最新巻号
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巻号一覧
野生生物と社会
- Vol.4(2016)
  - No.2 p.1-
  - No.1 p.1-
- Vol.3(2015)
  - No.2 p.1-
  - No.1 p.1-
- Vol.2(2014)
  - No.2 p.1-
  - No.1 p.1-
- Vol.1(2013)
  - No.2 p.1-
  - No.1 p.1-

前身誌

野生生物保護

野生生物と社会 Vol. 4(2016) No. 2

原著

2012年から2014年の北海道東部太平洋側における定置網による鰭脚類の混獲状況

羽根田貴行, 諸星綾, 小林万里

公開日: 2017年06月17日

p.1-10

The Pacific Ocean along the coast of eastern Hokkaido is rich in marine resources and many pinniped species inhabit the area. In this study, we report the pinniped numbers and species that are incidentally caught in salmon set nets in the waters off eastern Hokkaido from spring to autumn in 2012-2014.

As a result, the number of by-catch individuals was higher in spring than in autumn, with the majority of animals caught in Konbumori and Hamanaka, respectively. Individuals of all the pinniped species that inhabit the Hokkaido coast were caught in spring. The main seal species caught in this season were harbor seals, spotted seals, and northern fur seals, whereas the majority of by-catch animals in autumn were harbor seals. Most of the by-catch seals were young individuals. However, in addition to pups, pregnant northern fur seal females were caught incidentally, likely while moving northward to breed. Migratory pinnipeds depends on the environment, the change in the number of by-catch by year was great. In contrast, resident species changed little.

Therefore, status of the by-catch of migratory pinnipeds can be used as an indicator of environmental changes, whereas, the current inhabitant changes for resident species such as harbor seals.

猟法の違いがイノシシ捕獲個体の齢比と成獣の性比に与える影響

後藤直子, 竹下和貴, 丸山哲也, 梶光一

公開日: 2017年06月17日

p.11-18

Hunting statistics provide valuable information for planning and conducting appropriate ungulate management. We compared the age- and adult sex-ratios of three wild boar sub-populations under three hunting methods (box trap, snare trap, and gun) using hunting statistics collected by Tochigi prefecture between FY1997 and FY2013. These sub-populations are genetically distinct, and differed in each distributed period. In all regions, the ratios of adult wild boar hunted by gun and captured by snare trap were higher than that by box trap. Furthermore, in all regions, there were no differences in adult sex ratios among all hunting methods. Selective hunting techniques for adult wild boar might exist in gun and snare trap hunting. An analysis of hunting methods using long-term hunting statistics is necessary for future wild boar management with limited funds and hunting effort.

報告

北海道・襟裳岬に生息するゼニガタアザラシによるサケ定置網の被害状況の評価～アザラシの対網行動と漁業被害アンケート調査から～

増渕隆仁, 大山奈緒子, 相崎翔, 岡田華奈, 大野慧, 石川昭, 越後啓之, 鈴木公一, 駿河秀雄, 小林万里

公開日: 2017年06月17日

p.19-27

In the 1970s, about 50 Kuril harbor seals (Phoca vitulina stejnegeri) were observed hauling out in Cape Erimo, Hokkaido, Japan. However, the number increased to approximately 600 individuals in the 2000s, which was 12 times the number recorded previously. Consequently, damage to the fish catch in the salmon fixed nets also increased and has become a serious problem. However, very few quantitative assessment reports have been published about the 70 incidents of damage to fish catches.

In this study, we tracked the seals using acoustic telemetry in order to understand their behavior around the nets, and we also carried out a questionnaire survey to ascertain the number of salmon that were damaged by seals and the behavior of the 75 incidental seals caught in the nets between 2012 and 2015.

The results indicated a large number of seals stayed around set net “M,” which is the closest net to the haul-out site (located about 3 km east of the site). They visited the site frequently and for long periods of time. The proportion of salmon bitten by seals was also large in the “M” net, and the percentage has risen every year. Furthermore, the number of seals caught (85) was also high in net “M.”

This study investigated the damage to the salmon fishery fixed equipment caused by Kuril harbor seals in Japan by evaluating seal behavior and by undertaking a questionnaire survey.

