-
Takeo UCHIYAMA, Junichi SATO, Nagahiro OGASAWARA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
1-10
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The formation of lignin or lignin-like substances were investigated in rice callus (Te-Tep) in response to fungal infection (
Alternaria brassicicola,
Botrytis cinerea, and
Aspergillus oryzae). Lignification, regardless of infection, was not observed in rice callus. However, ferulic acid was detected as a degradation product (alkaline hydrolysis and alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation) of the callus cell wall by means of TLC and GC-MS. The amount of this substance increased with inoculation of
Aspergillus oryzae. Spore germination and the mycelial growth of
A. brassicicola was not affected by ferulic acid.
Qualitative changes of free phenols were also examined in relation to rice callus infected with plant pathogenic fungi. Free phenols such as vanillic, syringic, protocatechuic, caffeic and ferulic acids were not detected in rice callus tissues. Only traces of
p-coumaric and
p-hydroxybenzoic acids were detected.
View full abstract
-
Junji MORITA, Tohru KOMANO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
11-18
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The DNA breakage action of sugars was investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis of phage øX174 superhelical duplex DNA. Some reducing sugar phosphates such as D-fructose 6-phosphate, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate and D-ribose 5-phosphate induced single strand breaks in øX174 superhelical duplex DNA. Cu
2+ stimulated the DNA strand break. EDTA, superoxide dismutase, catalase and oxygen radical scavengers inhibited the DNA strand break. The DNA strand break was, therefore, caused by oxygen radicals generated during the autoxidation of reducing sugar phosphates. Other reducing sugar phosphates and many common reducing sugars which have a carbonyl group also induced strand breaks in øX174 superhelical duplex DNA in the presence of Cu
2+.
View full abstract
-
Hirao KOHNO, Hidehiko KUMAGAI, Tatsurokuro TOCHIKURA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
19-24
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate kinase was purified from baker's yeast to 280-fold. The molecular weight of the enzyme was calculated to be 26, 000 by gel filtration. With ATP as a phosphate donor, UMP was the most active phosphate acceptor. Besides UMP, the kinase also phosphorylated CMP, dCMP and dUMP.
Km values for UMP, CMP, dCMP and dUMP were 0.052, 0.071, 0.54 and 8.5mM, respectively. The kinase was activated by preincubation with dithiothreitol. The extent of the activation depended on the concentration of dithiothreitol and incubation time. HgCl
2,
p-CMB and
N-ethylmaleimide inhibited this enzyme.
View full abstract
-
Hiroshi MATSUZAWA, Masaru HAMAOKI, Takahisa OHTA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
25-28
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
The progress of growth of
Thermus aquaticus YT-1 and production of casein hydrolytic enzyme in the culture supernatant were followed, and it was found that the cells produced at least two kinds of extracellular proteases. The properties of the crude enzymes were examined. One of the extracellular proteases, which we call aqualysin I, is an alkaline protease which was secreted linearly from the early stationary phase until the time the cells ceased to grow. The optimum temperature of the proteolytic activity was between 70 and 80°C, and the enzyme activity was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate. The other which we call aqualysin II is a neutral protease, the production of which was observed remarkably from 4 days and continued linearly for 5 days. The maximum activity was obtained at 95°C (the highest temperature tested), and the proteolytic activity was inhibited by diisopropyl fluorophosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate and ethyleneglycol-bis (β-aminoethyl ether)-
N,
N'-tetraacetate.
View full abstract
-
Keiichi KAWAI, Kazuhisa KUMAGAI, Mitsuko MORI, Hiroyuki HORITSU
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
29-32
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Phosphoglycerate mutase (EC 2.7.5.3) of
Leuconostoc dextranicum AHU 1078 adsorbed onto blue dextran-Sepharose, was easily eluted with a low concentration of pyrophosphate. Pyrophosphate inhibited the mutase competitively with respect to 3-phosphoglycerate, but noncompetitively with respect to 2, 3-bisphosphoglycerate. Further inhibition studies suggested that two molecules of pyrophosphate bound per active site of the phosphoglycerate mutase. The inactivation of the
Leuconostoc mutase by pyridoxal phosphate was prevented by the addition of pyrophosphate. Spectral measurements revealed that the mutase-Cibacron Blue complex in solution was dissociated by the addition of pyrophosphate.
