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Ryosuke HIROSE, Yukio KAZUTA, Daizo KOGA, Akio IDE, Kazuyoshi YAGISHIT ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
551-555
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Luteoayamenin, C
28H
82O
16, mp 185-187°C, a new C-glycosyl flavone, was isolated together with flavoayamenin, swerisin and sweriajaponin from ethanol extracts of petals of
Iris Nertshinskia LODDIGES form.
albiflora HONDA. The chemical structure of this luteoyamenin was 2"-
O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-
O-methyl-luteolin. Flavoayamenin was formulated as 2"-
O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-6-C-β-D-glucopyranosyl-7-
O-methyl-apigenin.
View full abstract
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Fumiyasu ISHIKAWA, Kunio OISHI, Ko AIDA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
557-564
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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A chitin-binding hemagglutinin was purified about 50-fold from the culture filtrate of
Conidiobolus lamprauges. Hemolytic factor(s) and β-
N-acetylglucosaminidase coexisting with the hemagglutinin were removed by treating the culture filtrate with CM Sephadex and formalinized human erythrocytes.
Purified hemagglutinin formed large aggregates upon ultrafiltration. The hemagglutinin had a major and a minor band in sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The major band of this hemagglutinin was a protein containing a small amount of sugar, and its molecular weight was approximately 86, 000.
The hemagglutinin was strongly inhibited by
N-acetyl chitobi, tri and tetraose; moderately inhibited by phenyl and
p-nitrophenyl β-
N-acetyl-D-glucosaminides; and weakly inhibited by D-glucosamine and
N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. β-Configuration was required for inhibition.
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Susumu MAEDA, Takuro KISAKI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
565-569
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Two bacterial strains which degrade nicotine and nicotine-1'-
N-oxide were isolated from tobacco leaves and soils, and their bacteriological characteristics were investigated. One strain was white and the other yellow and both were identified as
Arthrobacter globiformis (Conn) Conn and Dimmick.
A. globiformis JTS-6 had a marked substrate specificity for nicotine-1'-
N-oxide and did not degrade the other N-oxide analogues tested, showing that pyridine and pyrrolidine rings were required for the substrate. Strain JTS-6 degraded natural (
S)-nicotine two-times as fast as (
R)-nicotine. It degraded all four diastereomers of nicotine-1'-
N-oxide, although 1'(
R) were degraded faster than 1'(
S) without distinction for 2' configuration.
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Hajime YOSHIOKA, Shinsaku HAYASHIDA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
571-577
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Two forms of thermostable β-glucosidase (a more thermostable G-a and less thermostable G-b) were purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of the thermophilic fungus
Mucor miehei YH-10. G-a and the G-b were glycoenzymes, and they contained 23.4 % and 13.0 % carbohydrate residues, respectively. The carbohydrate residues were mannose and
N-acetylglucosamine. The carbohydrate residues in G-a had a high content of
N-acetylglucosamine. In the culture filtrate, a high activity of β-
N-acetylglucosaminidase was observed. The carbohydrate content of native G-a decreased to 13.0 % when sufficiently digested with a commercial preparation of β-
N-acetylglucosaminidase instead of β-
N-acetylglucosaminidase produced by this fungus. The digested enzyme was identical with native G-b in carbohydrate content, molecular weight, amino acid composition, isoelectric point, hydrolysis curve for cellobiose,
Km value for β-glucosides, and in both thermo- and pH-dependency and stability. Therefore, the liberation of carbohydrates from more thermostable G-a by β-
N-acetylglucosaminidase in culture filtrate led to the formation of less thermostable G-b.
View full abstract
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Hajime YOSHIOKA, Surina CHAVANICH, Naline NILUBOL, Shinsaku HAYASHIDA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
579-586
Published: 1981
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Strain YH-50 from a thermophilic fungus isolated from compost heaps produced the highest amount of thermostable xylanase among 180 isolates tested. This xylanase-producing strain YH-50 was identified as
Talaromyces byssochlamydoides Stolk & Samson by taxonomical characteristics. When it was cultivated in solid wheat bran medium containing xylan as an additive carbon source, the maximal amount of thermostable xylanase was produced after 3 days at 50°C. This culture filtrate hydrolyzed 90 % of xylan as xylose, and the sugars formed were xylose, arabinose, glucose and galactose. The optimal pH and temperature were 5.5 and 70°C, respectively. The enzyme was quite stable after heating at 65°C for 5 min and retained 55 % of original activity after heating at 95°C for 5 min.
