In the presence of D-mannose as a glucosyl acceptor, crystalline Takamaltase acts on phenyl-α-glucoside to produce 3-O-α-D-glucosylmannose and 6-O-α-D-glucosylmannose. These transglucosidation products were characterized by their phenylosazone derivatives, their mobility on paper, acid hydrolysis products and reduction with sodium borohydride.

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Feeding day-old White Leghorn male chicks 9 different diets for 4 weeks with theorthogonal composite design, we studied the relationship among dietary protein, energy levels and chick's responses.
The ellipsoid relationship has been found fitted to describe the relationship between dietary composition and weight gain or feed efficiency of chicks, whereas declined planes are fitted to show the relationship between dietary composition and carcass protein or fat levels of chicks. Dietary protein level has great influence on nitrogen retention, but dietary energy level has little effect.
The linear relationship between total digestible nutrients and metabolizable energy in diets is presented.

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In the course of studies on biochemical production of adenosine and its related substances, the authors developed new simplified methods for determination of adenine, hypoxanthine, and some of their nucleosides and nucleotides. The methods are;(i) paper chromatography for detection of adenine, hypoxanthine and their nucleosides with a new solvent system, methylisobutylketone-acetic acid-water, in short running of 17cm, and for detection of 5'-nucleotides with two dimensional development utilizing borate complex formation, (ii) charcoal column method for quantitative determination of adenine, hypoxanthine and adenosine in cultured broth with stepwise elution technique, and (iii) simplified ion-exchange column methods for quantitative determination of adenine nucleotides in phosphorylation mixtures of adenosine with yeast cells.

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Mutants of Bacillus subtilis Marburg capable of synthesizing adenosine from adenine in high yield were described. The mutants of B. subtilis Marburg 160 (tryptophan-dependent, streptomycin-resistant) were isolated via either ultraviolet light irradiation or 2, 6-diaminopurine treatment. In experiments with 2, 6-diaminopurine, mutants were obtained in very high frequency. It was found that mutants with purine dependency besides tryptophan requirement and streptomycin resistance, accumulated large amounts of adenosine when grown in a glucose mineral medium containing large amounts of adenine. The parent strain and mutants with amino acids, thiamine or adenine dependency, on the other hand, accumulated only small amounts of adenosine and large amounts of hypoxanthine from adenine.

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The production and isolation of a new toxic substance, Teleocidin, and its biological properties were previously reported. Thereafter it has been found that an other strain ofStreptomycesproduced such specific toxic substance as Teleocidin in its cultured mycellium. Comparative tests of these two purified crystalline powders showed the new toxic substance resembles Teleocidin closely though differs in certain chemical properties. Therefore, the original Teleocidin is designated Teleocidin A, whereas that produced by a new strain of Streptomycesis named Teleocidin B, which had been tentatively called as the SK-toxic substance.
From the results of the chemical studies of Teleocidin B and its hydrogenated derivative, which was easily obtained as a crystalline form by the catalytic hydrogenation of Teleocidin B with Adam's catalyst, molecular formula, C₂₈H_39-41N₃O₂ was postulated for Teleocidin B.
It was also recognized that an alcoholic hydroxyl, a lactam ring and a heterocyclic ring like indole or pyrrole structure existed as the functional groups of Teleocidin B.

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A new toxic substance, Teleocidin B, was isolated from the mycellium of aSStreptomyces. The chemical structure of this compound was studied using its crystalline hydrogenated derivative (Hydroteleocidin B). As the results of these studies, a new acid anhydride named teleocidic anhydride was isolated by the oxidative degradation and it was postulated as 3, 6-dimethyl-6-amyl-1-cyclohexene-1, 2-dicarboxylic anhydride. The partial structure of Hydroteleocidin B was also discussed in this paper.

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Chicks were fed on diets containing 23% of protein with various levels of energyfrom 60 to 75%. Total digestible nutrient is used to show the dietary energy level. The relationship between body weight gain (y) of chicks of 4 weeks fed with standard diets and dietary energy level (x) can be shown as:
y=6.00x-162 By substitution ofyof chicks fed on unknown diet, xof the diet can be obtained.
With this principle, it was found that thetotal digestible nutrients of raw and cooked sweet potato were 47% and 65%, respectively. The former is about 3/4 of the value previously estimated by Morimoto. Results of the determination of metabolizable energy of the test diets endorse the reliability of this conclusion.

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Chicks were fed on diets of yellow corn or raw sweet potato as carbohydrate source, for 19 and 15 weeks, each. Dietary protein and energy levels were so adjusted that the samelevel was kept both in corn and sweet potato diets.
When total digestible nutrients of raw sweet potato was estimated to be 47%, the growth rate of chicks fed with sweet potato was exactly the same as that of the chicks fed on corn. We ascertained that raw sweet potato has the same nutritive value as corn on the available energy basis, and its available energy is hitherto much over-estimated.
Digestibility of carbohydrate in raw sweet potato diet was lower than that of corn diet but increased by the age of chicks, whereas that of corn diet remained constant at 92%.

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The effect of age on non-protein constituents of tobacco leaves (N. tabacurn L., var. Bright Yellow) has been studied. For this purpose leaves in three different stalk positions, upper, middle and lower, which represent young, mature and over-mature leaves, respectively, were harvested in the day-time and at night.
The total amino nitrogen content both in the day-time and at night decreases from the upper leaf position downwards. As for the individual groups, the content of both upper and middle leaves increases in the day-time and that of the lower ones increases at night.
In general, the content of the individual amino acids is high in the upper leaves and low in the lower ones. Proline and γ-aminobutyric acid, as a ratio of the total amino acid content, show a marked difference with position, in other words with age of the leaves.
The levels of proline decrease very sharply from the upper leaf position downwards and that of γ-aminobutyric acid exhibits an opposite trend in both samples at night and in the day-time. These trends are very prominent in the case of the midribs.
The contents of other amino acids, regardless of position, show similar trends with time to those reported in the previous paper, and the aspartic acid content increases at night.

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Five crystalline compounds, two colored and three colorless, have been isolated from the mycelium of Helicobasidium mompa TANAKA, a root-infecting plant pathogen. One of the colorless crystals was identified as D-arabitol. Chemical studies of the other substances are going on.

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Yellow needle crystals, C₂₁H₂₀O₁₃·H₂O have been isolated from tea leaves. The crystals yield myricetin (hexaacetate, m. p.211-212°C), glucose and galactose on hydrolysis. As analytical data indicate the molecular ratio of myricetin to the sugars to be 1: 1 and the only bonding position of the sugars to be position 3 of the aglycone, the crystals are concluded to consist of two kinds of glycosides, namely myricetin-3-glucoside and myricetin-3-galactoside.

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As an application of the reaction of alkyl halide with senecioate in liquid ammonia, a new synthetic method of lavandulol and isolavandulol was described.

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Toxicities of some nicotinoids as an insecticide were determined. 5'-methylnornicotine, a new synthetic isomer of nicotine, shows similar toxicity to nicotine. The essential moiety in nicotinoids molecule responsible for high toxicity may be 3-pyridylmethylamine group, the amino nitrogen of which must have high basicity (pK_a': 7.4-9.0). All nicotinoids of high toxicity are estimated to be largely as monocation at physiological pH of 7.

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