View full abstract
-
Akio KATO, Yukiko OSAKO, Naotoshi MATSUDOMI, Kunihiko KOBAYASHI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
33-37
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Changes in the emulsifying and foaming properties of ovalbumin, 7S globulin, κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin were followed during heat denaturation, and these surface properties were correlated with the corresponding surface hydrophobicity, in order to investigate the role of surface hydrophobicity in the surface properties of proteins. The surface hydrophobicity of ovalbumin, 7S globulin and κ-casein increased with heat denaturation, while that of β-lactoglobulin and bovine serum albumin decreased. The emulsifying activity and emulsion stability of proteins correlated linearly with surface hydrophobicity, although protein structure changed greatly during heat denaturation. On the other hand, the foaming power of proteins correlated curvilinearly with surface hydrophobicity during heat denaturation. No significant correlation was observed between the foam stability and the surface hydrophobicity of proteins.
On the basis of these results, the relationships between the surface properties and the structure of proteins are discussed.
View full abstract
-
Nobuo KATO, Kamon SHIRAKAWA, HISATAKA KOBAYASHI, Chikahiro SAKAZAWA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
39-46
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Formaldehyde-resistant
Pseudomonas putida F61 isolated from a soil sample showed high activities of formaldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.1) and a specific enzyme catalyzing the dismutation of formaldehyde to form methanol and formate. The latter enzyme, given the trivial name of formaldehyde dismutase, was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from a cell-free extract of
P. putida F61. The enzyme was a tetramer with a molecular weight of approximately 2.2 x 10
5, and an isoelectric point of 4.8. The enzyme catalyzed the stoichiometric dismutation of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde to form a half mol of each of the corresponding alcohol and acid without addition of an electron acceptor, but it did not catalyze the dismutation of propionaldehyde, butyraldehyde and so on. The apparent
Km for formaldehyde was found to be 350mM. One of the most unique properties of the enzyme was the catalytic activity of crossdismutation between two different aldehydes, such as formaldehyde/acetaldehyde, formaldehyde/propionaldehyde, and so on.
View full abstract
-
Tadaharu HIEDA, Yoichi MIKAMI, Yukiteru OBI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
47-51
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
cis-Abienol was transformed into a new compound, (12Z)-labda-12, 14-dien-17α-oic acid, in the presence of metabolic inhibitors, by
Nocardia restricta JTS-162. Based on the experiments with a degradation sequence, a new transformation pathway was proposed. This pathway was not determined by the plasmid, and was suppressed by the other pathway determined by the plasmid.
View full abstract
-
Atsushi NAGASE, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Yasuhira TOMINAGA, Ryozo SUGAWARA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
53-58
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
In the random screening of nematicidal compounds against the pine wood nematode,
Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, using the immersion test, a series of
N-alkyl- and
N,
N-dialkyl oleylamines, dialkylamines, and their related compounds were tested. Among these tested, didecylamine was identified as the most potentially-active nematicidal compound (LC
50 ; 4.19μM, 1.24ppm). Amongst a total of 23 alkylamines, six
N- and
N,
N-dialkyl oleylamines, including oleylamine, and three dialkylamines showed a higher activity than octadecylamine (LC
50 ; 8.61μM, 2.08ppm) on a concentration basis. A total of 9 compounds tested indicated higher activity than octadecylamine on a molar basis.
View full abstract
-
Tatsuya TAMAOKI, Fusao TOMITA, Fujio KAWAMURA, Hiuga SAITO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
59-65
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Tetrocarcin A strongly inhibited incorporation of
14C-uracil and
14C-D-glucosamine into
B. subtilis in vivo. It had no effect on PM2 DNA
in vitro. It caused 50% inhibition of DNA dependent RNA polymerase from
E. coli at a concentration of about 0.1mM, while
B. subtilis RNA polymerase was inhibited only 20-30% at a concentration of 0.08 μm and the degree of inhibition did not increase at a higher concentration.