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Junji TERAO, Setsuro MATSUSHITA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
587-593
Published: 1981
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Arachidonic acid and methyl arachidonate were oxygenated with singlet oxygen using methylene blue as a photosensitizer. The products of methyl arachidonate were separated into monohydroperoxides (MHP) and further oxygenated peroxides (FOP). Accumulation of the eight regioisomers of MHP occurred first, followed by formation of FOP. After hydrogenation, FOP were identified as isomeric dihydroxy icosanoate and epoxy hydroxy icosanoate. The structure of FOP may possibly be dihydroperoxides consisting of sixteen regioisomers. The quantitative ratios of MHP regioisomers produced from arachidonic acid were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as follows: 6-, 14-, <5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 12-, <15-isomer.
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Junji TERAO, Setsuro MATSUSHITA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
595-599
Published: 1981
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Peroxidized arachidonic acid obtained by hemoglobin or myoglobin catalysis in phosphate buffer was subjected to gas chromatography mass spectrometric analysis after reduction and hydrogenation. Monohydroxy icosanoic acid which was derived from monohydroperoxides consisted of six regioisomers, whose quantitative ratios were determined as follows: 8-, 12-<9-, 11-, <5-, 15-isomer. Prostaglandin F
2α-like compounds possessing a dihydroxy cyclopentane ring were detected in the chromatogram of reduced derivatives. It is suggested that prostaglandin-like endoperoxides are formed by cyclization of the peroxy radical during the heme catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid.
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Junji TERAO, Setsuro MATSUSHITA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
601-608
Published: 1981
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Photosensitized oxidation of trioleoylglycerol (TO), trilinoleoylglycerol (TL), trilinolenoylglycerol (TLn) and vegetable oil triacylglycerols (triglycerides, TG) was carried out in isopropanol using methylene blue as a photosensitizer. Isomeric compositions of hydroperoxy fatty acid components of the oxidized TG were determined by hydrogenation, methanolysis and mass chromatographic analysis of the resulting methyl hydroxy octadecanoate. TO gave 9- and 10-isomers; TL, 9-, 10-, 12- and 13-isomers; and TLn, 9-, 10-, 12-, 13-, 15- and 16-isomers. It was concluded that each unsaturated fatty acid component of vegetable oil TG yields isomeric hydroperoxides during photosensitized oxidation in a manner similar to the corresponding unsaturated fatty acid methyl ester. TL monohydroperoxides were isolated from the photooxidized TL and hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase. The hydrolysis products consisted of dilinoleoylglycerol, monolinoleoylglycerol, linoleic acid and their respective hydroperoxides. Formation of a hydroperoxy fatty acid component was observed during photoirradiation of vegetable oils in the bulk phase without methylene blue. The isomeric compositions of the resulting methyl hydroxy octadecanoate support the idea that singlet oxygen is responsible for the formation of hydroperoxides in the initial stage of photooxidation.
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Yoshihide KOMATSU
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
609-618
Published: 1981
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A new mutant Shm
r-001-1 has been isolated by treating showdomycin-resistant mutant Shm
r-001 cells with
N-methyl-
N'-nitro-
N-nitrosoguanidine. This mutant was resistant to high level of showdomycin, and took up practically no showdomycin and little pyrimidine nucleosides, and it showed different ability to take up purine nucleosides. Strains Shm
r-001-1, Shm
r-001, and K-12 (wild type) were compared: in susceptibility to showdomycin, in ability to take up the antibiotic and various nucleosides, on effects of other nucleosides on entry of particular nucleosides, and on kinetics of the entry of nucleosides and showdomycin. From these experiments, at least three different nucleoside transport systems were observed in
Escherichia coli K-12 cells: the first system was common to adenine nucleosides, pyrimidine nucleosides, and showdomycin; the second system was common to adenine nucleosides, guanine nucleosides, inosine, pyrimidine nucleosides, and showdomycin; and the third system was common to adenine nucleosides, guanine nucleosides, and inosine. The first system was not observable in Shm
r-001 cells. In Shm
r-001-1 cells both the first and the second systems were no longer detectable but the third system was found to be active.
