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Hideoki TANAKA, Hidekatsu MAEDA, Hideo SUZUKI, Akira KAMIBAYASHI, Kenz ...
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1429-1438
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A photosynthetic bacterium, which can grow photosynthetically on benzoate, was isolated from sewage mud. Various kinds of aromatic compounds including heterocyclic aromatic compounds were photometabolized by the washed cells grown photosynthetically on benzoate with no lag period. Among these, thiophene-2-carboxylate was metabolized most rapidly to its (+)-tetrahydro derivative. The same strain could also grow on succinate under photosynthetic conditions. However, thiophene-2-carboxylate was only photometabolized after a long lag period by the washed cells grown photosynthetically on succinate, and the metabolite was not its (+)-tetrahydro derivative but (+)-3-hydroxytetrahydrothiophene-2-carboxylate. In the presence of chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, the photometabolism of thiophene-2-carboxylate by the washed cells grown photosynthetically on benzoate was not affected at all, but the photometabolism of the same substrate by the washed cells grown photosynthetically on succinate was completely inhibited. These results indicate that a reduction system of broad substrate specificity for aromatic rings is already present in the benzoate-grown cells but absent in the succinate-grown cells. It seems that such a reduction system for aromatic rings is induced by an aromatic substrate.
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M. C. GIARDINA, M. T. GIARDI, G. FILACCHIONI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1439-1445
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
The metabolism of atrazine herbicide by
Nocardia, a soil bacterium previously shown to degrade the herbicide to 4-amino-2-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazine, has been studied. The primary route of the metabolism appeared to be N-dealkylation and was similar to that found in several fungi. The data suggested that the isolated dealkylated metabolites were precursors of 4-amino-2-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazine. The supposed metabolites 4-alkylamino-2-chloro-1, 3, 5-triazines were synthesized but there was not direct proof of their involvement in the degradation process.
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Jun-ichi SHIMIZU, Masazumi WATANABE
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1447-1452
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Volatile components of the phenolic fractions from Koshu and Zenkoji wine flavor concentrates were identified by combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The fraction from Koshu wine was composed of 13 volatile phenols, 11 fatty acids, 8 lactones, 4 ketones and many alcohols. The volatile compounds identified in the fraction from Zenkoji wine were almost common to those from Koshu wine with only slight differences. The phenolic fraction had no wine-like flavor, but possesed a phenolic and disagreeable odor. 13 volatile phenols in Koshu wine and 10 phenols in Zenkoji wine were detected. Five phenols (2, 6-di-tert;-butyl-4-methylphenol, 3, 4-dimethylphenol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol and 4-allyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol) were found for the first time as volatile components of wine and another 11 compounds were also newly detected in Koshu or Zenkoji wines.
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Kenjiro TADERA, Fumio YAGI, Shoji MINEMOTO, Akira KOBAYASHI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1453-1456
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Cycasin, the toxic glycoside of cycad plants, interfered with seed germination and seedling growth of
Gramineae,
Crucifereae and
Leguminosae. The shoots and roots of seedlings showed wilting, chlorosis and necrosis. Rice plants were most sensitive and soybean plants rather tolerant.
Respiration and α-amylase activity were markedly low in the rice seedlings treated with cycasin. Both cycasin and its aglycone, methylazoxymethanol, did not inhibit the activity of α-amylase, but did suppress the formation of α-amylase in rice endosperms. Exogenous gibberellin considerably reversed the inhibition of germination and growth, and the suppression of α-amylase formation caused by these toxins.
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Masachika TAKASHIO, Yoshiro OKAMI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1457-1464
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A screening method for inhibitory activity against
Streptococcus mutans dextransucrase (EC 2.4.1.5) was devised and applied to culture broths of microorganisms isolated from soil and sea water. Of about 7, 000 tested, only one strain, identified as a species of
Streptomyces neyagawaensis on the basis of morphological and physiological studies, was found to produce a strong low molecular weight inhibitor of about 700-800 daltons in size.