The fact that inhibition of RNA synthesis was abolished in permeabilized cells of
B. subtilis and leakage of cellular constituents was caused by tetrocarcin Asuggests that RNA synthesis is not the primary target and cell membrane is affected by tetrocarcin A in
B. subtilis.
View full abstract
-
Nobuyuki KURITA, Shigeru KOIKE
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
67-75
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Ethanol, NaCl, acetic acid and essential oil components were examined for their synergistic antimicrobial effects, using air-borne microorganisms and pure cultures of fungi. Antimicrobial assays were carried out at 27°C, using 2% glucose Sabouraud agar. In order to completely suppress the growth of all the contaminating air microorganisms for over 20 days, more than 8% (by volume) ethanol, 25% (wt/vol) NaCl, or 0.2% (by volume) acetic acid was required in the medium. All essential oil components examined, at a concentration of 1 or 2mM, were only moderate or very weak in antimicrobial effect. However, when these substances were applied in pairs, in threes and in fours, they exhibited a potent antimicrobial effect at relatively or considerably lower concentrations.
The combination of 3% ethanol, 0.05% acetic acid and 1mM perillaldehyde, and the
combination of as low as 0.5% ethanol, 2% NaCl, 0.05% acetic acid and 0.5mM perillaldehyde were sufficient to suppress completely the growth of all contaminating air microorganisms for over 20 days. The combination of 3% ethanol, 3% NaCl and 0.5mM perillaldehyde or 0.05% acetic acid was also fairly potent in this respect. Other essential oil components, such as citral, citronellol, geraniol, cuminaldehyde and eugenol, were as effective as perillaldehyde ; L-menthol, linalool and D-carvone were somewhat less effective ; and hydrocarbons (D-limonene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, β-myrcene and
p-cymene), citronellal, 1, 8-cineole, anethole and vanillin were very weak or almost completely ineffective in this respect. Similar synergistic antimicrobial effects of these substances were also observed when using pure cultures of fungi as inocula.
Our results strongly suggest that combinations of ethanol, NaCl, acetic acid and certain essential oil components, each at a considerably lower concentration, are applicable for effective preservation of foods without applying synthetic preservatives or other antimicrobial substances uncommon in usual foods.
View full abstract
-
Toshiake MATSUZAKI, Akira KOIWAI, Nobumaro KAWASHIMA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
77-82
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Four multiacyl glycerides, tetra-, penta-, hexa- and heptaacyl glycerides, were first isolated from stigmas of
Nicotiana tabacum (Bright Yellow). The main hydroxy fatty acids of these multiacyl glycerides were 18 : 1-ω-hydroxy and 18 : 2-ω-hydroxy fatty acids. The terminal OH groups of these hydroxy fatty acids were all esterified with other fatty acids. The main fatty acid was 18 : 1 followed by 18 : 2, and only very small amounts of 16 : 0, 18 : 0 and 18 : 3 were contained in the compounds.
View full abstract
-
Akira GOTO, Yoshihiro MATSUI, Kunio OHYAMA, Motoo ARAI, Sawao MURAO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
83-88
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Haim, a microbial animal α-amylase inhibitor, was purified from the culture filtrate of
Streptomyces griseosporeus YM-25 by salting out with ammonium sulfate, and column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, TEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-50. Haim was separated into two fractions, Haim I and Haim II, by the TEAE-cellulose column. The preparations were homogeneous on disc electrophoresis and sedimentation by ultracentrifugation. The molecular weights of the inhibitors were estimated to be about 8, 500 by gel filtration and acrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and about 8, 000 by sedimentation equilibrium studies. Isoelectric points of Haim I and Haim II were pH 4.0 and pH 3.8, respectively. Haim I and Haim II consisted of 75 and 77 amino acid residues, respectively, and contained no lysine or methionine residues. Neither Haim contained any carbohydrate moiety as an integral part of the protein molecule. Haim retained above 80% of its inhibitory activity after being treated at 100°C for 10 min in the pH range of from 2.5 to 7.9.