View full abstract
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Takafumi KASUMI, Kiyoshi HAYASHI, Nobuzo TSUMURA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
619-627
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Glucose isomerase was extracted in good yield from cells of
Streptomyces griseofuscus, S-41 by keeping the cell suspension at 4°C for a month. The enzyme was purified 4.3-fold, and obtained in crystalline form by adding ammonium sulfate. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The optimum pH for activity was 8.5 and optimum temperature 85°C. The enzyme was quite inactive in the absence of metal ions, but was remarkably activated by the addition of magnesium or cobalt ion. The enzyme catalyzed the isomerization of D-xylose, D-glucose and D-ribose. The
Km values for D-glucose and D-xylose were 2.2×10
-1 M and 5.4×10
-2 M, respectively, while
Vmax values were 17.6 μmol/min/mg and 44.2 μmol/min/mg, respectively. The ratio of D-fructose content-to-D-glucose content was approximately 1.0 at reaction equilibrium. The enzyme activity was inhibited by sugars, sugar alcohols and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane in a competitive manner. The
Ki values were as follows: D-xylitol, 1.2 ×10
-3 M; D-sorbitol, 1.1×10
-2 M; D-mannitol, 8.3×10
-2 M; D-mannose, 3.4×10
-1 M; D-galactose, 3.2×10
-1 M; L-arabinose, 2.3×10
-1 M and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, 6.2×10
-2 M.
p-Chloromercuribenzoate, monoiodoacetic acid, sodium azide, potassium cyanide, sodium fluoride and 2-mercaptoethanol had no inhibitory effect on the activity of glucose isomerase, while EDTA caused a significant loss of activity.
View full abstract
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Keitarou SUZUKI, Masaru UYEDA, Motoo SHIBATA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
629-634
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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API-2b and API-2c (alkaline protease inhibitors) were directly subjected to Edman degradation. It was elucidated that API-2c was lacking in Ala-Pro-Ser-Leu-Gly-Ala located in the NH
2-terminal region of API-2b, so the two inhibitors were heterogeneous in the NH
2-terminal region. Cleavage of the three methionyl bonds in API-2c with cyanogen bromide resulted in three fragments, designated as Peptide 1, Peptide 2 and Peptide 3. It was found that Peptide 1 was located at the NH
2-terminal region, Peptide 2 was in the center and Peptide 3 made-up the COOH-terminal region of the API-2 molecule. Partial sequence data showed that most threonine, alanine, glycine and leucine residues were distributed in the NH
2-terminal half of the molecule, and the rest of the molecule contained most of the aromatic residues.
The amino acid sequence around the reactive site of API-2 (b and c) was very similar to that of S-SI (
Streptomyces subtilisin inhibitor) with the exception of the isoleucine residue in place of valine residue in S-SI.
View full abstract
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Yutaka KIDO, Ryushi TERAZUMI, Motoo SHIBATA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
635-639
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Formic acid was identified as the acidic component of antibiotic K-52B by gas-liquid chromatography, whereas amino sugar I hydrochloride was isolated from the acid hydrolysate as the basic sugar component. On the basis of infrared analyses of constituent oligosaccharides, formic acid was assumed to be linked to the hydroxyl group of galactose in oligosaccharide III. From the results of physicochemical properties and ninhydrin degradation, periodate oxidation and peracetylation studies of amino sugar I hydrochloride, C
8H
18N
2O
5. 2HClwas considered to be a new diaminohexose with a substituent group.
View full abstract
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Yutaka KIDO, Syuichi HAYAKAWA, Motoo SHIBATA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
641-644
Published: 1981
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Di-, tri- and tetra-saccharides containing amino sugar I were newly isolated as amino sugar components from the partial acid hydrolysate of antibiotic K-52B. From methylation analyses and complete hydrolyses of these oligosaccharides, the structures were elucidated as → 1)-Glc
p-(4→)-amino sugar I for the disaccharide (amino sugar II); Gal
p-(1→1)-Glc
p-(4→)-amino sugar I for the trisaccharide (amino sugar III); and Ara
f-(1→4)-Gal
p-(1→1)-Glc
p-(4→)-amino sugar I for the tetrasaccharide (amino sugar IV). From these results and structures of constituent neutral oligosaccharides, the structure of antibiotic K-52B was proposed to be:
Formyl
|
Glc
p-(1→4)-Gal
p-(1→4)-Fuc-(1→4)-Glc
p-(1→5)-Ara
f-(1→4)-Gal
p- (1→1) -Glc
p- (4→)-amino sugar I.
