In 1977, January, we had a chance to examine the Tundjungs, one of the ethnic groups of the Dayaks. They made several small villages near by Melak (cf. Fig. 3). They lived in the family house separately instead of the traditional longhouse, because their longhouse was too old (cf. Photo. 19 and 20). Melak was situated in the basin of the Mahakam River, located near the equator and about 350km north-west far from Samarinda, east Kalimantan (cf. Fig. 1 and 2).
Fifty-two males and thirty-six females of the Tundjungs were surveyed in three small villages (Tongkok, Jolek and Sekolah Darat). Their average age was probably 38 years old in males and 40 years old in females (cf. Table 1).
Results of the observations of the head: 1. Hairs of head: black or dark brown, smooth and soft.2.Hairs of face: poor. 3. Breadth of face: medium (cf. Table 2).4.Breadth of mandible: medium (cf. Table 3). 5. Form of mandible: sharp (cf. Table 4).6.Height of forehead: high (cf.Table 5).7.Breadth of fore head: medium (cf. Table 6). 8. Projection of malar bone: medium. 9. Projection of superciliary arch: weak. 10. Type of nasal bridge: straight (cf. Table 7). 11. Height of nasal tip: medium (cf. Table 8). 12. Breadth of nasal wing: medium (cf. Table 9). 13. Direction of rima palpebrarum : holizontal. 14. Thickness of superior palpebra : medium. 15. Type of upper eyelid fold: type III (the inner ends of eyelid fold coming in contact with the angulus oculi
nasalis, cf. Table 10 and Photo 9). 16. Size of oral fissure: medium (cf. Table 11). 17. Thickness of upper and lower lips: medium (cf. Table 12). 18. Type of ear lobule: round (cf. Table 13).
Results of the measurements and the indices of the head: 1.Head length: 184.1±O.9mm in males and 175.5±0.8mm in females (cf. Table 14). 2. Type of head length: medium (cf. Table 15). 3. Head breadth: 147.8±0.6mm in males and 142.2±O.8mm in females (cf. Table 14). 4. Type of head breadth: narrow (cf. Table 16). 5. Bizygomatic breadth: 136.0±O.6mm in males and 129.2±0.8 in females (cf. Table 14). 6. Type of facial breadth: narrow in males and medium in females (cf. Table 17). 7. Bigonial breadth: 103.7±O.6mm in males and 97.4±O.6mm in females (cf. Table 14). 8. Morphological facial height (measured from not nasion but supraorbital level to gnathion): 125.4±O.9mm in males and 116.9±l.0mm in females (cf. Table 14). 9. Cephalic index: 80.4±0.5 in males and 81.3±0.6 in females (cf. Table 18). 10. Type of cephalic index: mesocephalic (cf. Table 19). 11. Transverse cephalof acial index: 92.4±0.4 in males and 90.8±0.4 in females (cf. Table 18). 12. Zygomandibular index: 75.5±0.4 in males and 75.5±0.5 in females (cf. Table 18).
From the comparison of the head length, the head breadth, the cephalic index, the bizygomatic breadth and the bigonial breadth among the tribes in Borneo, the Tundjung is classifiedinto the same ethnic group of the Kenyas and the Kayans (cf. Fig. 5, Tables 20 and 21).
According to the racial map of Kalimantan appeared in the Kesusasteraan Indonesia No. 5, the Tundjung lives in the close area to the Kenyas and the Kayans (cf.Fig.4).This factseems to support the above classification.

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A standardized method of full grasping power test has been carried out to examine the accuracy of the home made Smedley dynamometers.
The five types of instrument 100 kg of maximum measure and the three types of instrument 50kg maximum measure, which were newly prepared, were examined. After the loading test, the indicators of instruments did not accord with given load. The spontaneous change of the accuracy of the dynamometers, which were allowed to stand for one year, was found with significant differences.
The full grasping power of sixteen male and three female subjects was measured about ten thousands times for each of five types of dynamometer, the space of ten months. An effect of exercise on full grasping power was recognised in the first 40 to 60 days in spite of the differences of the instruments. A week instrument was prefered because of the higher results. The time of better condition for measure was from 10 to 11 a. m. and from 2 to 3 p. m. The earlier grasp displayed the higher result.

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Comparing data of our fieldwork in 1977 with those in 1956 (Imai, 1959), the change of dietary pattern in Aden community (28°20′N, 129°60′E) is represented by accepting in part bread and milk' instead of 'rice and miso (made of soybean) soup'in the menu, increasing such protein-rich foods as meats, fish and milk, and dwindling the intake of sweet potato. This appears to coincide with the decline of self-sufficient products in their diet, which has been caused by the change of farming system towards the monoculture of sugarcane as a commercial crop. The nutritive intake has altered as well, defficient calcium and vitamin B2 being relieved, while vitamin A lowering.
An emphasis is put on the food intake of the individuals and that of the households differing each other. The principal factor analysis (one of multidimensional analyses) on the quantities of food groups categorized into 15 educed factors, the first and second of which are recognized as a 'rare to frequent in menu' factor and a 'traditional to modern' factor respectively. The findings inlcude that the 'modern' pattern is favored by the younger individuals and by the households with the younger, and that the varied menu is more intensified by housewives than heads, and by households with a higher income than those with a lower.

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The relation between integrated EMG and tension during voluntary isometric contraction was compared in each of the following: M. flexor pollicis brevis, M. biceps brachii, M. rectus femoris, M. biceps femoris and M. tibialis anterior. Also relation between EMG recorded from each muscle and skinfold thickness above that muscle was investigated.
Experiments were made on a total of 15 young adult females (age 21-22).
Integrated surface EMG was recorded during the mid portion of a 8 sec. period of sustaining contraction. The exerted force measured at distal phalange of pollex, wrist and ankle was 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10kg. Maximal and 1/2 maximal contraction was also made. Skinfold thickness on the muscle were measured with a skinfold caliper. Results are summarized as follows:
1) Integrated EMG increased approximately linearly with exerted force in every muscle.The slope of regression lines for various muscles differed markedly. Regression coefficient were decreasing in the followig order:
M. flexor pollicis brevis, M. biceps brachii, M. tibialis anterior, M. triceps brachii, M. biceps femoris, M. rectus femoris.
2) Analysis was made relationship between the maximum value of integrated EMG (that is EMG obtained during maximal contraction) and skinfold thikness. As regards a paticular muscle, individual variation of the skinfold thickness above that muscle showed no systematic variation with integrated EMG. When various muscles are viewed as a whole, however, significant negative correlation between integrated EMG and skinfold thickness was found.
After logarithmic transformation for integrated EMG (Y, arbitrary unit) and skinfold thickness (X, cm), linear regression line was fitted. The regression coefficient was -0.661, (r=-0.568) showing that original relationship can be expressed by the formula Y=aX^-0.661 where "a" is a constant.
3) By means of analysis of covariance, the maximum integrated EMG for each subject and for each muscle was adjusted to the skinfold thickness. There still remained significant difference among various muscles concerning the maximal EMG. Examined muscles could be arranged in the following decreasing order with respect to maximal EMG: M. flexor pollicis brevis, M. biceps brachii, M. tibialis anterior, M. triceps brachii, M. biceps femoris, M. rectus femoris.

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A male skull with gashes by swords on its left temporal and left facial skeleton was found at Karasuma-Demizu, Kamigyo, Kyoto. The skull which was supposed to be reburied there in 16 century A. D. shows the craniometrical chracteristics both of the Medieval people and of his individuality.

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