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Part II. On the Lipolytic Activities of Cell-Free Extracts of Lactic Acid Bacteria
Yaichiro UMEMOTOT, Hiromitsu UMEDA, Yasushi SATO
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1311-1317
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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Cell-free extracts were prepared by Hughes' type disintegrator from cells of
Lactobacillus casei, L. plantarum, L. helveticus and
Streptococcus diacetilactis. Lipolytic activities of these extracts were measured by titration of total acids liberated from tributyrin and butterfat emulsions at given temperature. More acids were liberated from tributyrin than from butterfat, olive oil and composite butter. Lipolytic activities of all extracts for tributyrin were approximately the same at reaction temperature of 30°C, 37°C and 45°C, and were higher at pH 6 to 8. Free fatty acids of C
10, C
12, C
14, C
16 and C
18 liberated by extracts of
L. casei and
L. plantarum, were tentatively identified on gas-liquid chromatograms.
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Kenji WATANABE, Yasushi SATO
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1318-1324
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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The present investigations was undertaken to isolate the free and bound lactone fractions in fresh beef fat, and the total lactone fractions in fresh pork, mutton, horse and chicken fats. δ-C
14 and δ-C
16 lactones were identified in gas chromatogram of free lactone fraction, though the amount of that fraction was almost negligible. γ-C
10 to C
16 and δ-C
10 to C
18 lactones of the even carbon number were found in bound lactone fraction which was obtained from glycerides by saponification. The lactone fractions in the other meat fats were isolated by saponification, steam-distillation, and silicic acid column chromatography. γ- and δ-C
10 to C
14 lactones of the even carbon number were found in all of fats tested, and gas chromatograms of lactone fraction in meat fats used showed the similar patterns. δ-C
14 lactone was characteristic in meat fats.
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Fumio HISHINUMA, Shiro KANEGASAKI, Hajime TAKAHASHI
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1325-1330
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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The maximal amounts of growth of
Selenomonas ruminantium were examined in the media containing various amounts of glucose. The yields of cells per unit weight of glucose are linear functions to glucose concentrations in the ranges between zero to 0.005% and 0.005 to 0.7%. Cell yields per glucose are greater in the former range, indicating greater amounts of energy are available per glucose at lower concentrations. Growth responses in lactate media containing various amounts of glucose showed that the preincubation with larger amounts of glucose is inhibitory for the following growth and metabolism of lactate. The organism produces predominantly lactate in the glucose medium. However, volatile fatty acid productions increase when the initial concentrations of glucose become low. Isotopic studies showed that the lactate utilization yielding volatile fatty acids is inhibited by the preceding metabolism of high concentrations of glucose. These results were discussed with regard to normal and abnormal fermentations in the rumen.
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Part XVII. Production of NAD and Nicotinic Acid Mononucleotide with Brevibacterium ammoniagenes
Kiyoshi NAKAYAMA, Zenroku SATO, Haruo TANAKA, Shukuo KINOSHITA
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1331-1336
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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A new preparative method of NAD was provided by the finding that a large amount of NAD accumulated with AMP, ADP and ATP in the culture broth when
Brevibacterium ammoniagenes ATCC 6872 was incubated in the medium containing adenine and nicotinic acid or nicotinamide. A large amount of nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NaMN) with a small amount of NAD accumulated when nicotinic acid or nicotinamide was singly added.
NAD was isolated from the culture broth by ion exchange chromatography, and identified by paperchromatography, ultraviolet and infrared spectra, analyses of ribose and phosphate, and reduction by alcohol dehydrogenase from yeast.
An example of the time course of the fermentation for the production of NAD was shown.
The biosynthetic pathway of NAD from nicotinic acid or nicotinamide in the organism was discussed.
The amount of NAD accumulated reached to several mg per ml.
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Part I. Isolation of 2-Hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylcyclohexylidene-1-acetic Acid Lactone (Dihydroactinidiolide) from Ether Extract of Cigar Leaves
Hajime KANEKO, Kiyoko IJICHI
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1337-1340
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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2-Hydroxy-2, 6, 6-trimethylcyclohexylidene-1-acetic acid lactone was isolated from the steam distillate of the ether extract of cigar leaves.
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Part VII. Cholinesterase Inhibition by Nicotinoids and Pyridylalkyl-amines-Its Significance to Mode of Action
Izuru YAMAMOTO, Yoshinori SOEDA, Hideo KAMIMURA, Ryo YAMAMOTO
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1341-1348
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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The inhibition of house fly head cholinesterase by twelve nicotinoids and twenty six pyridylalkylamines was investigated in relation to their ionizations and toxicities to house flies,
Musca domestica L. The significant correlation between toxicity and inhibition, and the competitive nature of inhibition indicate that there are some similarities between the receptor for toxic action and the active center of cholinesterase for combining the molecule. Cholinesterase inhibition is shown to be caused by the anionic site binding on the enzyme of the cationic head of the molecule. Hence, the toxic action of nicotine and 3-pyridyl-methylamines is best explained by postulating the nerve receptor carrying the anionic site, which is partly similar to the anionic site of the active center in cholinesterase. The effect on fly nerve activity can also be correlated with the chemical structure. It is shown that the highly toxic nicotinoids should be provided with high but not too high basicity. Dihydronicotyrine having p
Ka' near the pH of insect body fluid shows the highest toxicity. This can be understood in terms of the preference of free base for penetration and the requirement of ionization for the interaction with the receptor.
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Part I. Phagocidal Action of Enzymatically Oxidized Amines
Toshikazu OKI, Haruhiko KAWASAKI, Koichi OGATA, Hideaki YAMADA, Ichiro ...