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Hitoshi OBATA, Tai TOKUYAMA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1465-1468
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
The reduction of 2, 6-dichlorophenolindophenol by reductic acid over a wide pH range (pH 2-12) was investigated using the stopped-flow method.
1) The apparent first-order constant, κ
app, and the second-order rate constant, κ, were obtained. The κ-pH profile of reductic acid showed a similar pattern to that of triose reductone and L-ascorbic acid.
2) The kinetic characteristics of acid-reductones for seven kinds of reductones are shown according to the second-order rate constant, κ. The κ value for reductic acid is about half of that of L-ascorbic acid at pH 2.6 and the same at pH 7.0. From these results, it was demonstrated that a determination of reductic acid by the stopped-flow method is possible.
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Jihn Sang KIM, Hiroshi YAMAUCHI, Kazutoshi ITO, Hajime TAKAHASHI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1469-1474
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Very efficient hydrogen producing photosynthetic bacteria, strains SL1, SL3, SL16 and TG28 newly isolated in Korea, and strain KM113 newly isolated in the Sendai area, were found to be
Rhodopseudomonas spp. To examine the stability of cell suspensions of the cultures for hydrogen production, which is closely associated with light absorption, we conducted larger scale cultures under periodic illumination (12-hr intervals) without stirring at 30°C using strains SL1 and
Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides B5, the latter was isolated in the Bangkok area. Both strains gave homogeneous cell suspensions throughout the incubation period and larger amounts of hydrogen were produced in a shorter period of time by both cultures than obtained with
Rhodopseudomonas sp. TN3, an isolate from the Sendai area which was reported previously. With the cells of the new isolates and strains TN3 and B5 grown on glutamate-malate medium at 30°C, we measured hydrogen production at 20, 30 and 40°C in the same medium. Among them, strains SL1, SL16 and KM113 showed the highest hydrogen production activity at 30°C. The maximum hydrogen production rates with these strains were over 130 μl/hr/mg dry cells, but at 40°C, the highest activity (138 μl/hr/mg dry cells) was obtained with strain B5. Since strain B5 also showed good activities at 20 and 30°C, we suggest that this strain might be suitable for hydrogen production in outdoor cultures.
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Toru HAYASHI, Koji KAWASHIMA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1475-1479
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
The sucrose content in both potato tubers and sweet potato roots was considerably increased by gamma-irradiation. The maximum increase was achieved by an irradiation dose of 3 to 4 kGy for potatoes and 0.8 to 2 kGy for sweet potatoes. Cooling treatment (15°C, 2 weeks) for sweet potato roots also enhanced the sucrose content (almost 2 times) but was not additive to the irradiation treatment; the maximum sucrose content in irradiated sweet potato roots was in the range of 7 to 12% irrespective of the cooling treatment, depending on the variety of sweet potatoes. Irradiation made the sucrose content in the roots 2 to 4 times higher.
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Setsuko IWABUCHI, Kazuo SHIBASAKI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1481-1488
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
The salt-free heat denaturated β-conglycinin, heated to 99°C for 5 min, exhibited dissociation of the protein into subunits (α, α' and β). Heat-induced dissociates could be converted to β-conglycinin with an increase in ionic strength of the protein solution. The reassociation of these dissociates depended on the salt concentration and on the species of the constituent subunits. Adding salt above 0.1 M NaCl favored reassociation of the thermal dissociates. The β subunit has a tendency to form an aggregate of higher molecular size, while the α and α' subunits have an ability to form the 7S aggregate. Reconstituted β-conglycinin possessed the characteristic of 7S ⇔ 9S interconversion with a change of ionic strength, which has been considered as a feature of native conglycinin. The restoration of electrophoretical mobility, ultracentrifugal characteristics and the secondary structure of CD properties was distinct evidence supporting the reconstitution of β-conglycinin from its thermally denatured state. However, the reconstituted conformation differed from the native β-conglycinin in its quantitative precipitin curve and ultraviolet difference spectrum.
