Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

Yoshikiyo KOGANEI(1858-1944)and Erwin von BAELZ(1858-1913)

Hisashi SUZUKI

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 1-9
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.1

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The Position of Euryon on the Human Skull Analyzed Three-dimensionally by Moiré Contourography*

Harumi TERADA, Eisaku KANAZAWA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 10-19
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.10

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With the use of the moiré contourography, the three-dimensional position of euryon was investigated in Indian adult skulls.The moiré con-tourography makes it possible to analyze the form of the skull three-dimensionally by means of projecting contour lines on its surface.The location of euryon was represented by x, y and z values in the rectangular coordinates and by γ, ψ and θ values in the polar coordinates.In terms of sex differences, the position of euryon in females was significantly higher, more posterior and more lateral than in males.The pattern of the contour lines in females was more concentric and more regular than in males.

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Myofibrous Organization on the Cross-Sectional Area of the M.adductor longus from Man

Seiichiro INOKUCHI, Sotaro IWAMOTO, Masayoshi NARUO, Nobuo NOI

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 20-30
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.20

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Myofibrous organization of the adductor longus muscle was investigated by making observation of the number of muscle fibers, thickness of individual fibers, etc.in the cross-sectional area of venter with maximum diameter of right adductor longus specimens from fifteen cases, eight males and seven females.The results obtained were compared with the previously reported pertinent data of the other muscles.
The M.adductor longus of man was noted to range in the total number of muscle fibers from 153, 335 to 339, 150, in number of muscle fibers per sq.m.m.from 347 to 1203, and in thickness of individual muscle fibers from 263.9 to 2, 687.8μ2 respectively.We have shown that males generally show a greater total number of muscle fibers, and larger thickness of individual muscle fibers, and a smaller number of muscle fibers per sq.m.m.than females, and that males tends to be larger in the individual differences in each of these respects than females.
We have shown that the cases of advanced age show a larger number of muscle fibers per sq.m.m., and a smaller thickness of muscle fibers than younger cases, but that a old male shows the highest total number of muscle fibers.
Comparing the myofibrous organization of adductor longus with the other muscles, we find that the myofibrous organization of this muscle is similar to that of biceps brachii, and conjecture that interfibrous connective tissue is larger than that in the biceps brachii.We would suggest from these facts that the adductor longus shows the characteristics of the tonic muscles.
The distribution pattern of minor diameters shows double-or triple-peaked curves of distribution with the highest median peak in the muscles with greater, minor diameter and displays the curve with highest left peak in the muscles with shorter minor diameter.These changes of the distribution patterns with respect to minor diameter accompained with reduced thickness in thismuscle is in contrast with that of M.rectus abdominis.

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Non-Metrical Cranial Traits in the Hokkaido Ainu and the Northern Japanese of Recent Times

Yukio DODO

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 31-51
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.31

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Twenty-three non-metrical cranial traits were investigated in two recent Ainu and two recent Japanese population samples of Northern Japan origin.The incidences of the traits were analyzed with respect to sex and group differences.The results were discussed chiefly from the viewpoint of the hyperostotic-hypostotic dichotomy advocated by OSSENBERG (1970), taking age differences and mutual correlations affecting the trait incidences into consider-ation.The incidence pattern in each population was also discussed on the basis of all the 23 traits examined.

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Polymorphism of Red Cell NADP-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase in Macaque Monkeys

Goichi ISHIMOTO, Mieko KUWATA, Takayoshi SHOTAKE

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 52-58
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.52

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A total of 1704 macaques were screened for electrophoretic variants of NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and six phenotypes of the enzyme were found in the blood samples from various populations of nine macaque species.M.mulatta from China was disclosed to be most polymorphic, with three postulated alleles resulting in six phenotypes.M.cyclopis and M.irus (except the philippine group) had two alleles with three phenotypes and the remaining species were homozygous for one of the two common alleles (Idhmac1 and Idhmac2).One of the interesting finding was that the macaque species can be divided into two groups on the basis of the allelic distribution: those species with a high frequency of the Idhmac2 (M.fuscata, M.speciosa, M.mulatta, and M.cyclopis) and those with a high frequency of the Idhmac1 (M.irus, M.nemestrina, M.radiata, and M.niger).This might suggest phylogenetically divergent position between two groups of the macaque species.

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Red Cell Enzyme Variation among Chinese Residing in Japan*

Tasuku TOYOMASU

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 59-68
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.59

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Abstract Six red cell enzyme genetic variations, namely, acid phosphatase (AcP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), adenosine deaminase (ADA), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD), adenylate kinase (AK) and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), have been studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis.Samples were taken from unrelated c.270 Chinese individuals residing in Japan.
The gene frequencies and phenotypic distribution of each enzyme are presented.
In the cases of AcP, PGM and PGD systems, the gene frequencies for each phenotype were within ranges observed in Japanese, while the gene frequency of ADA² appeared to be higher than the compiled data for Japanese.The geographical heterogeneity of ADA² frequency in China was suggested.
In accordance with the data previously reported for neighbouring population including Japanese, no AK variant was detected.In PGK system, also, any variant other than common 1 type was not observed in this material.

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An Application of the Method of Biological Distance to the Dermatoglyphic data of Ainu-Japanese and Japanese-American White Hybrids

Kunihiko KIMURA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 69-74
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.69

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On the basis of the biological distances computed from four dermato-glyphic traits, affinities among Ainu-Japanese, Japanese-American White hybrids and their parental populations were considered.Both biological distances, BALAKRISHNAN & SANGHVI's B-square and EDWARDS & C.SFORZA's E-square, well supported the conclusions previously drawn by the author (1962 and 1974) based on the comparison of several dermatoglyphic traits.

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Affinities of Dental Characteristics in the Okinawa Islanders*

Kazuro HANIHARA, Tetsuo MASUDA, Takeshi TANAKA

1974 Volume 82 Issue 1 Pages 75-82
Published: March 31, 1974
Released on J-STAGE: June 28, 2010

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.82.75

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Dental characteristics were investigated using plaster casts of the permanent dentition from 60 inhabitants in the central part of Okinawa Island. Frequency distributions of the dental traits in the Okinawans were very similar to those of the Japanese in the main island, Ainu and Pima Indians, but largely different from those of the Caucasoids. In addition, multivariate statistical analysis suggested that the dental characteristics in the Okinawans had a close affinity to those in the Ainu, but this fact was hardly explained by supposing the common origin of the two populations.In this regard, importance of more extensive comparative studies on the Ryukyu Islanders including the Okinawans was emphasized.

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