Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

A Morphological Study of Enamel-Dentin Border on the Japanese Dentition

V. Maxillary Molar

Takuro SAKAI, Hajime HANAMURA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 297-322
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.297

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We have reported previously on the pattern of the enamel-dentin border of maxillary median incisor, maxillary canine, maxillary premolar and mandibular premolar in this journal (Vol. 73, no. 3, Vol. 75, no, 4, 5, Vol. 77, no. 3). The present article is the description on maxillary molar as the fifth chapter of our work. The material used in this study were 125 maxillary first molars and 100 second molars.

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Cross-Section of Human Lower Leg Bones Viewed from Strength of Materials

Tasuku KIMURA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 323-336
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.323

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The bones of the lower leg were examined from the viewpoint of strength of materials. The area, the moment of inertia of area and the polar moment of inertia of area of the cross-section at the middle of the lower leg bones were calculated. The resistance of the bone against the normal force, against the bending moment and against the torsion can be shown by these properties of the cross-section. The properties of the shape of the bones do not correlate with the age of the specimen. The sexual dimorphism is clear. The fibula is very much weaker than the tibia. The index of cross-section has no direct correlation with the strength of bones nor with the curvature of tibia shaft.

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Allometric Analysis of Variation on Body Dimensions At 18 Years Old

Komei HATTORI, Akio SAWAKI

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 337-346
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.337

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In order to research the proportion of anthropometric indicators on the groups classified according to the stature, measurements were taken of 28 items of 565 Japanese males and females at 18 years old.
So emphasis was given to the demonstration of allometric relationships in the variation of the items.
Stature was taken on abscissa and the others on ordinate. As the linearity test of the regression lines were statistically significant at 1% level, all indicators in both sexes were revealed as monophasic allometry. The sexual differencee of allometric coefficients (α) were generally not significant.
The a-values of body weight showed 2.05 in male and 1.91 in female. They are not so large as the theoretical value, 3, and show practically negative allometric inclination.
Other items could be classified into 3 large groups by α, i. e., isometry or slightly positive allometry group comprised the dimensions of height and length, negative allometry group included the dimensions of girth and breadth, and extensively negative allometry group included the dimensions of head and face.
It is logically true that in the tall group the relative amount of body weight, breadth, girth, and head and face dimensions are small despite no remarkable differences in length and height dimensions compared with the short group.
We can assume that the group tall in stature will be more slender as a whole.

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Studies on the Relative Variation of Chest Dimension at 18 Years Old

Shigeru MORITA, Komei HATTORI, Akio SAWAKI

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 347-355
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.347

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In this paper, we consider relative variation of some chest dimensions at youth by the analysis of the absolute size values and allometry. Because few reports have ever been published related to this problem.
The materials were 18 years old Japanese students and consists of 236 males and 83 females. We took the girth of chest at rest (GCR) on x-axis and the others on y-axis. All subjects were devided into several groups according to their measuring values of GCR, for instance, the 80cm group was composed of the subjects from 80.0 to 80.9 cm of GCR, and similary other groups. And arithmetic means of all items were calculated in each group and stochastical analysis were attempted according to these values. We fitted the equation, y=ax+b for the absolute value analysis, logy=αlog x+log b for allometric analysis.
As shown in Figure 1, the differences between the girth of chest during inspiration (GCI) and GCR become smaller as the GCR increases. On the contrary, the differences between the girth of chest during expiration (GCE) and GCR become smaller as the GCR decreases.
From the test of linearity, GCI and GCE showed the monophasic allometry (Fig. 2). GCI showed the negative allometry against GCR. The coefficient of male (0.88) is smaller than that of female (0.91). We also admitted the negative allometry in GCE. The coefficients of male and female were 0.98 and 0.91 respectively. In both sexes, GCI showed more extensive negative allometry than GCE.
In sagittal diameter of chest, the regression coefficient in male (0.240) is larger than that in female (0.114). But there is no significant differences between the coefficients of transverse diameter of chest in both sexes (Fig. 3).
From the allometric analysis we admitted the distinct negative allometry of transverse diameter of chest in both sexes as shown in Figure 4. On the contrary, the allometry of the sagittal diameter of chest in female showed the extensive negative, in spite of the isometry in male.
From these results it is reasonable to presume that in female the group of larger GCR have relatively larger sagittal diameter of chest.
In the vital capacity, there are no continuity of between the fitting lines both sexes as be shown in another items (Fig. 5). An inclination of the fitting line of female is more gentle than that of male.

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Distribution of Phenotypes and Gene Frequencies of Six Red Cell Enzymes in the District of Tohoku, Northern Part of Japan

Shoji HARADA, Suguru AKAISHI, Toshiyuhi KUDO, Keiichi OMOTO

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 356-366
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.356

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Genetic polymorphism of six red cell enzymes, namely, acid phosphatase (AcP), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), adenosine deaminase (ADA), phosphohexose isomerase (PHI) and adenylate kinase (AK) have been studied by the method of starch gel electrophoresis. The red cell samples were taken from unrelated individuals in three prefectures in the district of Tohoku, nothern part of Japan. In the present samples heterozygosity of variants at 6-PGD, PGM and PHI locus has a relatively high degree compared with Caucasian, while the gene frequencies of ADA2 appears to be somewhat lower than those observed in Caucasian. Pc gene of acid phosphatase and any sample showing a deviating pattern from the common type AK-1 were not observed in the present samples. These results are in good agreement with those reported so far for Japanese populations. No heterogeneity was observed for each of the six enzyme systems among sample groups for three prefectures.

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Notes on the Flattened Tibia of the Earliest Jomon Juvenile from Kamikuroiwa, Japan

Iwataro MORIMOTO

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 367-374
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.367

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The tibia of a juvenile, aged 12 to 14 years, excavated from the rockshelter at Kamikuroiwa, Japan, dating in the middle of the Earliest stage of the Jomon period (ca. 6000 B. C.), exhibits a marked degree of platycnemia (cnemic index, 54.7). In comparison with the juvenile tibia belonging to the Late to Latest Jomon stages (ca. 2000 to 300 B. C.), it is suggested that the Earliest Jomon people growed and decayed slightly earlier than the Late-Latest. Archaeological evidence indicates that the Jomon people improved and broadened their subsistence economy from the Earliest to the Latest stage. In fact, the tibial diaphysis of the Earliest Jomon adults is slenderer than that of the Late-Latest. It is probable that the flattening of the juvenile tibia from Kamikuroiwa is not initiated by peculiarities of muscle action, but caused by the nutritional deficiency, in relation to the mechanical necessity for the stresses and strains of posture and locomotion.

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Quantitative Genetics of a-b Ridge Count in Human Palms

P. Dash SHARMA

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 375-376
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.375

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 377-378
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.377

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 379-381
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.379

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Electrophoretic Patterns of Red Cell NADH Diaphorase in Macaque Monkeys

Goichi ISHIMOTO

1971 Volume 79 Issue 4 Pages 382-387
Published: 1971
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.79.382

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[in Japanese]

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