(1) The microbiological method for the separation by paper chromatography and the determination of deoxyribosides with Lacto-bacillus leichmannii 7830 as a test organism was devised. The method described in this paper is very specific, and has high sensitivity for deoxyribosides, and it is possible to determine 100_??_500mμg, namely 1_??_2×10^-9 mole levels of deoxyribosides per 5ml medium., It is found that all fine deoxyribosides tested have the same growth-promoting. effect. The recoveries ranging between 95 and 105% were obtained when the authentic deoxyribosides were separated by paper chromatography and estimated with the organism.
(2) The, growth factors for L. leichmannii in the extract of 13 days old chick embryo treated for 60 minutes at pH 12_??_13 and 120°C, so-called alkalii stable factors, were identified by paper chromatographic separa-tion with the cysteine-sulfuric acid reagent and microbiologically. So-called alkali stable factors were deoxyribosides, i.e., deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine and thymidine, and unidentified compound (temporarily peak 1).
(3) The change of each constituent of alkali stable factors of the embryo with the incuba-tion was estimated by the method presented in this paper. The ratios of thymidine and deoxyuridine to total alkali stable factors in-creased gradually with the incubation until the 15th day incubation. Peak 1 compound, on the contrary, began to decrease from about the 5th day and attained to minimum at the 15th day in incubation. The change of ratio of deoxycytidine showed the tendency of the increase from the earlyy stages until the in-cubation and attained to the maximum value at the 12th day. And then, after the ratio once decreased until the 14_??_15th day incubation, again the ratio of deoxycytidine increased gradually.

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As reported previously promoting compounds for growth of Lactobacillus leichmannii 7830 in the extract of chick embryo treated at pH 12-13 with hot diluted alkali consisted of pyrimidine deoxyribosides (deoxycytidine, deoxyuridine, and thymidine) and unidentified compound. The compounds fractionated by paper chromatography from unidentified peak seem to be cytosine deoxyribonucleotide and thymine deoxyribonucleotide respectively by high voltage paper electrophoresis and paper chromatography. Namely, fractionated two compounds migrated toward the anode at pH 3.6, growth promoting zones for L. leichmannii agreed with spots by the cysteine-sulfuric acid reaction and Wade reaction, and both com-pounds were stable to hydrolysing at pH 2, 100°C for 5 minutes. The products by alkaline phosphatase from both compounds were identified to be thymidine and deoxycytidine by comparison of the relative mobilities with those of authentic deoxyribosides and by paper chromatographic analysis of pyrimidine deoxyribosides.

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The present investigation is concerned with L-glutamic acid production in the presence of pyrrolidone carboxylic acid and glucose in Bacillus megaterium st. 6126. This strain does not grow on DL-pyrrolidone carboxylic acid (DL-PCA)¹⁾ as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. The optimal concentration of yeast extract required for the maximal production of L-glutamic acid was 0.005% under the conditions used. As the yeast extract concent-ration was increased, growth increased proportionally; but the L-glutamic acid production did not exceed the control's to which glucose and ammonium chloride had been added. L-Glutamic acid produced by both growing cultures and resting cells was derived from glucose and ammonium salt of DL-PCA. Isotope experiments suggested that the L-glutamic acid produced was partially derived from ammonium salt of DL-PCA in the growing culture which had been supplemented with D-glucose-U^-14C or DL-PCA-1-14C and that ammonium salt of DL-PCA was consumed as the source of nitrogen and carbon for L-glutamic acid.

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Uptake of homologous series of p-n-alkylphenols by fungi from aqueous phase was studied using spores of Piricularia oryzae and Gibberella fujikuroi, and mycelia of P. oryzae as test organisms.
Process of uptake seemed to be physical, because dead cells took up as much phenol as did living cells. Amount of phenol taken up by fungal cells equilibrated with concent-ration of remaining phenol in external aqueous phase. Uptake was found to increase with increasing alkyl side chain length, and solubility of the homologous series decreases at higher rate than uptake increases. Uptake of higher homologue is not supposed to reach the level enough to inhibit growth of fungi, on account of its slight solubility.
These results explain the reason why antifungal activity of p-n-alkylphenol increases with increasing alkyl chain length up to a certain homologue, and decreases for the higher members.

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Several compounds related to helminthosporol (I), a natural plant-growth promoter, were prepared from I and their plant-growth regulating activities were examined together with those of the derivatives reported in the previous paper, ¹⁾ using rice and lettuce seedlings. Among the compounds tested, helminthosporic acid (III) exhibited marked elongation effect to the shoot growth of rice and lettuce seedlings, whereas the effect of I was specific to the former. Results of the biological test are reported in details.