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Kenji GAMOU, Nobumaro KAWASHIMA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
645-652
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Alkane composition was determined on the leaves of 52 Nicotiana species and 2 horticultural species. All
Nicotiana spcies except
N. glauca contained substantial amounts of branched (iso- and anteiso-) alkanes.
Nicotiana species were divided roughly into six groups by their resemblance on alkane composition.
This classification system was correlated to the botanical classification.
The evolution of
Nicotiana species was discussed on the basis of alkane composition.
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Yoshiaki IWAMURO, Michiko MURATA, Koichiro KANAMARU, Yoichi MIKAMI, Ta ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
653-657
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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The effect of medium components and cultural conditions was studied on the production of polysaccharide (pendulan) and growth of mycelia in
Porodisculus pendulus JTS-3009. Glucose, mannose, fructose, cellobiose, sucrose, mannitol and various starches were found to be suitable carbon sources. Pendulan was produced and mycelia grew well on ammonium-N, nitrate-N and organic nitrogen. The optimal concentration of nitrogen was 0.03 % for production of pendulan and 0.04 % for growth of mycelia. The addition of suitable amounts of yeast extract aided pendulan production and mycelium growth. The optimal temperature for pendulan production was about 29°C and for mycelium growth, 2530°C. The optimal pH for pendulan production was 68 and for mycelium growth, 56.5. The seed culture was stable after storage at 5°C or at -20°C with the addition of 2030 % (v/v) glycerin. The maximum yield of pendulan and mycelia was obtained at 90120 hr of fermentation.
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Masayuki HAMADA, Eiko KAWANO, Shunichi KAWAMURA, Motoo SHIRO
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
659-665
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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γ-Isomer of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexachlorocyclohexane (BHC) showed greater decomposition on γ or UV irradiation of five isomers of BHC in crystalline state or in 2-propanol solution. The α- and δ-isomer of BHC and known 1a, 2a, 3e, 4e, 5e-pentachlorocyclohexane were separated from the irradiation product of crystalline γ-BHC. Four compounds were isolated from the irradiation product of γ-BHC in 2-propanol. Two compounds were tetrachlorocyclohexenes (C
6H
6Cl
4•): γ-isomer (mp 8687°C) and ε-isomer (mp 99100°C). The other two were isomers of pentachlorocyclohexane (C
6H
7Cl
5). One of them (mp 788.5°C) was consistent with known meso-1e, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5e isomer. The molecular structure of the other (mp 75°C) established by X-ray crystal structure analysis was 1α, 2α, 3α, 4β, 5α configuration or 1e 2a 3e 4e 5e conformation of Cl atoms. A reaction mechanism was proposed that included a radical chain reaction and chlorine atom migration.
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Reiko INATANI, Nobuji NAKATANI, Hidetsugu FUWA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
667-673
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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New phenolic amides,
N-
trans-feruloyl piperidine (4a),
N-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-
2E,
4E-pentadienoyl piperidine (5a) and
N-5-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-
2E-pentenoyl piperidine (6a) were isolated from the fruit of white pepper (
Piper nigrum L.). The fine structure of each compound was examined by spectroscopic analysis and synthesis.
View full abstract
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Masaharu TAMAI, Takashi ADACHI, Kiyoshi OGUMA, Shigeo MORIMOTO, Kazuno ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
675-679
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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A number of amino acid derivatives of DL-
trans-epoxysuccinic acid, with a general formula of R
1O-ES-AA-OR
2 (ES, DL-
trans-epoxysuccinyl group; AA, amino acid residue) were newly synthesized and used for the study of structure-activity relationships of papain inhibition. Branched-alkyl amino acids, such as Leu, Ile and Val, as AA and hydrogen or an alkyl group substituted with a phenyl or cycloalkyl group as R
1 were desirable for activity, respectively. However, R
2 or the optical activities of ES and AA not so much influenced on the activity.