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Hajime MATSUSHIMA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1489-1494
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo(
a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(
a)pyrene (benzo(
e)pyrene), dibenzo(
a, h)anthracene and benzo(
ghi)perylene, were identified and determined in sediments from Tokyo Bay. Their concentrations were proved to be in a range from several tens to several hundreds μg/kg of dry samples. This seems to suggest that the smaller are the average particle sizes of sediments and the higher are the total amounts of PAH concentrations.
Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between the following pairs: total amount of PAH
vs. clay content; total amount of PAH
vs. the sum of (clay + silt) contents; total amount of PAH
vs. ignition loss. In addition, significant positive correlations were statistically found between ignition loss and clay content as well as the sum of (clay + silt) contents.
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Toshio WAKAMATU, Yasushi SATO, Yoshiko SAITO
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1495-1503
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
The aggregates in gelled yolk were isolated by gel filtration with a Sepharose
4B column, after suspension in 1M NaCl, and then they were identified by chemical analysis and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. No significant difference was found in lipid and protein composition between the aggregates and the low density lipoprotein in plasma (LDLP). It was concluded that the aggregates in gelled yolk were composed only of LDLP which suggested that the other yolk components (
i.e. lipovitellins, livetins and phosvitin) might not directly participate in yolk gelation. However, the possibility that low deensity lipoprotein in granule (LDLG) might be partly responsible for gelation can not be excluded, because the lipid and protein composition of LDLG and LDLP were almost the same and LDLG also aggregated during the freezing as well as LDLP.
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Se-Eok YUN, Kunio OHMIYA, Shoichi SHIMIZU
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1505-1511
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
β-Casein was modified by trypsin, chymosin or phosphoprotein phosphatase. Each modified β-casein was fortified to the test-milk which was pretreated at 10°C by immobilized thermolysin to curdle non-enzymatically at 35°C. Fortification with chymosin-modified β-casein, devoid of the hydrophobic moiety near the C-terminus, increased the curd tension as did native β-casein. The test-milk fortified with trypsin-modified β-casein, which has been deleted some part of the hydrophilic region near the N-terminus, had similar curd tension to unfortified test-milk. The test-milk fortified with dephosphorylated β-casein, formed a softer curd than that with native β-casein. Trypsin-modified β-casein or dephosphorylated β-casein retained its associative ability, but chymosin-modified β-casein revealed negligible ability to associate.
These results led to the conclusion that the phosphoryl group on the hydrophilic moiety of β-casein contributes to the increase in curd tension, while the hydrophobic moiety is responsible for the association of β-casein.
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Yuji HOSHI, Fumio YAMAUCHI, Kazuo SHIBASAKI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1513-1517
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Soybean 7S and 11S globulins were stored at relative humidities (RHs) of 11% and 96% at 50°C. The redispersibility of the proteins at RH 96% decreased in a short time. However, it did not decrease, when stored for 45 days at RH 11%. Gel filtration showed that the proteins polymerized during storage. The effects of urea, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on the redispersibilities of the proteins at RH 96% showed that the hydrogen, hydrophobic and disulfide bonds participate in the polymerization of 7S globulin, and that the disulfide bond is strongly related to the polymerization of 11S globulin. Redispersibility was restored with 2-ME in both the 7S and 11S globulins and some of the proteins in the supernatant redispersed with 2-ME were observed to be similar to the native ones with respect to the gel filtration, electrophoretic behavior and circular dichroism spectrum.
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Yukio FUJISAWA, Minoru UCHIDA, Masaru SUZUKI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1519-1523
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Sulfur metabolism in
Cephalosporium acremonium was investigated using a mutant, 8650
+/OAH
-/SeMe
R, which could not convert cysteine or inorganic sulfur to methionine. The production of cephalosporin by the mutant depended on the amount of
S-sulfocysteine in a chemically defined medium supplemented with a low level of methionine sufficient to support optimal growth.
