To understand the mechanism of inactivation of HM 2 phage by DNase, studies were made on the properties of the inactivated phage, the structure of the intact and inactivated phages and the properties of the tail.
HM 2 phage inactivated by DNase still retained the unique and large protein structure which combined fully with anti-HM 2 phage serum. According to electron microscopic observation, DNase-inactivated HM 2 phage looked empty and retained its tail surrounded with appendages. Ultracentrifugal analysis indicated that DNase-inactivated phage became a low molecular weight material after DNA had been extruded. The tail of the ghost retained normal ability to attach to its host bacteria, Cl. saccharoperbutylacetonicum Nl-4.
The tail of HM 2 phage does not have killing and lysing ability.
From these results, it is concluded that the inactivation of HM 2 phage by DNase is not due to the damage of the coat protein and tail structure, but due to the damage of DNA itself.

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A procedure developed for the isolation and purification of soluble hemoproteins from rice embryo has been applied for the same purpose for rice bran. The method involved extraction with dilute phosphate buffer, fractionation with ammonium sulfate, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-Sephadex C-50, and gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-75. Cytochrome c and a blue protein were obtained as the major soluble basic proteins. Rice bran cytochrome c was crystallized from ammonium sulfate solution. The absorption spectrum and other physico-chemical properties were found to be identical with those of rice embryo cytochrome c as reported in the previous paper. The blue protein was obtained in a highly purified form. The absorption spectrum of the oxidized form shows major bands at 280 and 600 mμ with a hump around 450 mμ The blue protein was reduced by dithionite, ascorbate, hydroquinone with a concominant disappearance of its color, but the reduced form could not be oxidized by the molecular oxygen. The molecular weight was estimated approximately 23, 000 according to the Archbald method. The pigment was a weakly basic protein containing copper and gave a positive test for carbohydrate.

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A malo-lactic fermentation (MLF) bacterium isolated from wine requires a factor contained in tomato juice for its growth. This type of the growth stimulating substance is found in several plants, particularly those belonging to fruits. The content of the factor in grapes varies depending on the varieties, degree of ripeness and harvest time. From these observation the relationship between the induction of MLF and the activity of the factor of grapes was discussed.

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An intracellular nuclease, which is known to be activated about three times in the course of autolysis of Asp. oryzae, ^{1, 2)} was partially purified in the present work. A portion of mycelia (20.6kg) obtained by submerged culture was autolyzed in 35 liters of water with 500ml of toluene at 30°C for 40hr. The nuclease was 18, 300 times purified from the filtrate of the autolyzate by chromatographies using CM-cellulose and Sephadex G-100. The DNase activity and the RNase activity were eluted at the same position in each chromatography, and the ratio of two activities was constant throughout the last steps of purification.

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Effects of several hormones on liver histidase activity were investigated to study the mechanism of elevation of the activity of histidase when rats were fed on a histidine imbalanced diet.
Continuous injection of thyroxine (5_??_10 μg/rat/day) diminished histidase activity, and hypophysectomy increased histidase activity as compared with that of non treated animals. No change was observed on alanine transaminase (GPT) by above treatments.
Neither histamine, insulin, triamcinolone, adrenaline, nor adrenalectomy affected on the activity of histidase. Injection of histidine to rats fed on a histidine imbalanced diet made the activities of histidase and GPT tend to decrease.

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This paper constitutes the third in a research series undertaken to clarify the interactive relation among soybean meal protein, calcium and phytic acid, dealing with the practical subject closely related to tofu-making. The results may conclude that phytic acid, naturally present in solybean seeds or added to soybean milk, gave significant effect on physical properties of prepared tofu-gel. The higher content of phytic acid in soybean milk resulted in the slower coagulative reaction between soybean protein and calcium, which is favorable for tofu gel formation.

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Requirement pattern of essential amino acids for growing rats was investigated at low dietary level of nitrogen (0.62% of nitrogen) for the basic knowledge of amino acid supplementation to low protein diets. The basal diet contained 3% of essential amino acid mixture and 2% of non-essential amino acid mixture with appropriate amount of the other nutrients. The present pattern indicated relatively lower requirement for lysine and rather higher requirement for phenylalanine, valine and arginine as compared with those of several workers obtained for maximum growth of rats with diet containing sufficient amount of nitrogen. Application of dose response curves of each amino acid for the estimation of the order of the limiting amino acids was suggested.

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Using sweet potato root tissue infected with Ceratocystis fimbriata, the effect of farnesol, nerolidol or geraniol on the incorporation of acetate-2-¹⁴C into ipomeamarone and other lipids, and on the production of ipomeamarone and other lipids was examined. Acetate-2-¹⁴C incorpration into ipomeamarone and other lipids and the production of the lipids except ipomeamarone were markedly suppressed by the addition of the terpenol. The production of ipomeamrone was unaffected. It was concluded that the marked decrease of acetate incorporation into ipomeamarone in the presence of the terpenol was due mainly to the direct inhibition of the biosynthetic pathway and to a lesser extent to their dilution effect. The inhibitory sites by the terpenol seemed to be localized in at least 2 positions in the biosynthetic pathway of ipomeamarone. After feeding tissue disks with actetate-2-¹⁴C in the presence of farnesol or geraniol, either farnesol or geraniol was isolated, and the respective crystalline derivatives were found to be radioactive.