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Yoshikatsu MUROOKA, Tokuya HARADA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
681-686
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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β-Phenetyl alcohol and procaine hydrochloride are known to alter membrane structure. Their effects on the syntheses of tyramine oxidase and arylsulfatase were studied in
Klebsiella aerogenes. β-Phenetyl alcohol inhibited the syntheses of membrane-bound tyramine oxidase and arylsulfatase, located in the periplasm, under non-repressing and derepressing conditions, but did not affect the syntheses of β-galactosidase and histidase, which are located internally. In contrast, procaine hydrochloride stimulated the synthesis of tyramine oxidase and derepressed the synthesis of arylsulfatase, but inhibited non-repressed synthesis of arylsulfatase. Thus, derepressed synthesis of cellular arylsulfatase was affected by the level of tyramine oxidase synthesis. Structural alterations in the cell membrane seem to impair the formation of active-arylsulfatase protein in the periplasmic space.
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Minoru ISOBE, Naoto KONDO, Kunio IMAI, Okitsugu YAMASHITA, Toshio GOTO
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
687-692
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Trehalose, the major haemolymph sugar in the silkworm, is partly regulated in concentration by diapause hormone. During the course of our re-investigation on the developmental changes of sugars in polyvoltine silkworm pupae, a new sugar (Sugar-A) was found out at the late stage of pupal-adult development. The amount of Sugar-A was five times as much as that of trehalose at its maximum, but it disappeared almost completely with emergence. The structure of Sugar-A was determined as β-glucosyl-
O-tyrosine by 270 MHz PMR, FDMS and chemical methods. The physiological function of glucosyltyrosine is also discussed.
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Akira HIRAO, Hidenori MOCHIZUKI, Hanafi H. Ali ZOOROB, Ichiro IGARASHI ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
693-697
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Asymmetric reduction of aromatic ketones using chirally modified reagents prepared from sodium borohydride and optically active acids in the presence or absence of 1, 2: 5, 6-di-
O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose produced the corresponding optically active alcohols with optical yields of 447 %. The reagent prepared from sodium borohydride and 1 equivalent of
l-malic acid in the presence of 2 equivalents of 1, 2: 5, 6-di-
O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose gave the highest yields.
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Jun-ichi KURISAKI, Kunio YAMAUCHI, Hiroyuki ISSHIKI, Shinobu OGIWARA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
699-704
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Differences between α- and β-lipovitellin were examined, especially in regard to the polypeptide and carbohydrate composition of apolipoprotein. Both lipoproteins were composed of at least eight polypeptides with similar molecular weights ranging from 35, 000 to 140, 000 daltons. Polypeptides with 110, 000 daltons were common major constituents. The close similarity of component polypeptides in the two lipoproteins was also assumed from similar amino acid compositions and the identical immunological properties of the two lipoproteins. However, some notable differences were found in the composition of the polypeptides. α-Lipovitellin contained much more polypeptide with 85, 000 daltons than β-lipovitellin. Both apolipovitellins were found to be glycoprotein containing mannose, galactose, glucosamine and sialic acid. The sialic acid in α-lipovitellin exceeded that in β-lipovitellin by six times, though only slight differences were found in the content of neutral and amino sugars. The relatively acidic nature of α-lipovitellin compared with β-lipovitellin is attributed not only to the relative predominance in protein phosphorus but also to the predominance in the sialic acid.
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Takashi TACHIKI, Hiroko MATSUMOTO, Toshihiro YANO, Tatsurokuro TOCHIKU ...
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
705-710
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Glutamine production was investigated by coupling of glutamine synthetase from
Gluconobacter suboxydans with a sugar fermentation system of baker's yeast (energy generating system). Under the optimum condition, 22 mM glutamine was formed in 3 hr, and the yield was 92 % based on the substrate glutamate. The first step of the process was the accumulation of fructose 1, 6-diphosphate (FDP) as a reservoir of fermentation energy, in the presence of a high concentration of inorganic phosphate ; and the second step was accomplished by coupling the degradation of FDP with glutamine synthetase reaction through an ADP-ATP system. The effects of enzyme concentration, additives in the reaction mixture and others on glutamine formation were investigated, and the importance of three factors was pointed out : (a) the ratio of activity of energy generating system to utilizing system, (b) contaminated enzyme(s) in the energy utilizing system and (c) the enzymatic properties of the energy utilizing system.