S-Sulfocysteine was detected in an extract of cells grown in the presence of sodium thiosulfate and L-serine. Furthermore, an NADPH-linked reduction of
S-sulfocysteine to cysteine was demonstrated in a cell-free extract. These facts suggest that
S-sulfocysteine is a direct precursor in cysteine biosynthesis in
C. acremonium and an alternative pathway involving the compound is one of the most important ones in cephalosporin C production by this fungus.
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Yasuo IGARASHI, Tohru KODAMA, Yasuji MINODA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1525-1530
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Cells of a thermophilic hydrogen bacterium,
Pseudomonas hydrogenothermophila TH-1 were treated with
N-methyl-N'-nitro-TV-nitrosoguanidine and resulting mutants resistant to tryptophan analogues were selected under autotrophic culture conditions (energy source, H
2; carbon source, CO
2). A mutant strain, 7922, which was resistant to 2000 μg/ml of 5-methyltryptophan and 200 - 500 μg/ml of 5-fluorotryptophan, was obtained by two step mutations. This mutant excreted 38 - 70 μg/ml of tryptophan into flask culture broth and a maximum of 200 μg/ml into jar fermentor broth.
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Yoshihiro KANAMARU, Yasuo KUZUYA, Tamotsu TANAHASHI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1531-1537
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A fraction containing IgA (IgA-rich fraction) was prepared from bovine colostrum by anion exchange chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. A large amount of IgG1-dimer was found in this fraction, which could not be separated from IgA by repeated gel filtration.
The Fc fragment of bovine colostral IgG (IgG-Fc) was prepared from papain digestion mixtures. IgG-Fc was found to be heterogeneous on DEAE-celluiose column chromatography. Two IgG-Fc fractions were obtained, but no antigenic difference was found between them. Anti-IgG-Fc antibodies raised in rabbits by injection of these Fc preparations reacted only with IgG1 and IgG2. An immunoadsorbent (anti-IgG-Fc-Sepharose) was prepared by coupling these anti-IgG-Fc antibodies to CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B.
IgA was purified from the IgA-rich fraction by affinity chromatography on anti-IgG-Fc-Sepharose adsorbent. IgG1-dimer was effectively removed by this treatment. The purified sample gave only one precipitin arc characteristic of IgA on immunoelectrophoresis with multiple anti-bovine colostral whey antiserum. A small amount of IgA was found to be adsorbed to the affinity column nonspecifically.
When a rabbit was immunized with the purified IgA, besides anti-IgA antibodies, antibodies against the secretory component (SC) were found in the antiserum. This finding leads us to expect that the purified IgA is secretory IgA containing SC.
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Yoshiyuki TAKASAKI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1539-1547
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
An α-amylase which produces maltohexaose as the main product from strach was found in the culture nitrate of
Bacillus circulans G-6 which was isolated from soil and identified by the author.
The enzyme was purified by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography and Sephadex G-200 column chromatography. The purified enzyme was homogeneous on disc electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme were around pH 8.0 and around 60°C, respectively. The enzyme was stable in the range of pH 5-10. Metal ions such as Hg
2+, Cu
2+, Zn
2+, Fe
2+ and Co
2+ inhibited the enzyme activity. The molecular weight was about 76, 000. The yield of maltohexaose from soluble starch of DE (dextrose equivalent
*) 1.8-12.6 was about 30%, and the combined action of the enzyme and pullulanase or isoamylase increased the yield of maltohexaose.
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Nobuya MATSUMOTO, Osamu FUKUSHI, Masanobu MIYANAGA, Katsushi KAKIHARA, ...
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1549-1558
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Alcoholic fermentation from grains with a noncooking system was successfully carried out for the first time on an industrial scale. The results were compared with those with a conventional high-temperature cooking system and a low-temperature cooking one and it was found that:
(1) The fermentation efficiency is equal or superior to that of the high-temperature cooking system.
(2) Mashing at a concentration high enough to obtain an average 14.2% final alcohol concentration can be very easily done on an industrial scale.
(3) The need for heavy fuel oil for the mashing process is eliminated.
(4) The noncooking system allows much energy saving in industrial production of alcohol from starchy materials.
