Reducing sugars accelerated the autoxidation of methyl linoleate in an aqueous emulsion system. The autoxidation induced by dihydroxyacetone, the model compound for reducing sugar, was completely inhibited by the addition of EDTA, and trace amounts of transition metals were observed in the oxidation system. Although iron salts hardly accelerated the autoxidation of methyl linoleate, the combined effect of iron salts and dihydroxyacetone markedly accelerated the oxidation process. The decomposition of methyl linoleate monohydroperoxidewas also accelerated by the combined effect of iron salts and dihydroxyacetone. Reducing sugars could reduce the ferric ion to the ferrous ion. These results indicate that reducing sugars reduce transition metal ions in the oxidation system and that the resulting reduced metal ions can accelerate the lipid peroxidation process. The autoxidized products of methyl linoleate and the decomposed products of methyl linoleate monohydroperoxide were analyzed after chemical reduction. The respective products were methyl hydroxyoctadecadienoate isomers and methyl oxohydroxy octadecenoate isomers.

View full abstract

Asteam distillate of Kogyokuapple juice was extracted with ethyl ether. The extract was separated into its acidic and neutral fractions, and the neutral fraction was further separated into five fractions by column chromatography. All these fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Several compounds in the neutral fraction of the juice were isolated by preparative GC, and then identified by comparing their mass, infrared and nuclear magneticresonance spectra with those of authentic compounds.
Sixty-seven compounds were identified from the juice, 22 compounds being found for the first time as apple flavor components. Amongthem, the following compounds have not been previously reported as flavor components in any natural product; (Z)-5-octen-l-ol, (Z, Z)- and (E, Z)-3, 5-octadien-1-ols, (Z, Z)- and (E, Z)-3, 5-octadien-l-yl acetates, (Z)-5-octene-l, 3-diol and 3-hydroxy-(Z)-5-octen-1-yl acetate.
We also madea comparison of the volatile flavor compoundsin thejuice and peel of the same
apples.

View full abstract

Protoplasts of colistin-producing Bacillus colistinus 11-4 were more susceptible to the bactericidal action of colistin than the whole cells. However, protoplasts of strain 11-4 were still moreresistant to the colistin-induced lysis than spheroplasts of colistin-sensitive E. coli. The osmotic sensitivity ofprotoplasts of B. colistinus 11-4 was also resistant to treatment with 100 /zg/ml colistin. Liposomes of lipid extracted from B. colistinus 11-4 were resistant to colistin as compared with those from E. coll. The phospholipid content of the extracted lipid of strain 11-4 was one-half that of E. coli lipid, and the phospholipid content of colistin-sensitive mutants increased with increasing sensitivity. These results suggest that the cytoplasmic membraneof B. colistinus is inherently resistant to colistin and this resistance may be associated with phospholipid.

View full abstract

A bacterial strain, ANA-18, was isolated from soil, whenaniline was provided as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen at pH 5.5. The isolate belongs to a Frateuria species. Frateuria sp. ANA-18 was able to grow on aniline at pH 4.0 to 7.0 and readily degraded it. This bacterium decomposed aniline more rapidly than Rhodococcus erythropolis AN-13 reported previously. Resting cells of aniline-grown Frateuria sp. ANA-18had 9-fold the oxidizing activity for aniline of those of R. erythropolis AN-13. The metabolic pathway for mineralization of aniline by Frateuria sp. ANA-18 was the same as that proposed for R. erythropolis AN-13.

View full abstract

α-Glucosidase II from brewer's yeast was inactivated by photooxidation in the presence of rose bengal at pH 6.8. Addition of substrate diminished the rate of inactivation. During photoinactivation the Michaelis constant was unchanged, but the maximumvelocity decreased with a decrease in residual activity. Anamino acid analysis of the oxidized enzymeshowed the reduction of two histidines and the cysteine residues.
Inactivation of the α-glucosidase II by diethylpyrocarbonate was also observed. One histidyl residue was modified, but tyrosyl and cysteinyl residues were not affected. The loss of activity of the modified enzyme was restored by treatment with hydroxylamine.
These results suggest that at least one histidyl residue serves a catalytic function in brewer's yeast α-glucosidase II.

