Wildlife and Human Society
Online ISSN : 2424-2365
Print ISSN : 2424-0877
ISSN-L : 2424-0877
Volume 9
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
Case Report
  • Emi Toda, Kazuhiro Katoh, Takeshi Furuichi
    2021 Volume 9 Pages 1-13
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: September 18, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     国際的な自然保護・保全のシステムのひとつユネスコエコパークの持つ地域振興を担うという役割を,地域住民が適切に認識しているのかを考察した.調査対象である屋久島町は世界自然遺産地域を有し,全域がユネスコエコパークでもある国内唯一の自治体である.拡張登録承認をまたぐ期間に現地で行った聞き取り調査を言語分析にかけ,ユネスコエコパークの機能「生物多様性の保全」「学術的支援」「経済と社会の発展」がどのように認識されているのか,回答者の発言内容と発語の類似性から検討し,考察を加えた.

     分析の結果,ユネスコエコパークは,自然保護,学術・教育に関心がある人に語られ,世界自然遺産はじめ保護制度と共に語られる傾向が認められた.ユネスコエコパークが口永良部島に対する支援策とされるため,島の目指す学術交流,人的交流が語られ易かったことも考えられた.総体として,ユネスコエコパークは,回答者に地域振興や生活に結びつけて認識される傾向は弱いと考えられた.理由として,世界自然遺産の経済効果が顕著であるためにユネスコエコパークとしての活動に地域住民の関心が向かないこと,また,地区ごとの産業形態や生活文化の多様性,保護制度の影響にも相違があり,地域振興の文脈が地区により異なることが考えられた.さらに,保護制度と観光との葛藤の存在に全島的な自然環境の管理体制の欠如も影響し,住民には保護制度が理解し難いと考えられた.そこに,ユネスコエコパークの保護制度としての役割が強調され,その地域振興の役割に対する住民の認識が阻害される可能性も示唆された.

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  • Masato Minami, Tsuyoshi Takeshita, Shinpei Kawarai, Kensuke Taira, Shi ...
    2021 Volume 9 Pages 15-24
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: December 11, 2021
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     長野県小諸市の野生動物マネジメントシステムは全国的に注目されている.捕獲事業を猟友会依存から行政の直轄事業へと切り替え,専門的な知見を有する野生鳥獣専門員が指揮し特別職非常勤公務員として委嘱された実施隊員などで構成される「小諸市野生鳥獣対策実施隊」による効率的な捕獲が行われるシステムが構築された.猟友会委託時に比べるとシカの捕獲数は約3倍,被害額は約4分の1となり,被害軽減に大きな成果をもたらした.また,その活動と成果の記録が行政へ集約され,錯誤捕獲問題にも責任をもった対応が行われている.さらに,捕獲個体の処分費の軽減と鳥獣被害対策費の財源確保を主たる目的として,おもに捕獲数の多いシカを利活用する「小諸市野生鳥獣商品化事業」が実行され,小諸市野生鳥獣商品化施設が整備された.近隣の佐久市,軽井沢町からの搬入も行われるようになり,広域の駆除個体の処理を担う施設となった.2019年度(令和元年度)の利活用頭数は1,519頭まで増加し,小諸市にて許可捕獲された219頭は,全て利活用された.事業損益は2018年度(平成30年度)には黒字化を達成した.利活用の中心的商品であるペットフードの安全性や機能性,さらに高付加価値製品の開発などについて麻布大学との共同研究が行われている.

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  • Nariaki Onda, Tadatsugu Hosoya, Yukako Inoue, Kazuyuki Ban, Kanako Tom ...
    2021 Volume 9 Pages 25-33
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     Zoos are expected to play a role in environmental education. However, zoos have not been able to provide sufficient opportunities for experiential learning to the age groups from the upper grades of elementary school to university students, who rarely have the opportunity to visit a zoo. Zoos are required to carry out various recruiting and public relations activities to increase the opportunities of coming to a zoo for these age groups. This study aimed to collect basic information relevant to pursuing the potential of zoos as a site of environmental education for these age groups. A questionnaire survey targeting 479 vocational school students in the city of Fukuoka was administered. As a result, zoos were generally recognized as a place for recreation. In contrast, some students interested in animals considered zoos to be a place for learning, and it is necessary to increase their satisfaction with this purpose. To enhance the role of the zoo as a place of environmental education, it is necessary to devise exhibitions in which animals can be enjoyed and to satisfy the basic requirements of visitors who visit for various purposes. It will be possible to promote the environmental education role of zoos by encouraging and arousing interest in the age group and connecting them to learning.