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Mamoru HASHIMOTO, Katsutada TAKAHASHI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1559-1564
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Heat evolution during growth of bakery yeast was studied in a heat-conduction calorimeter. Growth thermograms observed for yeast grown on liquid synthetic media with various inoculum sizes were compared. The quantitative relation between actual heat evolution and inoculum size was discussed in terms of the exponential growth function.
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Minoru NODA, Thanh Vo VAN, Isao KUSAKABE, Kazuo MURAKAMI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1565-1569
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
To elucidate the mechanism of hydrolysis of fish muscle proteins by fish proteinases in fish sauce production, each pure preparation of three alkaline proteinases and two acid proteinases from sardine was tested for its ability to hydrolyze various proteins and its stability in the presence of 0 to 25% of NaCl. Each of the alkaline proteinases hydrolyzed casein more rapidly than other proteins. A major alkaline proteinase (
III) hydrolyzed sarcoplasmic protein from sardine 5-times faster than other alkaline proteinases. Each of two acid proteinases hydrolyzed hemoglobin and myoglobin more rapidly than the other proteins. After preincubation with 25% NaCl, an alkaline proteinase (
III) and an acid proteinase (
II) were stable although the other proteinases became unstable. The two proteinases, alkaline proteinase
III and acid proteinase
II, were also stable for three months after the beginning of fish sauce production. The proteolytic activity of each of alkaline and the acid proteinases was strongly inhibited by more than 15% NaCl; however, minimum inhibition was observed when sardine muscle proteins were used as the substrate.
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Yoshimitsu YAMAZAKI, Hidekatsu MAEDA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1571-1581
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A polymerizable NAD derivative, N
6-[N-[N-(2-hydroxy-3-methacrylamidopropyl)carbamoylmethyl]carbamoylmethyl]-NAD, formate dehydrogenase, and malate dehydrogenase were entrapped all together in polyacrylamide gels. The entrapment was carried out by radical copolymerization, and consequently NAD was bound on the matrix which enclosed the enzymes. These gels had the function of producing L-malate from oxalacetate and formate. The L-malate production was also continuously done in a column reactor for 3 days. Another gel was similarly prepared with N
6-[N-(6-methacrylamidohexyl)carbamoylmethyl]-NAD, horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase, and diaphorase. This gel was shown to catalyze the formation of resorufin from resazurin and ethanol. This gel was applicable to ethanol analysis using a fluorescence spectrophotometer to determine resorufin. The analyzer was usable for one week.
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Naotoshi MATSUDOMI, Akio KATO, Kunihiko KOBAYASHI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1583-1586
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
The surface properties of deamidated gluten were investigated with respect to their conformational changes. The helix content of gluten decreased curvilinearly with its decrease of deamidation. The surface tension decreased in proportion to the degree of deamidation. On the other hand, the surface hydrophobicity of gluten increased remarkably in proportion to the degree of deamidation. The emulsifying properties of gluten were improved greatly by deamidation, correlating linearly with the surface hydrophobicity. From these results, the relationships between the conformational changes and functional properties of deamidated gluten are discussed.
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Michiko WATANABE, Norikazu FUJII, Soichi ARAI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1587-1592
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A papain-catalyzed reaction involving covalent incorporation of L-leucine
n-alkyl ester is available for producing an enzymatically modified protein (EMP) with surfactancy [
Agric. Biol. Chem.,
45, 1621 (1981)]. In the present work we used gelatin as a starting material and incorporated L-leucine n-hexyl ester to produce a whippable EMP and L-leucine
n-dodecyl ester to produce an emulsifiable EMP. A foam system formed with the whippable EMP was much stabler than that formed with sodium dodecylsulfate. The emulsifiable EMP also gave a much stabler oil-in-water emulsion than Tween-80 did. The stability of the emulsion formed with EMP was not affected by the presence of NaCl at a very high concentration. The observed foam and emulsion stabilities were well explained by the data for decreased mobility of the involved water protons. These results may indicate that EMP molecules, when arranged at the air/water or oil/water interface, can bind a part of the water to form thick barriers which prevent the air or oil particles from coalescing.
