Investigation was carried out about the aroma constituents of “KOGYOKU” apples. After ethereal extraction and fractional distillation, 23g of neutral oil was obtained from 21.7kg of commercial natural flavour essence. Carbonyl compounds remained mostly in aqueous phase. The yield was 0.0007% of the original fruits in weight basis.
The following compounds were isolated; ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, n-amyl alcohol, (-)-2-methyl butanol, n-hexyl alcohol, hexene-3-ol, n-propyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, n-amyl acetate, n-hexyl acetate, ethyl caproate, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, n-propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, 2-hexenal, nonyl aldehyde, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, benzoic acid, and an unknown α, β-unsaturated acid.

抄録全体を表示

Investigation has been carried out on the constituents of the monoterpene fraction of geranium oil from Pelargonium roseum Bourbon and, besides well-known components of the oil, some new components such as epoxylinalool, methyl heptenone, myrcene, limonene, p-cymene, citral and 2, 2, 6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-tetrahydropyran which was confirmed by deriving to cinenic acid, have been identified.

抄録全体を表示

Studies were made on the formation of glutamate-alanine transaminase and glutamate-aspartate transaminase of Aspergillus sojae K. S.
1. The formation of the glutamate-alanine transaminase and glutamate-aspartate transaminase was stimulated by starvation and by incubating the mycelia with γ-glutamic hydrazide (0.1_??_10.0mM) or hydrazine (0.1_??_5.0mM).
2. Ammonia formation was slightly increased during or after incubation with γ-glutamic hydrazide. Increased ammonia formation could be connected with the stimulation by the analogue of the transaminase formation. The inhibition of synthesis of L-glutamine or its derivative might be concerned.
3. Studies were made on the effects of culture periods, C:N ratio of culture medium, glucose, ammonia, amino acids, D-glutamic acid, L-glutamine and L-citrulline, on the stimulation of the transaminase formation by γ-glutamic hydrazide and hydrazine. It was concluded that L-glutamine or its derivative probably concerns with the transaminase formation.

抄録全体を表示

A glycine-resistant strain of Bacillus subtilis was obtained after several time-subcultures of glycine-sensitive parent in a glycine-containing medium, and comparison in the chemical composition of cell wall was made between both strains. The major amino acid components were alanine, glutamic and diaminopimelic acid. Glucose, rhamnose, glucosamine and muramic acid were also found as the common sugar components in both cell walls. However, muramic acid in the cell wall of resistant strain was significantly less than that in the sensitive parent. Also, galactose and galactosamine were found only in the wall preparation of the resistant cells.

抄録全体を表示

Pyrethrin II, cinerin II, allethrin II, pyrethrin II isomer, and allethrin II isomer were prepared by esterification of rethrolons with (+)-trans-pyrethric acid and (+)-trans- methyl-2, 2-dimethyl-3-(2'-carboxy-l'-propenyl) cyclopropanecarboxylate and their relative toxicities to pyre-thrin I, cinerin I and allethrin I against houseflies were measured by counting “mortality” and “knock-down percent”

抄録全体を表示

One of oxidation products from (±)-cis-chrysanthemic acid with aqueous potassium permanganate was an acid melting at 243°C, which had been believed to be an isomer of (±)-cis-dihydroxydihydrochrysanthemic acids, but the structure of the acid was confirmed to be an acetal of (±)-cis-caronhalfaldehydic acid with (±)-cis-dihydroxydihydrochrysanthemic acid. On the other hand, an acid melting at 189°C was isolated from the same oxidation mixture, which afforded a lactol of (±)-cis-caronhalfaldehydic acid by the oxidation with aqueous periodic acid, and afforded (±)-cis-ketol-chrysanthemic acid by the oxidation with aqueous potassium permanganate.
(±)-cis-Ketol-chrysanthemic acid was converted to already known (±)-trans-ketol-chrysanthemic acid on heating with aqueous sodium hydroxide. Now the acid melting at 189°C was confirmed to be an isomer of (±)-cis-dihydroxydihydrochrysanthemic acid.

抄録全体を表示

An attempt was made to clarify how Pellicularia filamentosa f. sp. microsclerotia IFO 6298 capable of hydroxylating C₂₁-steroids at the C-19 position converts C₁₉-steroids, especially monohydroxyderivatives of androst-4-ene-3, 17-dione. Such substrates as 11β-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (I), androst-4-ene-3, 11, 17-trione (II), androsta-l, 4-diene-3, 17-dione (III), 11β-hydroxy-androsta-l, 4-diene-3, 17-dione (IV), 14α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (V), 15α-hydroxyand-rost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (VI) and 9α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (VII) were converted by the organism. All the main and several minor products were then isolated and identified. As a result it is concluded that this organism converts I and II into 14α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 11, 17-trione, III and IV into 14α-hydroxyandrosta-1, 4-diene-3, 11, 17-trione, V into llβ, l4α-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (main) and 11β, 14α-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (minor, a tentative structure), VI into 11β, 15α-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (main) and 15α-hydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 11, 17-trione (minor, a tentative structure) and VII into 9α, 14α-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (main) and 6β, 9α-dihydroxyandrost-4-ene-3, 17-dione (minor).
In addition, the structural requirement of substrate for the 19-hydroxylation catalyzed by the organism and the influence of a hydroxyl group on steroid nucleus upon the 11β- and 14α-hydroxylations and the 11β-OH-dehydrogenation was discussed.

抄録全体を表示

In the course of studies on sugar metabolism in bacteria, a strain of Brevibacterium fuscum isolated from soil, was found to convert various sugars such as glucose, mannose, sucrose, maltose, gluconic acid, fructose etc. into C₈-, C₅- and C₆- ketoses. After separating from fer-mented broth, these ketoses were identified as dihydroxyacetone (DHA), ketopentose and ketohexose respectively. The increase and decrease of ketoses accumulation in the fermenta-tion process were investigated, and furthermore the effects of various chemicals on dihydroxy-acetone production by this organism were studied with the use of washed resting cells.

抄録全体を表示

The effects of dietary protein level on young adult rats were studied from body composition changes, food consumption and nitrogen balance. It was found that the food consumption per body protein increased in rats fed on the diets containing less than 15% of casein compared to those fed on the higher protein diets. This means that the energy efficiency of diets with respect to body protein maintenance decreased in those rats. The relationship among this phenomenon and body composition changes and nitrogen balance were discussed.

抄録全体を表示

A study is made on the oxidation of a mixture containing epigallocatechin and epicatechin with tea oxidase as well as a oxidizing reagent, in order to understand the formation of red pigments in tea manufacture. As the reaction proceeds a remarkable colored substance is formed, which can be obtained in reddish orange needles (from water) and is supposed to be a troponoid compound having a 3', 4'-dihydroxybenzotropolone nucleus as suggested by a tentative structural formula III from a consideration of its spectral characteristics.

抄録全体を表示