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1349-1354
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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The phagocidal action of oxidation products of natural and synthetic amines by crystalline amine oxidase preparations has been investigated with a large variety of bacteriophages. Oxidized spermine was shown to inactivate T3, T5, T7, MS2, φ80, λ (
Escherichia coli); ε
15, ε
34 (
Salmonella anatum); Al (
Bacillus subtilis); P465, P468, Ap85, P4 (
Brevibacterium lactofermentum); I128T (
Pseudomonas glycinea), I2418 (
Xanthomonas phaseoli) and PK66 (
Streptomyces griseus). Phages of T2, T4, T6, φX174 (
E. coli), P22 (
S. anatum) and M2, SP10 (
B. subtilis) was not inactivated. Essentially the similar activity was observed with the oxidation products of spermidine and synthetic polyamines analogous to spermine.
The reduction of logarithmic titers of survival phages by the oxidized polyamines proceeded linearly with both incubation time and concentration of the oxidized polyamines. Then, it is conceivable that the inactivation of phages may be due to the interaction between oxidized polyamine and phagal nucleic acid.
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Part I. Some Properties of the Factor
Takayasu TSUCHIDA, Kazuo NAKAMURA, Yoshitsugu FUJII, Hajime TAKAHASHI
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1355-1361
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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Formation of pectolytic enzyme system in
Erwinia aroideae was stimulated to a remarkable extent when the cells were incubated in a pectin medium containing carrot extracts. The active principle in the carrot extract preparation was resistant to acid hydrolysis, digestion by Pronase, RNase, DNase or α-amylase, and to ninhydrin and charcoal treatments. The factor lost, however, its stimulating activity upon alkaline hydrolysis or periodate oxidation. The factor was partially purified by the combination of gel filtration with Sephadex G-10 and ninhydrin and charcoal treatments. The molecular weight of the partially purified factor was presumed to be around 400 by the gel filtration.
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Synthesis in Nucleoside Antibiotics, V
Hajime YAMASAKI, Takeshi HASHIZUME
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1362-1370
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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Four isomeric glucosyl hypoxanthines, bis-1, 9-(β-D-glucopyranosyl) hypoxanthine (I), bis-1, 7-(β-D-glucopyranosyl) hypoxanthine (II), 7-β-D-glucopyranosyl hypoxanthine (III) and 9-β-D-glucopyranosyl hypoxanthine (IV) were synthesized simultaneously by using the socalled Davoll-Lowy's method. Their synthetic procedures and structural evidences are presented.
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Hiroshi OHRUI, Sakae EMOTO
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1371-1375
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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3-Acetamido-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-3, 5, 6-trideoxy-D-ribo-hex-5-enofuranose and 3-aceta-mido-1, 2-O-cyclohexylidene-3, 5, 6-trideoxy-D-xylo-hex-5-enofuranose were prepared from D-glucose.
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Part III. Preparation of 3- and 4-Phenoxypyridazines
Teruomi JOJIMA, Kozo OYAMADA, Saburo TAMURA
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1376-1381
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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Various 3-phenoxypyridazines were prepared by either catalytic dehalogenation of cor-responding 3-phenoxy-6-chloropyridazines or reaction of 3-chloropyridazine with phenols in the presence of base. Syntheses of certain 4-phenoxypyridazines are also described.
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Izuru YAMAMOTO, John E. CASIDA
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1382-1391
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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Studies on the metabolic fate and degradation chemistry of pyrethroid insecticide chemicals are greatly facilitated by the use of compounds radiolabeled, in separate preparations, in the acid and alcohol moieties. Acid-labeled preparations were made by converting
d-
trans-chrysanthemic acid-1-
14C (88mg, 1.3mCi/mM) into
d-
trans-d-pyrethrin-1-
14C (68mg, 1.3mCi/mM),
d-
trans-
d-allethrin-
14C (43mg, 1.3 mCi/mM),
d-
trans-dimethrin-
14C (54mg, 0.294mCi/mM), and
d-
trans-phthalthrin-
14C (47mg, 0.294mCi/mM), incorporating approximately 81% of the starting radiocarbon into the four pyrethroid preparations. Alcohol-labeled preparations were made by converting acetone-1, 3-
14C into
d-
trans-
dl-allethrin-
14C (146mg, 0.162mCi/mM) and formaldehyde-
14C into
d-
trans-phthalthrin-
14C (299mg, 0.276mCi/mM). Each labeled compound had a high stereochemical purity and a radiochemical purity of greater than 99%. Detailed procedures were worked out for all conversions which took place in high yields except in one case: the synthesis of allethrin labeled in the alcohol moiety.
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N. P. BHARGAVA, R. LAKHAN
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1392-1394
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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The synthesis of twenty three new N-
p-tolyl-N'-2-(substituted)benzothiazolyl-N''-alkyl-guanidines has been reported. Several of these including some N
p-tolyl-N'-2-(substitued)-benzothiazolylguanidines
* have been evaluated for their antitubercular activity against
M. tuberculosis (H 37 Rv) and also for their antibacterial activity. Among these N-
p-tolyl-N'-2-(6-methoxy)benzothiazolylguanidine and N
p-tolyl-N'-2-(6-methyl)benzothiazolyl-N''-methyl-guanidine are the most active as antituberculars but all the tested compounds are inactive as antibacterials.
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Takayasu TSUCHIDA, Kazuo NAKAMURA, Yoshitsugu FUJII, Hajime TAKAHASHI
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1395-1397
Published: 1968
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Toshiyuki SAI, Ko AIDA, Teijiro UEMURA
1968 Volume 32 Issue 11 Pages
1398-1400
Published: 1968
Released on J-STAGE: November 27, 2008
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