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Shinobu IRIUCHIJIMA, Atsuko KEIYU, Natsuko KOJIMA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1593-1597
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Enzymes and microorganisms were screened for the enantioselective hydrolysis of (±)-1-acetoxy-2, 3-dichloropropane (1) which is convertible to epichlorohydrin. Pancreatin and steapsin from hog pancreas were found to hydrolyze (±)-1 asymmetrically to give (
S)-1 of 90% enantiomeric excess (
e.e.). From (
S)-1 was synthesized the optically pure (
S)-isomer of propranolol[1-isopropylamino-3-(1-naphthoxy)-2-propanol], one of the typical β-adrenergic blocking agents.
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Hideo SHIRAFUJI, Kazuo NAKAHAMA, Ikuo NOGAMI, Makoto KIDA, Masahiko YO ...
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1599-1611
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
It has been reported that
Bacillus vitellinus, a butirosin A-producing bacterium, has two enzymes: butirosin A-3'-phosphotransferase, catalyzing phosphorylation of butirosin A, and phosphatase, catalyzing dephosphorylation of butirosin A-3'-phosphate.
A phosphatase-negative mutant, P-15, was derived from a potent butirosin A producer, BA-44, by NTG treatment. The mutant, P-15, was found to produce a butirosin A derivative when it was grown in a medium containing a relatively high concentration of inorganic phosphate. This compound was isolated and confirmed to be butirosin A-6'-
N-diphosphate by physico-chemical analysis and
13C-NMR spectrometry.
Furthermore, a mutant strain, AP-165, was derived from the phosphatase-negative mutant, P-15. This strain, AP-165, was isolated as a nonproducer on an agar piece of bouillon medium, but was found to accumulate a major product, 6'-deamino-6'-hydroxybutirosin A-6'-
O-diphosphate, and a minor one, 6'-deamino-6'-hydroxybutirosin A-6'-
O-monophosphate.
It seems likely that these phosphorylated compounds are possible intermediates of butirosin A biosynthesis in
B. vitellinus.
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Takanori KASAI, Sadao SAKAMURA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1613-1615
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A new amide, isoseryl S-methylcysteamine sulfoxide, was isolated from the tubers of Sarutori-Ibara (
Smilax china, Liliaceae). Two components obtained by hydrolysis of the amide were identified as isoserine and S-methylcysteamine sulfoxide, respectively, by FD-high MS spectrum and comparison with authentic samples.
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Takashi AKAMATSU, Junichi SEKIGUCHI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1617-1621
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced protoplast transformation by plasmid pTP4 DNA encoded chloramphenicol resistance determinant was developed for
Bacillus subtilis,
B. amyloliquefaciens,
B. licheniformis,
B. megaterium and
B. pumilus. Protoplasts were formed by treatment of cells with lysozyme and the transformation frequencies (transformants per regenerants) were in the range of 1.3×10
-2 to 7.1×10
-1. Reisolated plasmid DNA prepared from transformants exhibited covalently closed and open circular forms similar to those of the donor DNA. These results indicate that PEG-induced protoplast transformation is an adequate method for plasmid transformation and pTP4 is a useful plasmid as a cloning vector in a wide range of varieties of the genus
Bacillus.
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Yoshio WATANABE, Ryozo SUGI, Yonemi TANAKA, Shinsaku HAYASHIDA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1623-1630
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Coriolus sp. No. 20 decolorized a melanoidin solution, a decrease of about 80% in darkness under the optimal conditions. This decolorization occurred with an intracellular enzyme which was prepared from an extract of integrated mycelia, and required aeration and some kinds of sugars, particularly glucose and sorbose. The fraction with melanoidin-decolorizing activity was collected and purified by DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-200 column chromatographies. The optimal pH and temperature were pH 4.5 and 35°C, respectively. The molecular weight was found to be about 200, 000 by SDS-gel electrophoresis. The purified enzyme was identified as sorbose oxidase; decolorization proceeded in the presence of oxygen and sugars such as maltose, sucrose, lactose, galactose and xylose, besides glucose and sorbose. Glucose in the reaction mixture was converted to gluconic acid. Melanoidin was suggested to be decolorized by the active oxygen formed.