View full abstract

A new nucleoside antibiotic, mildiomycin D, was isolated from the culture broth of Streptoverticillium rimofaciens B-98891as a minor component. Themolecular formula of the antibiotic purified by silica gel and ion exchange resin columnchromatographies was determined to be C₁₉H₃₀N₈O₈• (2H₂O) from its physicochemical data. The ultraviolet and infrared spectra were very similar to those ofmildiomycin, a major component. On the basis of ¹H and ¹³C-NMRspectra and acidic hydrolysates of the compound, the chemical structure of the antibiotic was determined as a deoxy compound at the C₈, position in mildiomycin. Mildiomycin D showed weak activities against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, phytopathogenic fungi and some yeasts, and its activity against Rhodotorula rubura was about 40% that of mildiomycin.

View full abstract

Alkali cations and monovalent inorganic anions were examined for their growth-inhibitory effect on fungi, and antagonism in this effect among different alkali cations was also investigated, using seven species of fungi. The magnitudes of their antifungal effects were in the following order: for cations, K⁺<Na⁺≅Rb⁺<Li⁺ <Cs⁺; and for anions, Cl^-NO₃^-≅ <Br^- <I^-≅ClO₄^-≅SCN^- <F^-. The growth-inhibitory effect of LiCl on most of the fungi employed was fairly well reversed by KCland RbCl. CsCl, the most toxic among the alkali chlorides investigated, also considerably antagonized at lower concentrations the growth inhibition by LiCl of some of the fungi. NaCl had the least effect in this respect. The growth inhibition by CsCl of most of the fungi was almost completely reversed by KCl. RbCl and NaCl also antagonized CsCl in some of the fungi, but they were much less effective than KCl. LiCl had the least, if any, effect in this regard. The growth inhibition by NaCl, KClor RbCl was reversed by the other alkali chlorides partially or not at all depending upon the fungi.

View full abstract

The carbohydrate composition of the spore wall after sporulation was comparedwith that of the cell wall obtained from vegetative cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mannoseand glucose were the major components of the cell wall. The spore wall was almost completely composedof glucose and glucosamine as the sugar components.Wealso determined the chemical composition and structure of glucan extracted from spore walls with cold alkali. The glucan in spore walls could be almost completely extracted with cold alkali. The major component of the glucan is β-1, 3-glucan with branching at several positions of C-6. The minor component of the glucan is β-1, 6-glucan. The alkali-insoluble fraction is mainly glucosamine polymer.

View full abstract

An anti-yeast substance, HYI, was produced by Hansenula saturnus. Production of HYI under aerobic incubation conditions took place in parallel with yeast cellular growth. HYI was concentrated by ultra filtration from the culture filtrate and purified by ion-exchange chromatography followed by gel filtration. It was then crystallized. HYI migrated as a single protein band on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and had a molecular weight of about 8500. Anthrone positive compounds could not be detected in HYI. The isoelectric point ofHYI was pH 5.80±0.05. The activity ofHYI was unaffected by heating at 60°C for 1 hr. It showed a broad anti-yeast spectrum.

View full abstract

¹³C NMRspectra of intact mycelia of Pyricularia oryzae, Botrytis cinerea, and five species of Pythium were measured. Sharp signals assigned to trehalose, mannitol and triglycerides in the cytoplasm were observed in the spectra of P. oryzae and B. cinerea. (1→3)-β-Glucan and triglycerides were detected in all species of Pythium examined, and trehalose was observed in P. intermedium, P. ultimum and P. spinosum. In addition, glucose was detected in the latter two species. No remarkable signals from proteins, nucleic acids, membranelipids or cell wall polysaccharides were observed.

View full abstract

Schizophyllan, a triple-helical beta-glucan elaborated by Schizophyllum commune Fries, was depolymerized by controlled hydrodynamic shear in the aqueous solution. The molecular weight firstly decreased rapidly and then gradually approached a constant value. The rate of depolymerization appeared to be related to the shear rate of the solution, and be stimulated by increasing the concentration of schizophyllan in the aqueous solution.
Chemical analysis of the depolymerized polysaccharide indicated that depolymerization was mainly involved in the cleavages of the beta-l, 3-linked main chain. Although the depolymerization mechanism would be similar to that caused by ultrasonic depolymerization, the present hydrodynamic depolymerization seems to be more suitable than the latter method for an industrial scale depolymerization of polysaccharides.