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The inhibitory effects of 20 compounds including purine analogues on the growth of Micrococcus glutamicus No. 534-348, an inosinic acid-producing adenine-auxotroph, and No. 534, a prototrophic strain, were investigated.
A number of strains resistant to each of 6-mercaptoguanine, 6-thioguanine, 8-aza-guanine, mitomycin C and sulfanilamide were induced from strain No. 534-348, and their inosinic acid productivities were compared with their parent strain. Among them, MGR-25, a 6-mercaptoguanine-resistant strain, accumulated more inosinic acid than its parent strain. Furthermore, the strain MGR-25 was differentiated in its morphology, frequency of spontaneous reversion to prototrophic type in adenine-deficient medium, and the effectiveness of hypoxanthine to increase the inosinic acid accumulation.

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The odorus and physiologically active substances of the secretions of Japanese stink bugs (six kinds of Pentatomidae and three kinds of Coreidae bugs) were identified. The secre-tions of Pentatomidae bugs contained trans 2-decenal as a main component. In the secre-tions of Coreidae bugs n-hexanal was always found and in the case of Acanthocoris sordidus trans 2-hexenal was a main component.

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The distribution of flavonoid pigments in the leaves of indica and japonica type rice plants was studied by paper chromatographic and electrophoretic techniques. A fluorescent flavoniod compound prominent in the leaves of indica was isolated in a crystalline form and identified as glucotricin (tricin-7-β-glucoside), the structure of which was characterized by Kuwatsuka in 1962.

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Phosphodiesterase was solubilized from bovine milk microsomes and partially purified. The purified enzyme showed 20-fold specific activity compared with that of microsomes, and 1, 500-fold with that of the original milk.
The properties of the enzyme were investigated by using NpT. The pH optimum was at 9.5. The enzyme was inhibited with EDTA and reactivated with the addition of magnesium or calcium ions. This enzyme was strongly inhibited with reducing reagents. Km value was 7.4×10^-4 M for NpT at pH 9.5.
RNA was hydrolyzed completely to 5'-mononucleotides, and this enzyme may be considered to show the exonucleolytic action for RNA.

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A new method for preparation of chemically modified starch by means of free radical systems was developed. The method is characterized is that, aqueous starch suspension is treated with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of free radical-producing synergists such as ascorbic acid, hydrazine, or hydroxylamine to give products of remarkably reduced viscosity which can be regulated arbitrarily by use of appropriate levels of the reagents.
Chemical and physical changes in the modified starch together with the reaction mechanism were also studied.

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A number of the bacteria of E. amylovora group revealed their abilities of producing 2-ketogluconic acid from glucose, when they were cultivated under aerobic conditions such as shaking culture. The outstanding feature of the 2-ketogluconic acid fermentation by them was that 2-ketogluconic acid was the only main product (the yield being about 60_??_80% on glucose consumed) and such byproduct as 5-ketogluconic acid was not detected. These strains were very weak in their oxidative abilities for ethanol and also they lacked ketogenic activities to sorbitol, mannitol and glycerol.

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Comparative investigations were carried out on the oxidative degradation of glucose by two groups of the genus Envinia. The E. carotovora group was found to accumulate a large amount of α-ketoglutaric acid from glucose (the yield being about 31% on glucose consumed). Pectin, pectic acid and pyruvate were also the good carbon sources for the production of α-ketoglutaric acid by the bacteria. α-Ketoglutaric acid was produced without any accumulation of 2-ketogluconic acid in the course of oxidation of glucose or gluconic acid by the dried cells and cell-free extracts of E. aeroideae (belong to E. carotovora group). On the other hand, the cell-free extracts of E. milletiae (belong to E. amylovora group), oxidized glucose and gluconic acid with an uptake of 1.0 and 0.5 moles oxygen per mole of the substrate, respectively. 2-Ketogluconic acid was the sole product detected at the end of the oxidations by chromatographic analysis.
Cultural and physiological properties of twelve strains belonging to the genus Erwinia were studied comparatively with closely re-lated non-pathogenic bacteria.

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Analysing the mineral components in yeasts (sake yeast and some of other brewer's yeasts), the author found that no remarkable difference was seen on the composition of the major mineral components. The potassium content of yeast cultured in koji extract is lower than that cultured in malt extract or in the synthetic medium. Potassium con-centration of koji extract is lower than that of each of other media, and it was possible to increase the potassium content of the cells to the normal level by the enrichment of the koji extract with potassium chloride. From these facts, it is assumed that the potassium concentration of koji extract is insufficient for the saturation in the cells with potassium.
Phosphorus and magnesium contents in the cells are not so much affected by pH of the medium as potassium.

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The critical concentrations of minerals in a medium for the maximum growth of sake yeast were measured as this (phosphorus: 1 mmol/l, potassium: 4 mmol/l, and magnesium: 0.4 mmol/1).
The order of the mineral requirement for the maximum growth (K>P>Mg) is different from that of the mineral composition of the cells (P>K>Mg) reported previously. Thus, it is assumed that the uptake mechanism of potassium by the cells is different from that of magnesium and of phosphorus. The order of the critical concentration for sugar consump-tion and for ethanol formation coincides with that for growth.
Additionally, it is clear that the optimum value of pH of the medium for the growth is about 4.0.

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