Journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon

Methods for the Assessment of Heat Tolerance

Seiki HORI

1978 Volume 86 Issue 2 Pages 35-49
Published: April 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.86.35

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Studies on the Thermal Comfort

Keiichi YOSHIDA

1978 Volume 86 Issue 2 Pages 51-63
Published: April 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.86.51

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A review is given of existing knowledge regarding the condition for thermal comfort. Psychological, physiological, and environmental measurement for comfort condition are discussed.
The results of our survey on factory workers are illustrated and the effect on comfort condition of age, sex, seasons, races, and heat production are discussed respectively.

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Beitrag zum Studium der Finger Konvexmuster der Japaner

Goro SHIMA

1978 Volume 86 Issue 2 Pages 65-82
Published: April 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.86.65

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Genetic Study on the Local Populations in Mie Prefecture

II. Population Structure in Kamishima Island

Kazumichi KATAYAMA, Tasuku TOYOMASU, Hideo MATSUMOTO

1978 Volume 86 Issue 2 Pages 83-94
Published: April 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.86.83

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The population structure in Kamishima was investigated. Data concerning the demographic structure and marriage pattern of the islanders are presented and discussed from a viewpoint of population genetics.
The results so far obtained are as follows;
1. The Kamishima population has been nearly isolated geographically from the neiboring populations for a long time.
2. While the population size was estimated to be 500 to 600 during some hundreds years prior to the Mei ji era, it increased in number slowly since the Mei ji era until 1960. After 1960, it has been decreasing much slowly until now, and about 1000 persons are living in Kamishima.
3. The mean age at marriage is 26 to 27 years for men and 20 to 22 years for women and it has been raised gradually. From these values we can take about 30 years for the average length of a generation.
4. The endogamy rate is calculated to be 91.6%, falling in one of the highest value for isolated populations in Japan reported so far. From this it can be said that Kamishima population has been highly isolated genetically for a long time. This is consistent with the above finding (1.).
5. Although the frequency of the first cousin marriages is low, there seems to be many "remote" consanguinious marriages other than the first cousin, for example, those of second cousin, second cousin once removed, third cousin and so on and those with multifold consanguinity.
6. The frequencies of four subgroups of cousin marriages seems to be random.
7. The tendency to assortative matings with respect to surnames or relatives is not recognizable.
8. The mean inbreeding coefficient is calculated to be 0.02182 to 0.05778 on the basis of the rate of isonymous marriages, which is equivalent to something between the offspring from the first cousin (F=1/16) and the second cousin (F=1/64) marriages.
9. Since the greater portion of the inbreeding coefficient is attributed to the random component, random genetic drift has presumably much influenced the genetic structure of Kamishima population.
10. These results are consistent with those in our previous report on the distribution of some biochemical genetic markers in Kamishima (TOYOMASU et al., 1977).

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Study on the Feeling of Fatigue for Woman Workers of Social Welfare

Tadao KOGA, Kanta AOKI

1978 Volume 86 Issue 2 Pages 95-105
Published: April 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.86.95

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Feelings of fatigue of female workers of welfare service facilities were investigated with reference to their workload patterns. As subjects served 11 physical and occupational thera-pists and 20 assistants of a hospital (R), 47 nurses of another hospital (S) and 27 assistants of a home for the aged (Z). One of major complaints of female workers engaged in such welfare facilities was pain in the lower back. The nurses of hospital S worked three shifts consisting of day duty (9:00-17:00), semi-night duty (17:00-1:00) and night duty (1:00-9:00), and fatigue feelings after the day duty and the night duty showed definitely high frequency for the first component of drowsy-dull symptoms followed by the third component of physical disintegration (I-dominant type). Their semi-night duty was featured by high frequency for the second component of difficulty in concentration, the mean frequency of which was next to the first component and exceeded that of the third component (II-dominant type). The physical and occupational therapists of hospital R showed after daily work the II-dominant type, while the assistants of the hospital R and the home Z showed the I-domi-nant type. In connection with local sites of fatigue, workers of the hospital R complained frequently of fatigue and pain in the neck, shoulders, low back and feet, whereas nurses of hospital S complained mostly of fatigue and pain in, the low back and lower legs and workers of the home for the aged had frequent complaints in the shoulders, low back, legs and feet. The observed high frequencies of general and mental fatigue as well as those of local fatigue complaints of these workers were suggested to be related to chronic fatigue developing in the back and limb muscles due mainly to their typical therapeutic and helping activities at work.

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On the Assessment Method of Noise

bibliographical study and discussion

Minoru SASAKI

1978 Volume 86 Issue 2 Pages 107-118
Published: April 15, 1978
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2008

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1537/ase1911.86.107

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The nuisance due to noises in daily life has increased as one of the social problems in recent years.
In this report, various influences due to noises, noise assessment methods, unsolved problemsabout noise assessment and the modern trends for their solutions as well as physical factors required for noise assessment are discussed. The influences due to noises are classified into disturbanceof sleeping, interference with conversation, emotional troubles and functional effects such as hearing loss.
The problems which should be solved and the modern trends for solutions are discussed on following items; derivation of a unified assessment scale, possibilities of superposition of assessment values, relationship between assessment values for a short measuring period and the parmanent damage, relationship between data of the social survey and those of the hearing test in laboratory, the assessment method of the impulsive sound, the assessment method of low frequency or infra sound, and the assessment method of the community noise in residential areas such as the sound of musical instruments, air conditioning noise and others.
It is concluded that a desirable unified assessment quantity would be constructed using the following information; "A" weighted energy mean Leq, "A" weighted percentile level L10, correction due to time patterns and spectra, and correction by the time weighting during 24 hours.

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