View full abstract

In order to determine which proteases are responsible for the autolysis of krill, the effects of several protease inhibitors on the autolysis and protease activities of krill were investigated.
Homogenatesof whole bodies, and the cephalothorax and abdomen parts of frozen krill were equilibrated at 37°C at different pHs between 2 to 10 and allowed to stand for 16hr, following which the increase in the TCA soluble fraction was monitored. ¹⁴C-Hemoglobin (¹⁴C-Hb) hydrolyzing activity was also measured using each homogenate as a crude enzyme preparation. The degree of autolysis and the ¹⁴C-Hb hydrolyzing activity were maximumat pH 5-8 for the parts studied. The hydrolytic activity was highest in the cephalothorax, followed by that in the whole body and then the abdomen.
The effects of inhibitors on the ¹⁴C-Hbhydrolyzing activity were examined, and it was seen that soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI), diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and leupeptin significantly inhibited the activity at neutral pH, and pepstatin, monoiodoacetic acid (IAAcid) and leupeptin Were effective at acidic pHfor all the parts. Investigation of the effects ofinhibitors on the autolysis at 20°C at pH 4 and 7 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the autolysis of the cephalothorax and whole body at pH 7 was suppressed a little by STI and the autolysis of the abdomen and whole body at pH 4 was significantly inhibited by iodoacetamide (IAA) and leupeptin.
These results suggest that the main proteases responsible for the autolysis of krill are trypsin like-proteases at neutral pH and cathepsins (B, H and L types) at acidic pH.

View full abstract

Three chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14) were purified from yam, Dioscorea opposita Thumb, by fractionation with ammonium sulfate, chromatographies on DEAE-Cellulose and DEAESephadex A-50, chromatofocusing and gel filtration on Bio-Gel P-60. The purified enzymes (E-l, E-2 and E-3) showed single bands on sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the molecular weights were estimated to be 33, 500. The pis were 4.05 (E-l), 4.0 (E-2) and 3.8 (E-3). All enzymes were glycoproteins and the neutral sugar contents were 3.6% (E-l), 3.6 (E-2) and 0.9% (E-3). The N-terminal amino acids ofE-l and E-3 were the same and determined to be histidine. All enzymes hydrolyzed glycolchitin, but not p-nitrophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside or Micrococcus lysodeikticus cell walls. E-l and E-3 were stable in the pH range of 5-11, and below 60°C. These enzymes showed two optimum pHs around 3.5 and 8.0 or 8.5 with glycolchitin as substrate.

View full abstract

Regenerating protoplasts of Pyricularia oryzae P₂ accumulate electron-transparent granules of polysaccharide in the cytoplasm. The granules were isolated from regenerating protoplasts and purified by repeated ultracentrifugation. The polysaccharide had a molecular weight of over 2×10⁷ and a sedimentation constant of 160 S. The polysaccharide was composed of glucose only. Conversion into maltose with α-amylase, β-amylase and isoamylase was 52, 32 and 13%, respectively. However, the simultaneous action of β-amylase and isoamylase brought about complete hydrolysis of the polysaccharide to maltose. A highly branched structure with an average chain length of 14 glucose units was deduced. The absorption maximumof the iodine complex was at 490nm. From these results, the polysaccharide was identified as glycogen.

View full abstract

The rate of precipitation of the retrograded amylose product from a dil. amylose solution was determined by the centrifugal method. The results showed that the relation of the quantity of precipitate vs. time did not fit the typical second order reaction for the coalescence of colloidal particles but fitted the crystallization formula, in appearance.
The rate of precipitation was in proportion to (c-c_a)^{1, 5}, where c is the amylose concentrationand c_a the concentration of the dil. solution phase in the phase-separated solution. Whenthe temperature dependence of the rate was treated according to the crystallization of polymers, it was found that the rate was in proportion to T_m²/T(ΔT)², where.T_m is the melting point of the polymer in solution and ΔT is (T_m-T). The T_m thus obtained was 120°C for an amylose solution. These results suggested a certain correlation between the amylose retrogradation and the crystallization.

