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Kazuo SAKKA, Shinji FURUSE, Kyo SHIMADA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
905-910
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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Eleven distinct fragments of
Clostridium sp. stain Fl (which was isolated and identified in this laboratory) DNA have been cloned in
E. coli and shown to express enzymatic activities related to cellulose hydrolysis. Six of the 11
E. coli clones showed endoglucanase activity, 2 showed cellobiohydrolase activity as well as endoglycanase activity, one showed β-glucosidase activity and the 2 others showed exoglucanase activity as well as xylanase activity. On comparing the restriction maps of the plasmids constructed in this study with those of
C. thermocellum genes, it was concluded that 7 of the 11 clones carried hitherto unidentified cellulase genes,
i.e., 4 endoglucanase genes, 1β-glucosidase gene and 2 xylanase/exoglucanase genes, and that the 4 other clones carried the same genes as those found in
C. thermocellum.
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Hajimu MORIOKA, Kiyoshi MIWA, Hirozumi ETO, Chikahiko EGUCHI, Shigeru ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
911-915
Published: 1989
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Proline auxotrophs, which were induced from an i -prolific-producing strain of
Brevibacterium flavum by indirect suppression mutation, accumulated L-glutamic-γ-semialdehyde (GSA) in the fermentative broth. The addition of sulfite salts to the culture medium, when bacteria were exponentially growing, improved the accumulation of GSA from 2.3 to a maximum of 13.2 mg/ml. The direct use of GSA in the fermentative broth for the chemical synthesis of L-tryptophan was studied. The yield of L-tryptophan was 48% on the basis of GSA in the reaction mixture.
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Takeshi FUJII, Akihiko KUDOU, Hiroyuki SETO
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
917-922
Published: 1989
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Cultures of synchronized
Streptococcus pneumoniae cells were prepared by amino acid starvation followed by refeeding, and the cellular reactivity towards the competence-activator for genetic transformation,
i.e., competence induction on the addition of the activator, was investigated. Cyclical fluctuation in the level of competence was observed during the cell cycle. Especially, cells at division showed reduced cellular ability to develop competence. It was also observed that deprivation of nutritionally required amino acids had quite different effects on the induction of competence, depending upon the amino acid removed: glutamine or serine starvation caused a significant reduction in the level of competence induced by the activator, whereas deprivation of other amino acids (histidine, leucine, isoleucine, valine, arginine and cysteine) did not.
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Shinsaku HAYASHIDA, Kazutaka KURODA, Kazuyoshi OHTA, Satoru KUHARA, Ko ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
923-929
Published: 1989
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The raw-starch-digesting glucoamylase I (GAI) of
Aspergillus awamori var.
kawachi contains a glycopeptide I (Gp-I) region as the raw-starch-affinity site essential for its raw-starch-adsorption and raw-starch-digestion. Molecular cloning of the GAI gene and analysis of its nucleotide sequence revealed some nucleotide replacements, in comparison with the
Aspergillus niger and
Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase genes. The deduced total ami no acid sequence of GAI contained 35 replacements and one deletion, of a mi no acid residues, and therefore a total of 615 residues, in comparison with the
A. niger and
A. awamori glucoamylases. The raw-starch-adsorbable Gp-I region in GAI was located between Ala
470 and Val
514 near the C-terminal, consisting of ATGG-TTTTATTTGSGGVTSTSKTTTTASKTSTTTSSTSCTTPTAV.
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Kazuhiko KUROSAWA, Misao HOSOGUCHI, Jimmy HARIANTONO, Hiroshi SASAKI, ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
931-937
Published: 1989
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Corticium rolfsii AHU 9627, which we isolated from a tomato stem, is not only one of the strongest producers of a raw starch saccharifying amylase but also a powerful producer of cellulase. The effects of the cultural conditions and medium components on cellulase production were investigated. The enzyme production was enhanced remarkably by increases in both the concentrations of carbon sources and organic nutrients in the medium. Under the optimum cultural conditions, the enzyme activity of the culture supernatant reached a maximum after 12 days incubation at 27°C, and the activities of filter paper cellulase, avicelase, β-glucosidase and CMCase reached 15.6, 7.2, 9.1 and 460IU/ml, respectively. These productivities were substantially higher than those in the case of
Trichoderma reesei QM 9414. In addition, the crude enzyme also contained amylase: 17.3IU/ml as raw starch saccharifying amylase. One of the important features of
Corticium cellulase is that it shows maximum activity at low pH, so contamination can be avoided during saccharification. It showed maximum activity in the pH range of 3.5 to 4.5 and was thermostable up to 55-70°C. Analysis of saccharification digests indicated that glucose was the predominant product, with a negligible amount of cellobiose. Moreover, after 24 hr incubation, 20% raw cassava block was completely dissolved by
Corticium enzymes.