地域住民に向けた生物に関する情報発信手段の検討：研究者による小学校での授業の波及効果

松田春菜, 田代優秋

公開日: 2017年06月17日

p.29-37

In order to convey information on new endemic species, a scientist gave a lecture to elementary school children. In the study, the additional effects of the lecture on the local community were assessed through a questionnaire, which was administered to the children's guardians. In the lecture, the characteristics of the species and molluscan fauna in the region were described. According to the results of the questionnaire, close to 90% of guardians heard about the lecture from the children, which is higher than the recognition gained from news reports about the findings on the species. The children positively informed their guardians of the visual characteristics they had observed, which were not limited to details presented in the lecture. The guardians' impressions were categorized into four types: (1) the impression of the species, (2) thoughts on their children; (3) wishes, such as for others to know about the species, and (4) motives to gain a better understanding of the species. The multiple choices showed that the last category had a general trend, indicating that when a scientist explains a species for children, the guardians might perceive it as valuable through the children. In addition, nearly half of the guardians said they talked about the species to others afterward. The lecture is considered to be effective for producing a relationship between local residents and endemic species.

岐阜県におけるニホンジカによる落葉広葉樹林の下層植生衰退状況の把握

角田裕志, 和田敏, 安藤正規

公開日: 2017年06月17日

p.39-46

It is concerned that intensive browsing by sika deer (Cervus nippon) has caused declines and disappearances of vegetations in forest floor, resulting in degradations of forest ecosystems across Japan. To determine the effects of deer browsing on forest ecosystems in Gifu Prefecture, we surveyed the decline of understory vegetation in deciduous hardwood forests in 376 forest stands using the shrub-layer decline rank (SDR), which was assessed by combining the coverage of the shrub-layer vegetation and the presence of signs of browsing by sika deer in each forest stand. We found that remarkable declines of vegetations (i.e., shrub-layer vegetation coverage was less than 38%) due to deer browsing were observed in 31.1% of the surveyed stands. We then estimated the spatial distribution of SDR in deciduous hardwood forests, based on sampled data, using a spatial interpolation method in the Geographic Information System. The results of the spatial estimation indicated that remarkable vegetation declines due to deer browsing could be occurred in 22.2% of the forests (1,133.5 km²), mainly distributed western and central areas of the prefecture. Moreover, our findings indicated that effects of deer browsing on forest ecosystem have started to expand northward and eastward of the prefecture. For conservation of forest ecosystem, we suggest reinforcing sika deer culling in the northern and eastern areas of Gifu Prefecture, where numbers of deer caught were relatively smaller than those in the western and central areas.

5件の該当記事より1～5件を表示しています。

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バックナンバー

巻号一覧
野生生物と社会

前身誌

野生生物と社会 Vol. 4(2016) No. 2

原著

2012年から2014年の北海道東部太平洋側における定置網による鰭脚類の混獲状況

猟法の違いがイノシシ捕獲個体の齢比と成獣の性比に与える影響

報告

北海道・襟裳岬に生息するゼニガタアザラシによるサケ定置網の被害状況の評価～アザラシの対網行動と漁業被害アンケート調査から～

地域住民に向けた生物に関する情報発信手段の検討：研究者による小学校での授業の波及効果

岐阜県におけるニホンジカによる落葉広葉樹林の下層植生衰退状況の把握

システムメンテナンス

J-STAGEからのお知らせ

ジャーナルツール

この資料を共有

巻号一覧 野生生物と社会

前身誌

野生生物と社会 Vol. 4(2016) No. 2

原著

2012年から2014年の北海道東部太平洋側における定置網による鰭脚類の混獲状況

猟法の違いがイノシシ捕獲個体の齢比と成獣の性比に与える影響

報告

北海道・襟裳岬に生息するゼニガタアザラシによるサケ定置網の被害状況の評価～アザラシの対網行動と漁業被害アンケート調査から～

地域住民に向けた生物に関する情報発信手段の検討：研究者による小学校での授業の波及効果

岐阜県におけるニホンジカによる落葉広葉樹林の下層植生衰退状況の把握

システムメンテナンス

J-STAGEからのお知らせ

ジャーナルツール

この資料を共有

巻号一覧
野生生物と社会