View full abstract

Physiological diseases such as a kind ofchilling injury, that is, internal breakdown, occur in the pulp of Starking Delicious apples during cold storage and atmosphere storage. Onthe other hand, chilling injury seldom occurs during cold storage and controlled atmosphere storage in the pulp of Rails Janet apples.
To study the mechanism of this chilling injury, the phase change temperature was determined in the neutral, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions of both cultivars by differential scanning calorimetry.
The phase change temperature was observed at about 20°C in both cultivars just after harvest, and large differences did not exist. But after six months in cold storage, the phase change temperature was lower in both cultivars, and the phase change temperature in Rails Janet was lower than that in Starking Delicious.

View full abstract

(S)-(-)-Vertinolide 1 was synthesized via the tetronic acid derivative 6 from (S)-(-)- tetrahydro-2-methyl-5-oxo-2-furancarboxylic acid 3. (±)-Vertinolide was also synthesized from (±)-3.

View full abstract

A revised medium for digitoxin production by shoot-forming cultures of Digitalis purpurea L. was established. Using this medium, jar fermenter culture of the shoot-forming cultures was performed. Approximately 25 g fresh weight of cells was inoculated into a 3-liter jar fermenter containing 2.5 liter of the medium, and cultured for 15 days at 28°C with aeration of 1.4vvm without mechanical agitation. The jar was illuminated continuously throughout the culture period. The cell yield was 38.5 g dry weight perjar and the total digitoxin formation was 1610 μg per jar. The optimumrate of aeration was 1.4vvm and mechanical agitation had little effect.

View full abstract

In order to recover the volatiles which can be used as cigarette flavor ingredients from tobaccoroasting treatment, adsorption on activated carbon and desorption by ether extraction were studied. Adsorption efficiencies were varied by physical properties of the activated carbons, i.e., raw material, specific surface area, acetone adsorption capacity, and micro pore size distribution. The affinities of volatile components for activated carbon are discussed with their adsorption efficiencies. Most of the volatiles adsorbed on activated carbon were recovered by diethyl ether extraction. Especially, thermal degradation products from sugar analogues were recovered in a good yield.

View full abstract

The effect of KCD-232, a new compound with a structure of 4-(4'-chlorobenzyloxy)benzyl nicotinate, on fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver was studied in rats refed experimental diets for 3 days after having been starved for 2 days.
In younger or older rats refed 7% corn oil-containing diets, both the serum and liver
triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in the fructose (F) group than in the glucose (G) group, and those of the F group were higher in the older rats than the younger rats. KCD-232effectively inhibited fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver in both the younger and older rats. In older rats refed 7% corn oil diets, an increase in hepatic fatty acid (FA) synthesis and decreases in the activities of hepatic TG lipase (HTGL) and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were found in the F group, while the serum free FA level and hepatic FA oxidative activity of the F group were equal to those of the G group. KCD-232 strongly inhibited the fructose-enhanced FA synthesis, slightly repressed the fructose-suppressed HTGLactivity and had no effect on LPL activity and FA oxidation.
These results suggest that fructose-induced hypertriglyceridemia and fatty liver are due to an enhanced hepatic FA synthesis and decreased hydrolytic activities required for TG clearance from the circulation system and that KCD-232 prevents them by inhibiting enhanced FA synthesis.

View full abstract

Methyl linoleate containing chlorophylls and/or pheophytins was exposed to light in the presence of oxygen. The photooxidative reaction of both chlorophylls a and b was first-order, and the reaction rate for chlorophyll a was higher than that for chlorophyll b. On the other hand, pheophytins a and b hardly decomposed even after irradiation for 24hr, and retained a green or a brownish-green color. In qualitative analysis of the photooxidation products of chlorophylls a and b, no pheophytins or pheophorbides were detected, while green and polar red pigments were observed on a thin layer chromatogram near the spot of chlorophyll and the origin, respectively. These photooxidation compounds also had prooxidant effects as well as did chlorophyll.