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  • Hiroshi Tsunoda, Kazuya Umezawa
    2021 Volume 9 Pages 65-74
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     There have been rising concerns for invasions of alien smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in lotic systems and its ecological impacts on native aquatic biodiversity in Japan. We surveyed the invasion of smallmouth bass and their food habits in an urban stream, Shingashi River in Kawagoe-city, Saitama, Japan. We observed that mature adult smallmouth bass seasonally migrate to an urban stream between the end of spring and summer for spawning. In addition, we observed that the hatched fry grew up to juvenile stage in the stream from summer to autumn and then emigrate during autumn-winter seasons. The sampled fishes predominantly preyed on non-indigenous large crustaceans; however, they demonstrated ontogeny dietary shifts, foraging on freshwater shrimp at juvenile stage to crayfish at adult stage. Our findings suggest that the mature adult fishes might prefer sites with depth and slow current velocity for spawning. Capturing the mature adults in those sites during their reproductive season might be an effective strategy for population control and eradication of the invasive species from the stream.

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Original Paper
  • Daiki Tomojiri, Prachya Musikasinthorn, Akihisa Iwata
    2021 Volume 9 Pages 35-56
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     We conducted semi-structured interviews at 44 local markets in the lowermost Chao Phraya River basin, Thailand, to examine: (1) species composition, (2) economic importance, and (3) the utilization of native and non-native freshwater fishes sold by local vendors. Four geographical regions were sampled: Rangsit Area, East Coastal Zone, West Bank, and West Coastal Zone. We recorded a total of 19 families, 33 genera and 43 species of fish (70% native and 30% non-native). The species sold in local markets, and their diversity, did not differ greatly between regions. Most fish sold in the markets were imported from other provinces in central Thailand, while locally caught/produced fish were rare. Non-native species had higher economic value and larger sales volumes than native species, indicating that non-native fishes currently form the major food source for local inhabitants. These findings indicate that non-native fishes provide ecosystem services as members of the lowermost Chao Phraya River Basin ecosystem, but they also suggest that such services may include disservices, depending on the species and areal/temporal contexts. Therefore, management of non-native fishes should involve a species- and site-specific approach from multiple perspectives. We need a better understanding of the interrelationships between people and non-native fishes to promote more efficient management of ecosystems in the lowermost Chao Phraya River Basin.

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  • Rio Toma, Toshihito Takagi, Donovan Anderson, Ryoga Saitoh, Yosuke Sem ...
    2021 Volume 9 Pages 57-64
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: February 01, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     The number of Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) populations continues to increase contributing to the wide distribution of deer in Japan. However, historically, anthropogenic impacts caused the near extinction of Japanese sika deer in the Tohoku region of Northeast Japan. In recent history, Japanese sika deer have been able to repopulate many parts of the Tohoku region. In order to understand the complex histories of these deer populations, we investigated the origin of Japanese sika deer in the southern Aizu region in Fukushima Prefecture using mitochondrial DNA. As a result, two major lineages of Japanese sika deer were identified in the southern Aizu region. These two lineages were shared or closely related to that of Japanese sika deer in Kanto region, which suggests that the southern Tohoku deer populations were originated from this region. In addition, these haplotypes were closely related to those found in Yamagata Prefecture, suggesting that deer populations in southern Aizu region were likely the source of deer populations that have expanded in the north. Here, we show that mitochondrial DNA analysis can be used to elucidate the origin of new populations of Japanese sika deer. Future studies will need to clarify our findings using population structure of Japanese sika deer, including deer in the northern Kanto region.

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  • Hiroki Matsuzaki, Hirofumi Sanada, Naofumi Wada
    2021 Volume 9 Pages 75-85
    Published: 2021
    Released on J-STAGE: February 15, 2022
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

     This paper presents and discusses the acoustic measurement results of four different alert whistles that produce sounds through airflow and the investigation results of reactions of sika deer (Cervus nippon) to alert sounds played from a vehicle mounted loudspeaker. The acoustic measurement of the alert whistles revealed that the basic acoustic characteristics of these whistles are similar, and it was confirmed that these whistles produce sounds of approximately 3 kHz, which are similar to deer alarm calls or sounds of approximately 17-18 kHz. However, none of the sounds could be confirmed in the measurement experiments while the vehicle was running. The investigation of the sika deer reaction to the alert whistles sounds confirmed that the sika deer provided a vigilant reaction to the sounds of approximately 3 kHz and to those of deer alert played back through a loudspeaker.

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