View full abstract
-
Katsuhide OKADA, Kenji MORI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
89-95
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Brassinolide analogs such as (22S, 23S)-28-norbrassinolide
8b, a lactam (6-aza-7-keto analog)
12b, a thiolactam (6-aza-7-thiono analog)
14b and an isomer (6-oxa-7-keto isomer)
15b of (22S, 23S)-homobrassinolide were synthesized. Only two of them (
8b and
15b) were bioactive.
View full abstract
-
Michitada KONDO, Kenji MORI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
97-102
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
Four brassinolide analogs were synthesized starting from cholesterol, stigmasterol or pregnenolone. An analog possessing a hydroxyl group at C-17 instead of the steroidal side chain was only 0.001% as active as brassinolide upon lamina-inclination testing with rice seedlings, while other analogs were 1-2% as active as brassinolide. This indicates the indispensable role of the side chain for the plant growth-promoting activity of brassino-steroids.
View full abstract
-
S. GIRI, NIZAMUDDIN, U. C. SRIVASTAVA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
103-105
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Shigeru HISAJIMA, Tatsuro ITO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
107-109
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
A. A. FAHMY, Mervat M. SOLIMAN, F. OSMAN
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
111-113
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Minoru IWAMOTO, Yoshikazu TAKAGI, Kunio KOGAMI, Kazuo HAYASHI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
115-116
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Minoru IWAMOTO, Yoshikazu TAKAGI, Kunio KOGAMI, Kazuo HAYASHI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
117-119
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Dong Ki PARK, Junji TERAO, Seturo MATSUSHITA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
121-123
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Nobuko MINAGAWA, Akio YOSHIMOTO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
125-127
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Keiko SHIMADA, Kenzo SHIMAHARA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
129-131
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Muchsin DARISE, Hiroshi KOHDA, Kenji MIZUTANI, Ryoji KASAI, Osamu TANA ...
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
133-135
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Fumio YAGI, Kenjiro TADERA, Akira KOBAYASHI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
137-139
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Toshiaki SHINOHARA, Shigeru YAMAMOTO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
141-143
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takayuki OGATA, Kei YAMANAKA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
145-147
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Fumiyasu ISHIKAWA, Kunio OISHI, Ko AIDA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
149-151
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Kiyofumi SAKAI, Nobutake HAMADA, Yasuto WATANABE
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
153-155
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hisashi KOMAE, Akihiko NISHI, Nanao HAYASHI, Chen WESOU, Yoshitoshi KU ...
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
157-158
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Yasutoshi TAKEICHI, Kazutaka OHMURA, Akira NAKAYAMA, Kiyotaka OTOZAI, ...
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
159-161
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takashi HAMASAKI, Yasuo KIMURA
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
163-165
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Masaharu ISHII, Toshiyuki KAWASUMI, Yasuo IGARASHI, Tohru KODAMA, Yasu ...
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
167-169
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Astushi SUZUKI, Makoto SAITO, Yoshinobu NONAMI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
171-173
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takeaki IIDA, Hidehiko KOBAYASHI, Takashi MITAMURA, Koichi SUZUKI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
175-177
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Hitoshi KUSAKABE, Yuichiro MIDORIKAWA, Akira KUNINAKA, Hiroshi YOSHINO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
179-182
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Motoo ARAI, Mitsuo SUMIDA, Shinichi NAKATANI, Sawao MURAO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
183-185
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takeshi SASSA, Hajime YOSHIKOSHI
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
187-189
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS
-
Takako HARADA, Yasukatsu OSHIMA, Takeshi YASUMOTO
1983 Volume 47 Issue 1 Pages
191-193
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: March 27, 2006
JOURNAL
FREE ACCESS