View full abstract

The effect of chlorophyll (Chl) and pheophytin (Phy) on the photooxidation of triglycerides was examined. Prooxidant behavior similar to that noted in previously reported experiments using methyl linoleate as a substrate was observed. The prooxidant activity of Phy was found to be higher than that of Chl. Moreover, Chl b accelerated photooxidation to a greater degree than did Chl a, and Phy b was more active than Phy a.
From the compositional variation of Chl and Phy during photooxidation, it was found that Phy was stable during oxidation of oils. These facts suggest that the Phy content must be noted when considering the oxidative stability of edible oils.

View full abstract

The absolute configurations of two asymmetric centers in four stereoisomers of N-(2, 3-epoxypropyl)-N-(a-methylbenzyl)benzenesulfonamide were determined and their biological activities were tested. Consequently, N-[(R)-2, 3-epoxypropyl]-N-[(R)-α-methylbenzyl]benzenesulfonamide was found to be the most active isomer and the stereochemistry of the benzyl position was found to be more important than that of C₂ in the epoxypropyl group for biological activity.

View full abstract

On observation by scanning electron microscopy, the respective diameters of heat-induced gel networks ofmyosin B and soybean protein CIF were found to be above 1 μm and below 1 μm. In a mixture of the proteins, it was observed that the denatured soybean protein CIF had associated continuously around myosin B networks. These reactions reinforced the rough myosin B networks. The structures of the reinforced networks were considerably different from those of the individual proteins. Furthermore, when both the proteins were mixed, formation of the networks was already found before heating. It was suggested that the reaction was related to disulfide bonds between the two proteins.

View full abstract

6-Phenyl- and 5-phenyl-2-pyrazinecarbonitriles with or without a propylamino group at the 3-, 5- or 6-position of the pyrazine ring were prepared together with some related compounds from the corresponding 2, 3-pyrazinedicarbonitriles. Their herbicidal activities against barnyardgrass and broadleaf weeds were examined in pot tests. The 6-phenyl-2-pyrazinecarbonitriles were relatively potent compared with the 5-phenyl derivatives. Moreover, the presence of a propylamino group at the 5-position of the 6-phenyl-2-pyrazinecarbonitriles was closely related to an increase in activity.

View full abstract

In order to clarify further the relationship between the heat stability ofcasein micelles and the formation of soluble casein upon heating concentrated milk, the effect of formaldehyde was examined. The addition of formaldehyde up to 20 mM markedly increased the heat stability of both concentrated skim milk and concentrated whey protein-free (WPF) milk. The stabilizing effect of formaldehyde was greater for concentrated skim milk than for concentrated WPF milk. The addition of formaldehyde depressed the formation of soluble casein upon heating concentrated milk. No soluble casein was formed on the addition of 20mM formaldehyde. It was confirmed by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration in the presence of 6.6m urea that cross-links among the casein components were formed in heated concentrated WPF milk containing formaldehyde. These facts suggest that formaldehyde may introduce cross-links among the casein components and prevent the formation of soluble casein accompanying the release of K>casein from micelles, thus stabilizing the casein micelles.

View full abstract

The structure of the xyloglucan synthesised in vitro by the particulate fraction of suspensioncultured soybean (Glycine max) cells from UDP-glucose and UDP-xylose is mainly composed of two kinds of oligosaccharide-building blocks, a heptasaccharide unit and a pentassaccharide unit [T. Hayashi and K. Matsuda, J. Biol. Chem., 256, 11117 (1981)]. The synthesis of the pentasaccharide unit is probably the first step in the construction of oligosaccharide building blocks to elongate the β-1, 4-glucan backbone. This enzymatically synthesized xyloglucan was shown to have the same molecular size (M_w, 180, 000) as the xyloglucan prepared from soybean cell walls by gel filtration on a Sepharose CL-6B column, and the same building blocks distributed among each fraction. A pulse-chase experiment indicated that the pentasaccharide unit was converted into the heptasaccharide unit. The conversion was regulated by the concentration of UDP-xylose.