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Yoshihiro NOMURA, Koji TAKAHASHI, Kunio SHIRAI, Keizo WADA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
939-948
Published: 1989
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Pigskin insoluble collagen was step-wise extracted with 0.5 M and 4M guanidine hydrochloride (GuHCl) solution. Two proteoglycan preparations were obtained by DEAE-Toyopearl chromatography of the extracts, PG-I from 0.5 M GuHCl extract and PG-II from 4M GuHCl extract. The proteoglycan preparations both contained at least two components having different mobilities on SDS-PAGE (
Mr, about 60 × 10
3 and 90 × 10
3), and were identified as proteodermatan sulfate (PDS) by two-dimensional electrophoresis on a cellulose acetate membrane. The two proteodermatan sulfates (PG-I and PG-II) accelerated the rate of the reconstruction of collagen matrix from neutral collagen solution, while the accelerating effect of PG-I was greater than that of PG-II. Electron microscopic observation showed that collagen matrices reconstructed with the PDSs consisted of thick fibrils with the banding pattern of native type and thin fibrils with an indistinct banding pattern. Collagen matrix reconstructed with addition of PDSs showed lower denaturation temperature than the control, as assessed by differential scanning calorimetry. These results suggest that collagen tissue-bound PDSs have a regulative function in the reconstruction of collagen matrix and its thermal stability.
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Toshiharu GOMYO, Liu HAIYAN, Masayo MIURA, Fumitaka HAYASE, Hiromichi ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
949-957
Published: 1989
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The production of blue pigments in the early stage of a Maillard reaction between D-xylose and glycine was kinetically analyzed to be associated with the mechanism for polymerization. An ionpairing and reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for quantitatively tracing the blue pigment formation. The experiment with varied composition revealed that the reaction obeyed the following relationship:
v = k [D-xylose]
2 • [glycine]
2This equation could also be derived according to the stationary state theory. Based on Arrhenius plots, the activation energy was found to be 17.5 kcal/mol. The application of the transition state theory provided - 17.4cal/deg/mol for the activation entropy. A reaction scheme for the production of blue pigments is proposed on the basis of this kinetic analysis.
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Masashi MIZUNO, Masaya TODA, Naoto UENO, Gen-ichi DANNO, Kazuki KANAZA ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
959-964
Published: 1989
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2, 6-Di-
tert-butyl-8-hydroxy-dibenzofuran-1, 4-quinone (BHDQ) is one of the oxidative derivatives of butylated hydroxyanisole. The suppressive effect of BHDQ on the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 was investigated using
Salmonella typhimurium TA 98. BHDQ (0.8 nmol) suppressed the mutagenicity of Trp-P-2 (0.2 nmol) by 30% in the presence of the S9 mix. The suppressive activity of BHDQ toward the mutagenicity of the activated metabolite of Trp-P-2, N-OH-Trp-P-2, in the absence of the S9 mix was 80%. The bio-antimutagenicity of BHDQ was also measured, but it was found to be negligible as compared to its desmutagenicity. The reaction of BHDQ with N-OH-Trp-P-2 re-produced Trp-P-2. It was considered that BHDQ should re-convert N-OH-Trp-P-2 to the original Trp-P-2, and therefore BHDQ should be a desmutagen.
