The power spectra of bipolar surface EMG during sustained isometric contractions of the biceps brachii were obtained by the autocorrelation and its Fourier transformation technique. The power of the frequency components below about 75 Hz increased with time. The ratio of the power below about 40 Hz to the total power increased. Two phases were suggested in a sustained contraction. In the first phase, the total power increased slightly, and relative increase in the power below 40 Hz took place. In the second phase, the total power increased more steeply in parallel with the power around 15 Hz, and the peak frequency shifted to about 15 Hz near exhaustion in most cases. A decrease of discharge frequency with recruitment may explain the first phase, and grouping of discharges in the recruitment may explain the second phase. No corresponding peak was observed between the power spectra of EMG and those of the upper arm tremor recorded simultaneously.

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To examine the effect of adoption or rejection of certain somatometric items upon representativeness and efficiency of a set of somatometric measurements, principal component analysis was repeatedly carried out on the correlation and the variance-covariance matrices derived from 27 somatometric measurements (15 somatic and 12 cephalic) of 17 year-old boys. The purposes of this analysis were: 1) to recognize what sort of variances are contained in the measurements which have been commonly used in somatology; 2) to dis- tinguish the indispensable items from the dependent ones if such a distinction is possible; and 3) to determine which procedure is more favourable to somatological study, calculation from a correlation matrix, or that from a variancecovariance matrix. The conclusions are: 1) it is better to analyse the cephalic items separately from the somatic items, as well as the head items from the face items; 2) main components of the human body build consist of i) development of soft tissues and visscera (robustness), ii) development of the skeletal frame work (especially long bone length), iii) trunk shape, iv) around the chest, and v) around the shoulder, and not all of 15 somatic items are necessary to express these components; 3) there may be some lack and imbalance of informations in the measurements undertaken here; and 4) as far as the present study is concerned, calculation from a correlation matrix has produced better results than calculation from a variance-covariance matrix.

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In March when the maxmal seasonal acclimatization to cold induced, five naked Japanese adults were exposed to 10°C for 2 hours. Ten parameters concerning physiological responses to cold were compared each other, and comparisons of these parameters between the subjects were made.
Measurements were made of oxygen uptake, mean skin temperature, rectal temperature, electromyogram and electrocardiogram before and during cold exposure. From these data, following parameters were calculated; heat production, increase in heat production, percent increase in heat production, decrease in mean skin temperature, ratio of increase in heat production to decrease in mean skin temperature, skin insulation, initial rise in rectal temperature, change in rectal temperature, initial change in heart rate and change in heart rate.
The heat production has a correlation with skin insulation. Parameters calculaled out of heat production correlate with initial rise in rectal temperature, and they generally correspond to shivering patterns shown by electromyography. Parameters relating to heart rate correlate with some of those relating to rectal temperature and to heat production.
From a view point of heat balance, heat production, skin insulation and change in rectal temperature or decrease in mean skin temperature were applied to three variables of a two variate multiple regression. Consequently multiple correlation coeficients approximate to 1.000 or are statistically significant. Responses to cold of these four parameters for the five subjects are summarized into three types. The first, owing to large skin insulation, rectal temperature does not fall although heat production is small. The second, due to small skin insulation, rectal temperature finally falls although they produce a considerable amount of heat. The third, in spite of the smallest skin insulation, rectal temperature does not fall because of excessive heat production. Decrease in mean skin temperature is slight for the second type, moderate for the first type and marked for the third type. These different responses to cold among individuals were suggested to form a foundation to elucidate the difference among human groups.