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Makoto MIURA, Fumio YAMAUCHI, Yasushi OGAWA, Kazuo SHIBASAKI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1631-1637
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A proteolipid was isolated from the chloroform-methanol (2:1, by vol.) extract of defatted soybean meals by a modified Folch method. The proteolipid gave a yield of 0.05% of the defatted meals, and the ratio of protein and lipid was neary 3:4. The complex gave a single band containing both protein and lipid on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. TLC analysis of the lipid moiety showed that the major components were glycolipids and phospholipids. The protein moiety contained more hydrophobic amino acids and less acidic amino acids in comparison with the amino acid composition of soybean globulin. The protein moiety contained two kinds of protein component (I and II) which have molecular weights of 13, 000 (I) and 15, 000 (II) on SDS-urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and N-terminal amino acids of alanine (I) and glutamic acid (II). The apoprotein is a new protein and different from the whey proteins or globulins of soybean.
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Shinsaku HAYASHIDA, Perfecto Q. FLOR
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1639-1645
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
The α-amylase and glucoamylase produced by a protease-, glycosidase-less mutant HF-15 of
Aspergillus awamori var.
kawachi were found to be adsorbable onto chitin. This adsorption was pH-independent, different from the adsorption onto raw corn starch. The binding between amylases and chitin was so tight that a chitin-immobilized amylase was obtained without the aid of a cross linking agent, glutaraldehyde, and it retained more than 90% of the original activity of the free enzyme. The immobilized amylase digested gelatinized potato starch, glycogen and even raw corn starch to the same high extent as glucose similar to the free enzyme, but it was different from the unbound crude enzyme in the lack of transglucosidase activity, and slightly different in pH- and thermo-stabilities. An experiment using the immobilized amylase for alcohol fermentation demonstrated the possibility of recycling the enzyme for raw starch saccharification.
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Keiichiro MURAMATSU, Mayumi OHYA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1647-1653
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
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フリー
Weanling rats were offered a choice of two diets, varying only in lysine content. The preference test was performed between a 20% gluten diet supplemented with 0.5% lysine•HCl and a lysine-deficient amino acid mixture, 20% gluten or 20% gluten plus 0.2% lysine•HCl diet, and was done between a 20% gluten diet and a 20% gluten diet containing 3, 5 or 7% lysine•HCl. Weight gain and food intake were not significantly different among all the self-selecting groups, and these values were almost the same as those in rats fed only the 20% gluten supplemented 0.5% lysine•HCl diet which obtained maximal growth. The lysine intake of the combination groups ranged from 67 to 240mg per day (0.62-2.35% of consumed food). It was demonstrated that rats exhibit a definite ability to regulate lysine intake, and they select sufficient lysine to meet their requirements for this amino acid. The self-selection technique may be useful as a method to determine the requirements for amino acids.
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Nobuyuki KURITA, Shigeru KOIKE
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1655-1660
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
Acetic acid, NaCl and essential oil components were examined for their synergistic antimicrobial effect, using air-borne microorganisms and purely cultured fungi. Antimicrobial assays were carried out at 27°C, using 2% glucose Sabouraud agar. In order to completely suppress the growth of all the contaminating air microorganisms over a period of one month, more than 0.2% acetic acid or more than 25% NaCl was required in the medium. Any one of the essential oil components examined, at a concentration of as high as 1 mM or more, permitted considerable growth of various air microorganisms within several days after contamination. However, in combination with both 0.1% acetic acid and 3% NaCl, perillaldehyde, citral (α, β-unsaturated aliphatic aldehydes), citronellol, geraniol, perillalcohol (primary alcohols) or cuminaldehyde, at a concentration of 0.5 mM, completely suppressed the growth of all the contaminating air microorganisms over a period of one month.