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1. Five strains of bacteria were isolated from soil samples with ethylcyclohexane as the main source of carbon.
2. The strain S6BI which showed the best growth in the liquid medium was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis.
3. The main product was separated from culture broth and identified as trans-4-ethyl-cyclohexanol.
4. The mixture of trans- and cis-isomers of 4-ethylcyclohexanol was separated and submitted to the identification.

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The temperature-dependent polymerisation of β-casein was investigated by the method of light scattering, ultracentrifuge and optical rotatory dispersion. β-Casein used in the experiment was fractionated into β_fast-casein and β_slow-casein according to the method of Gehrke et al.
β_slow-Casein exhibited a strong tendency to associate with rising temperature, while β_fast-casein did not show such a property. The temperature-dependent polymerisation of β_slow-casein was extremly concentration dependent. On the other hand the results of optical rotatory dispersion indicated that β-casein changed structurally with the change in temperature, and the structural changes occured may affect upon the ability of the polymerisation.

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The carbohydrate of ovomucoid was analyzed for components I, II, III and IV which were. fractionated by CMC-column chromatography. The total hexose content and the molar ratio of D-mannose to D-galactose (4:1) were identical in each component, but the D-glucosamine and sialic acid contents were found to be higher in components I and II (both are trypsin inhibitors) compared with components III and IV (both are apo-proteins of flavomucoid). The amino acid composition of each component of ovomucoid varied considerably. There were remarkable differences in the amino acid composition between components I and II, both had an antitryptic activity. The N-terminal amino acid of components I and II was alanine and in the case of components III and IV, threonine was found on the N-terminal. The free carboxylic residue of sialic acid was found to be responsible for the negative charge of ovomucoid, and its electrophoretic heterogeneity was reaffirmed by paper electrophoresis. It is evident from the ultracentrifugal analysis that the four components of ovomucoid have a similar molecular size.

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ORD and CD of D (+) pantothenic acid, D (+) pantothenyl alcohol and D (-) pantolactone were studied. The acid and the alcohol gave positive Cotton effects with a peak at 227 and 225mμ, respectively, and the lactone gave a negative Cotton effect with a peak at 227 and 225mμ, respectively, and the lactone gave a negative Cotton effect with a trough at 233mμ. They gave CD maxima at 214, 213 and 219mμ corresponding to the inflection points of their ORD curves.
The concentrations were found to be linear to the rotation angles and the possibility of the application to quantitative analysis of the ORD was cited. The ORD showed the quantitative formation of the lactone by acid treatment of the vitamins without any racemization and hence the determination via lactone was suggested.

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The reduction of (-)-perillaldehyde (I) with sodium in aqueous ammonia afforded mainly trans-and cis-dihydroperillylalcohols (III_a and III_b). This fact indicates that this reduction method can surely be applied to α, β-unsaturated monoterpene aldehydes which are extremely sensitive to alkali and that the unconjugated carbon-carbon double bond is normally inert to this reducing condition.

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One of adenine-riboflavin doubleless mutants derived from Bacillus subtilis strain AJ 1987, an adenine requiring and inosine producing strain, was found to accumulate a fluorescent material in the culture medium. This material was identified as 6, 7-dimethyl-8-ribityl-lumazine (LUM). Several culture conditions for LUM formation were studied. In general, accumulation of LUM reached approximately 90mg per 100-ml medium in 3 days.

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3-Phenoxypyridazines and related compounds were evaluated their pre-emergenceactivities. Of these, 3-phenoxy-, 3-(2-methylphenoxy)-, and 3-(2-ethylphenoxy)-pyridazines (III, IV and VII) showed powerful effects on barnyardgrass and spikerush, whereas they gave no injury on rice plants. Furthermore, susceptibility of various kinds of cultivated plants as well as of weeds to III and IV were examined. Growth regulating activity of III was compared with that of maleic hydrazide.

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Fragmentation of a dextran from Leuconostoc mesenteroides B^* by controlled acetolysis gave five trisaccharides; isomaltotriose (0.12%), 3-α-isomaltosylglucose (0.80%), 6-α-nigerosylglucose (0.43%), 3, 6-di-α-glucosylglucose (0.18%) and nigerotriose (0.12%). Among these trisaccharides the last three were first isolated from dextran. Isolation of nigerotriose indicated that some of the 1, 3-linkages in the dextran molecule were contiguous.

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A general cyclization reaction to dehydrorotenoids has been developed. Dehydrorotenone (III) and dehydrodeguelin (IV) were obtained in high yield from methyl derrisate (Vb) and methyl deguelate (VIb), respectively, by treatment with sodium ethoxide.

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