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The study of the origin and development of the Formative cultures is obviously one of the most important themes in the Andean prehistory. The apperance of pottery, the convergence of the pre-Chavin elements into the Chavin culture, and the diffusion of the Chavin style are phenomena most noteworthy in the Formative. It can be surmised that the cultural dynamics such as the direct contact, the indirect influence, the convergence and the diversification of various cultures originated in ecologically different regions might have generated the sophisticated tradition of the Andean civilizations. The actual process of these cultural dynamics, however, remains to be made clear. In order to throw light upon the process, it is necessary to investigate intensively the cultural sequence in many regions, so that the comparative chronological study among different regions may be done.
The excavations in 1975 at the La Pampa Site, where Y. ONUKI and T. Fujit had conducted a small-scaled investigation in 1969, were carried out to establish the chronology, especially of the Formative period, in a relatively unknown region, and to contribute some fundamental data for understanding the cultural dynamics prevailing in that time. In this paper, the pottery typology, based on the pottery sherds yielded from Mound 8 of the La Pampa site, has been presented in shape of a preliminary report, and the chronological position of the pottery types has been considered.
The earliest pottery (Phase 1) is represented exclusively by the Yesopampa Brushed type, which does not have other shape than a neckless jar, nor other decorative technique than applique fillet with impressions. Regardless decorated or plain sherds, the surface are burned black, which indicates all the vessels were used on fire as ollas. The striking homogeneity of this type itself might be considered as a character of the pottery ware which made its appearance in a region which had no precedent pottery.
In the next phase (Phase 2), while Yesopampa Brushed continues, new five types are added. The rim forms, vessel shapes, and decorations of the La Pampa Brown and La Pampa Red pottery types are all more variable than among the Yesopampa Brushed type, but these two types share the shape (neckless jars) and the decorative technique (impressed applique fillet) with the last type. Therefore, these two types may be supposed to be evolved gradually from Yesopampa Brushed, but occurrence of the sherds belonging to the types is abrupt and there are no sherds of intermediate aspects. The other three types of this phase, La Pampa Polished Black, La Pampa Polished Red and La Pampa Smoothed show Chavin elements and are different from the three types mentioned above concerning paste, vessel shapes, and decorations. The sherds of these types are rare, probably intruded from unknown regions or sites. During this phase, the Chavin pottery tradition must have arrived at La Pampa.
The last phase of the Formative at Mound 8 (Phase 3), Yesopampa Brushed disappears,
while the preceding pottery types, especially La Pampa Brown gains the popularity.There are several C 14 dates available.
Phase 1: 1400±100 B. C. (TK-186), Phase 2a: 1140±70 B. C. (TK-174), Phase 2b: 970±70 B. C. (TK-175), and Phase 3 : 670±70 B. C. (TK-176). Although definitely similar pottery types are not known in other Formative sites, but it is to be noted that there are some well-defined elements in common among Yesopama Brushed, Valdivia Brushed and some Pacopampa-Pandanche pottery; and that the change of pottery tradition in the later phases at La Pampa seems to reflect the Chavin influence.

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Die Haufigkeit der Konvexmuster der Zehen zeigt zwischen den Rassen ungefahr ahnlichen Unterschied mit deHaufigkeit der Wirbelmuster der Zehen.

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A total of 1, 530 blood samples from Japanese donors in Aomori and Fukushima were tested for their Dia and Din blood group antigens. The Di^a gene frequencies obtained were: 0.044±0.006 in Aomori and 0.035±0.005 in Fukushima. These values are very close to those obtained by other investigators for southern Japanese (0.033-0.041: UEN0 and MURAKATA, 1957; TSUCHIYA et al., 1964; MISAWA et al., 1974; YAMAGUCHI et al., 1974).

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The purpose of this investigation is to study the relations between the physical working capacity and rectal temperature during muscular exercise.
Subjects were six healthy male young adults (Table 1). 60 minutes bicycle exercises were carried out at work rates requiring 30, 40, 50 and 60% of the subjects' maximal oxygen uptake. Heart rate and rectal temperature were measured every ten minutes during the works. Rectal temperatures ranged between 36.95°C and 39.00°C while exercising (Table 2) and were classified into five groups (-37.35°C, 37.36-37.70°C, 37.71-38.05°C, 38.06-38.40°C, 38.41°C-). PWC₁₂₀, PWC₁₅₀, and PWC₁₇₀ were calculated from the regression equations of work rate on heart rate at their respective rectal temperature groups (Table 3). It was observed that PWC150 and PWC170 had a decreasing tendency at the higher rectal temperatures. Analysis of variance confirmed that the rectal temperature effect was nearly significant (Table 4).
This result means that the body temperature and working time have to be taken into consideration in evaluating to physical working capacity at least by means of using the relationship between heart rate and work rate.

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