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Tateki HAYASHI, Fue MANOU, Mitsuo NAMIKI, Keiichi TSUJI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
711-716
Published: 1981
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A product which changes readily to a stable blue, free radical species was isolated from the reaction mixture of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid and an amino acid, and was identified as tris-(2-deoxy-2-L-ascorbyl)amine. Chemical studies using acetone derivatives and analogous compounds confirmed its 3-fold symmetrical structure. These studies also confimred that the above compound was oxidized to a stable free radical retaining a symmetrical structure, and was oxidized further to a known red pigment, the oxidized form of bis(2-deoxy-2-L-ascorbyl)amine with the elimination of one molecule of ascorbic acid.
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Shinsuke TANABE, Yasuo NAKAGAWA, Ryo TATSUKAWA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
717-726
Published: 1981
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The absorption efficiency and biological half-life of individual chlorobiphenyls (PCBs) contained in Kanechlor products were determined in rats. The absorption efficiencies of PCBs decreased as the number of chlorine atoms substituted in biphenyls increased. It is suspected that the absorption modes of PCBs depended mainly on molecular size. The patterns of PCB decrease after oral administration were roughly classified into the monophasic, biphasic and non-decrease types. It was apparent that PCBs with shorter biological half-lives had a P area which showed both
meta and
para positions unsubstituted with chlorine atoms in biphenyl ring.
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Kimiyasu ISOBE, Yoshiki TANI, Hideaki YAMADA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
727-733
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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New procedures for determining putrescine, spermidine and spermine were first established here by the end point assay method using polyamine oxidase from
Penicillium chrysogenum or
Aspergillus terreus and putrescine oxidase from
Micrococcus rubens.
Method 1: Spermidine and spermine were first oxidized with polyamine oxidase (step A). To the reaction mixture, putrescine oxidase was added to oxidize putrescine (step B). Putrescine and spermidine in another reaction mixture were oxidized with putrescine oxidase (step C).
Method 2: Putrescine and spermidine were first oxidized with putrescine oxidase (step A). To the reaction mixture, polyamine oxidase was added to oxidize spermine (step B). Spermidine and spermine in another reaction mixture were oxidized with polyamine oxidase (step C). The amounts of putrescine, spermidine and spermine were determined from the absorbance values at each steps A, B and C.
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Toshihiko OSAWA, Mitsuo NAMIKI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
735-739
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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As a search for natural antioxidants from plant materials, strong antioxidative activity was observed in leaf waxes extracted from
Eucalyptus species. A novel type of antioxidant was isolated from the leaf wax of
Eucalyptus globulus and identified as
n-tritriacontan-16, 18-dione. Antioxidative activities were determined by different methods; a thiocyanate method, a thiobarbituric acid method, a total carbonyl value method and a weighing test. The antioxidant showed remarkable antioxidative activity in a water/alcohol system and was more effective than α-tocopherol and BHA; however, it has no antioxidative activity in an oil system.
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Makoto SHIMIZU, Noboru URYU, Kunio YAMAUCHI
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
741-745
Published: 1981
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Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from bovine and human milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) preparations and characterized. The amount of glycosaminoglycans in human MFGM protein fraction was 510 times higher than that in bovine MFGM protein fraction. On Dowex-1 column chromatography most of the glycosaminoglycans were eluted with 1 M and 3 M NaCl. Cellulose acetate electrophoresis, chondroitinase digestion and nitrous acid degradation indicated that the major glycosaminoglycan in both bovine and human MFGM was heparan sulfate. Bovine MFGM was shown to contain chondroitin sulfate A/C in addition to heparan sulfate. The glycosaminoglycan composition of bovine colostral MFGM was similar to that of bovine normal MFGM. The glycosaminoglycan fraction prepared from MFGM of human colostrum, however, did not contain heparan sulfate, suggesting some compositional changes in glycosaminoglycans during the lactation period.
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Jiro YAMADA
1981 Volume 45 Issue 3 Pages
747-750
Published: 1981
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
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Debranching enzyme activity in rice seeds increased during the early stage of ripening and then decreased, and increased again during germination. The inactive enzyme accumulated rapidly in ripening seeds from the 20th day after flowering.
Radioactive amino acids were readily incorporated into the active debranching enzyme after their absorption into immature rice seeds. Subsequently, the radioactivity increased in the inactive enzyme, accompanying a decrease in the active enzyme. We concluded that the debranching enzyme in rice seeds is synthesized during ripening in active form and that it accumulates in inactive form, which can be reactivated during germination.
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