Cinnamaldehyde was approximately twice as potent as these compounds in this respect. L-Menthol (secondary alcohol) and D-carvone (α, β-unsaturated ketone), at a concentration of 1 mM but not O.5mM, completely suppressed such microbial growth under the same exprimental conditions. Citronellal (α, β-saturated aldehyde) and linalool (tertiary alcohol) were somewhat less effective than L-menthol and D-carvone. Hydrocarbons examined (D-limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, β-myrcene, β-caryophyllene and p-cymene), even at 2mM, were only moderately effective in this respect.
Similar synergistic antimicrobial effects of these substances were observed when using purely cultured fungi.
These results strongly suggest that acetic acid, NaCl and certain essential oils (or their components), when combined together, are applicable at relatively lower concentrations for effective preservation of certain foods without applying synthetic preservatives.
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Reiko INATANI, Hidetsugu FUWA, Haruo SETO, Nobuji NAKATANI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1661-1666
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A new antioxidant, phenolic diterpene, named rosmanol, was isolated from the leaves of rosemary (
Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Its structure has been determined as 7β, 11, 12-trihydroxy-6, 10-(epoxymethano)abieta-8, 11, 13-trien-20-one on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. In addition, all the protons of rosmanol (
II) as well as carnosol (
I), including the methylene protons of the A ring, were analyzed by 400 MHz
1H-NMR.
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Christopher O. IKEDIOBI, Elewechi ONYIKE
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1667-1669
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Teruo MIYAZAWA, Riichiro USUKI, Takashi KANEDA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1671-1672
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Tadashi KAMIKUBO, Ryuichi MATSUNO, Ranier BIEGANOWSKI, Birgit SENKPIEL ...
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1673-1674
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yoshiyuki HOSOYAMA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1675-1677
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Akio IDE, Masaaki TANAKA, Daizo KOGA, Kazuyoshi YAGISHITA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1679-1680
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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V. K. SINGH, M. MATHUR, S. N. MATHUR
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1681-1682
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Katsui YUASA, Kazuya HAYASHI, Takeji MIZUNUMA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1683-1686
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Masanori ASADA, Kazuhiro NAKANISHI, Ryuichi MATSUNO, Tadashi KAMKUBO
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1687-1688
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Masaki AMANO, Naomichi BABA, Jun'ichi ODA, Yuzo INOUYE
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1689-1691
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Rikisaku SUEMITSU, Akihiko NAKAMURA, Fujio ISONO, Tomohiko SANO
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1693-1694
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kazumitsu UEDA, Junji MORITA, Tohru KOMANO
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1695-1697
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Kazunori HATANO, Masayuki MUROI, Eiji HIGASHIDE, Masahiko YONEDA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1699-1702
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Yoshinobu NAOSHIMA, Takahiro MAKITA, Hirokiyo KONDO, Shuichi HAYASHI
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1703-1704
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Nariyuki ISHIKURA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1705-1706
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
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Ken-ichi FUKUHARA, Minoru KATSURA, Sawao MURAO
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1707-1710
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー
A novel proteinase inhibitor, talopeptin (MK-I), was found in the culture filtrate of
Streptomyces mozunensis MK-23, which is a new species of the genus
Streptomyces. Talopeptin was successively purified from the culture filtrate by carbon adsorption, butanol extraction, and DEAE-Sephadex A-25, carbon and Sephadex G-10 chromatographies. The structure was elucidated to be 6-deoxy-α-L-talopyranosyloxyphospho-L-leucyl-L-tryptophan as described previously.1) Talopeptin is stable in neutral or alkaline solutions, but unstable in an acidic solution. Inhibitory activity of talopeptin against thermolysin noticeably decreased at pHs higher than 7.
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Masanobu MUNEKATA, Haruo SETO, Gakuzo TAMURA
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1711-1713
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
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Eiichi KUWANO, Noriko SATO, Morifusa ETO
1982 年 46 巻 6 号 p.
1715-1716
発行日: 1982年
公開日: 2006/03/27
ジャーナル
フリー