as to whether this is genetically a homogeneous phenotype. No difference in the trypsin inhibiting capacity was found among the three racial groups.

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In this paper, the adaptability of the swimmers to cold water during the swimming season has been discussed by means of the finger skin temperature reaction during an ice-water immersion comparing with that of the controls.
The experiments were carried out about the middle of each month from June to October in 1968 and of July and August in 1969. The numbers of subjects for each month are shown in Table 1, being about 7-32 swimmers and 7-17 controls. They are all students.
As the site of examination, the palmer surface of the distal phalanx of the left middle finger was used in this study, because it was found from the experiment in 10 males and 3 females that the reactivity of skin temperature was more apparent on the palmar surface than on the dorsal one of the phalanx (Fig. 1).
The skin temperature was measured every one minute after the immersion in the crushed ice-water (0°C). To determine the skin temperature, a thermopile made of copper and constantan wire were applied on the finger. To maintain the water temperature at 0°C during the immersion, a revised one of the immersion box devised by SUZUKI (1969) was used.
Individual finger cooling curves of all these subjects were classified into four types, from I to IV (Fig. 2). About 95% of all subjects belonged to the type I. Only such materials were used for the consideration in this study.
Such a standard finger cooling curve was divided into following elements; TFR (temperature of the first rise after immersion), TFP(temperature of the first peak after the first spontaneous rewarming), TTR (time for the first temperature rise after immersion) and TTP (time lapsed between the first spontaneous rewarming and the first peak) (Fig. 3). In this paper, the adaptability of the swimmers to cold water was considered on the base of these four characteristics and further by means of Point Test, evaluating all of them as points.
The following results have been found;
1) Female swimmers have a tendency to show a more weak reactivity than female controls in TFR, TFP, TTR and Point Test in August, but to show a more intensive reactivity to the latter in TFP, TTR, TTP and Points in October.
2) Male swimmers have a tendency to be more intenser in TTP through these six months and to show a temporal less reactivity in July as to these four characteristics and Points.
3) The values of three characteristics except TTP, and the Points generally show a positive or inverse correlation to the room temperature.
4) In the monthly fluctuation curves of TFR, TTR and TTP, some sexual differences are found.
5) It is probably found from these results that the swimmers have a tendency to be more adaptable to cold water than the controls at the beginning period of swimming season in males and at the close of season in females.

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Pottery decoration is not simply a collection of elements and motifs, but embodies an underlying system in the way these are related to each other and to the feature of the vessel itself. This "regularity" of arrangement may be looked on as a design system which, in each case, is characteristic of a particular "culture". This thesis is an effort to analyze the "design system" of the Angyo and Kamegaoka types of pottery of the late and latest Jomon periods. The presence of high waved-rims in Angyo type pottery gives the point of departure for this analysis. In five types of high waved-rim pottery of Angyo culture (see Fig. B and Table B), even if the individual elements and motifs arranged on each pot are different, those in each pot are controlled by the regularity of the number of the waves on the rims (See Table C). For example, in a pot with 4 waves, the number of elements and motifs is 4 or multiples of 4 (See Fig. A and Table A). The number of the waves of Angyo I type pot and Angyo II type pot is 4, with a single exception of 3. The basic number of Angyo IIIb type pot and Angyo IIIc type pot is 5, and 4 is rather exceptional. But the basic number of waves is not constant in the Angyo IIIa type pots, which is in the middle chronology; these numbers ranging from 4 to 8 (See Table D). This change of the numbers of Angyo IIIa type pot shows that Angyo culture adopted the design system of Kamegaoka type pottery. It also can be shown that when one systematic design system is influenced by another design system, it breakes down or adjusts itself to the other. Such a study of design systems should contribute to a better understanding of the stylistic character of cultural manifestations.

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The method of dating and measuring uranium concentrations of obsidians by fission tracks were applied to the characterization of obsidians from known volcanic sources in Japan. The sources which yield flake quality obsidians are Shirataki, Oketo, Tokachi, Akaigawa (Hokkaido), Fukaura, Itayama (Tohoku), Wadatoge, Kirigamine, Hakone, Kozushima (Chubu), Kumi (Oki), Himeshima, Koshidake, Yodohime, Furusato and Mifune (Kyushu). The fission track ages and uranium contents of obsidians from these sources are homogeneous within sources and heterogeneous between sources. Accordingly, the method of dating and measuring uranium concentrations of obsidians by fission tracks is expected successfully applicable to the identification of geologic sources of obsidian artifacts found from archaeological contexts.

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