View full abstract

A Streptomyces-pQpsin inhibitor (S-PI or pepstatin Ac)-insensitive carboxyl proteinase was found in a still culture filtrate of Ganoderma lucidum (Manhen-take). The new carboxyl proteinase was purified, and about 15 mg of the purified enzyme was obtained from 15 liters of culture filtrate, with 13% recovery. The enzyme showed a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
The enzyme was most active at pH 3.2 toward hemoglobin, and at pH 2.0 toward casein, and stable only in the narrow pH range of 3.5 to 5.2 even under mild treatment (37°C for 3hr). The molecular weight and isoelectric point were 36, 000 and pH 5.3, respectively. The enzyme did not contain methionine.
The enzyme was characterized by the following points: (1) the proteolytic activity was not inhibited by carboxyl proteinase inhibitors such as S-PI, DAN, and EPNP; (2) the enzyme was very unstable; (3) the caseinolytic activity was very low compared with the hydrolysis of hemoglobin (about 15%); (4) the enzyme split preferentially the Phe(24)-Phe(25) bond of oxidized insulin Bchain at the rate of 50% for total hydrolysis. These characteristics were compared with the carboxyl proteinases isolated from Scytalidium lignicolum and Lentinus edodes, which were reported to be SPI-and DAN-insensitive carboxyl proteinases.

View full abstract

We studied the reactivity of 2-ethylsulfonyl-7-methyl-5H-1, 3, 4-thiadiazolo[3, 2-a]pyrimidin-5-one (TPSO₂-2) with some amino acids, SH, OH, and histidine enzymes. TPSO₂-2 reacted with lcysteine in high yield (80-90%), but with glycine and L-serine in low yield (below 10%). To clarify the relative reactivity of TPSO₂-2, its reaction with L-cysteine in the presence of ethanol and diethylamine was examined. TPSO₂-2 reacted only with the SH group of L-cysteine, not with ethanol nor diethylamine. To elucidate the reactivity of TPSO₂-2 toward enzymes, the inhibitory effects of TPSO₂-2 on some enzymes containing cysteine, serine, or histidine in the active center were investigated. TPSO₂-2 showed high inhibitory effects on SH enzymes, such as yeast alcohol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, and hexokinase, but no effect on trypsin, which has serine, or catalase, with histidine in the active center. TPSO₂-2 appeared to be a specific inhibitor of SH enzymes.

View full abstract

The chemical structure of cell wall β-D-glucans as well as the activities of lytic enzymes such as β-1, 3-D-glucanase and β-1, 6-D-glucanase changed during the growth of Neurospora crassa.
A dramatic change in the cell wall β-D-glucan structure was observed between cells of the middle logarithmic phase and ones of the late logarithmic phase. The ratio of 1, 3-linked glucose residues to non reducing terminal glucose residues decreased from 85 to 55 and the ratio of gentiobiose as a hydrolysis product with exo-β, 3-D-glucanase increased significantly between the two phases.
Two prominent peaks of β-1, 3-D-glucanase as well as the β-1, 6-D-glucanase activities appeared in the culture filtrate at different growth stages, the early logarithmic phase and the stationary phase. In the cell wall, β-D-glucosidase activity instead of the β-1, 6-D-glucanase and β-1, 3-dglucanase activities was observed in the late logarithmic phase.

View full abstract

D-(6R)- and (6S)-(6-²H₁)-Galactose were regio- and stereospecifically synthesized through photobromination of 1, 6-anhydrogalactose derivatives. The (6S)-compound was prepared in a similar manner to our previous synthesis of D-(6S)-(6-²H₁)-glucose. The inversion to the (6R)-galacto derivatives was performed via (6S)-(6-²H₁)-6-ρ-toluenesulfonyl-l, 2;3, 4-di-O-isopropyridene-α-D-galactose.

View full abstract

An exopolygalacturonate lyase (exo-PGL) was rapidly purified from the cells of E. carotovora subsp. carotovora with a modified cross-linked pectate (mdCLPA); the material CLPA waspartially degraded by an endopolygalacturonase to increase its adsorption capacity, followed by reduction with sodium borohydride. The Erwinia strain used here produced no pectolytic enzyme other than the exo-PGL under the present culture conditions. Since the mdCLPA was scarcely affected by the exo-PGL, the adsorbent can be repeatedly used for this enzyme purification with no risk of decomposition. The yield of the purified enzyme, which gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was about 43%. The apparent molecular weight was about 76, 000.

View full abstract