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Makoto FUJII, Kohji ODAWARA, Takao FUKUNAGA, Katsuya KOGA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
965-970
Published: 1989
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Most of the lipase in the liver of domestic fowl was acid lipase, found in the 11, 700 ×
g pellet of the liver. About two-thirds of the enzyme in the pellet was solubilized in hypotonic solution. The solubilized lipase was stable in 40% ethylene glycol at -70°C for 40 days, but was labile during chromatographies even with 20% ethylene glycol at 4°C. The molecular weight of the lipase was about 34, 000 by Sephacryl S-300gel filtration, and the pi was about 5.4 by isoelectric focusing. The enzyme had its maximum activity at pH 6.0, and 40°C, and was stable below 40°C. Bovine and chicken serum albumins activated the enzyme. Ca
2+, Mg
2+, Mn
2+, and Zn
2+ increased the lipase activity, but EDTA decreased the activity. CHAPS and octyl glucoside increased the lipase activity at low concentrations, but other detergents greatly inhibited the lipase activity. Serum of laying hens greatly decreased the lipase activity.
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Bum-Shik HONG, Paul A. SEIB, H.-C. YANG, George L. MARCHIN
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
971-977
Published: 1989
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An enzyme, L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, was purified from the livers of male albino rats and used to prepare a polyclonal rabbit'antiserum. Reaction of the enzyme in cell-free extracts with the antiserum gave a single precipitin line when tested by the double diffusion method on agarose plates. Using the purified enzyme, the antiserum could detect nanogram quantities of the enzyme in dotblotting procedures. This antiserum was used to screen a rat liver cDNA library in the vector λgtll. Positively reacting clones could easily be identified. One clone contained a cDNA insert of 800 bp and produced a β-galactosidase fusion protein with a MW 30, 000 greater than the native molecule.
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Yoshimi KANZAWA, Atuo KOREEDA, Akira HARADA, Tokuya HARADA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
979-986
Published: 1989
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Water-insoluble polysaccharides such as curdlan, agar, carrageenan κ and ι, and konjac glucomannan form gels when solutions obtained by heating them are cooled. Curdlan alone and konjac glucomannan with calcium hydroxide still remain as gels at a higher temperature. These polymers were found to form gels by neutralization of their alkaline solutions in the stationary state. Soluble and slimy polysaccharides in water such as carrageenan λ, screloglucan, succinoglycan, xanthan gum, pullulan and dextran are unable to form gels. Electron micrography showed that the gels were composed of long microtibrils of 50Å to 250Å width with interconnections, although the microtibrils of carrageenan ι were shorter, whereas the viscous solutions were composed of short microfibrils of about 10Å to 20Å width. The structures of the gels formed by heating were similar to those formed by neutralization, except in the case of curdlan gel. Dialyzed carrageenan κ and its H-, K- and Na-forms had low or undetectable gel strength and were seen by electron micrography to be composed of short microfibrils. However, the presence of potassium ions in aqueous suspensions of the Na-form enhanced the gel strength and produced longer microfibrils. These results indicate that longer and or wider microfibrils are required for the formation of a gel.
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Terumichi AOKI, Yasuhiko NAKAJIMA, Kinji UCHIDA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
987-993
Published: 1989
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The serological grouping of yeasts in soy sauce mashes was attempted. Twenty-one representative strains of salt-tolerant yeasts isolated from soy sauce mashes were divided into 5 groups as to the differences in the agglutination patterns with 4 factor sera, 4, 10, 20 and 35. Furthermore, 2 other groups of yeasts were detected in soy sauce mashes. Some yeasts responsible for the characteristic flavor were included in the individual groups. Changes in the yeast-flora during the fermentation of soy sauce mashes could be monitored easily by means of the serological grouping system. Among
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii strains isolated from soy sauce mashes, no differences in thermostable antigens or PMR spectra of cell wall polysaccharides were found. Over 95% of the moromi-mash yeasts that showed a positive reaction with factor serum 35 exhibited 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol (4EG) productivity.
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Kazuhiro CHIBA, Masahiro TADA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
995-1001
Published: 1989
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The headgroup motional properties of emulsified egg phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) were investigated by
13C- and
31P-NMR. PC, LPC and their equimolar mixture were emulsified in water and
n-decane under varied pH conditions. The line width of phosphorus and
T*2 relaxation time of the choline and glycerol carbons depended on the aqueous phase conditions, and were correlated with the emulsion stability. In stable emulsions, the choline and phosphate residue of PC or LPC had motional freedom; however, the glycerol residue was moderately restricted. It is presumed that the motion of part of the headgroup played an important role in the formation of a stable emulsion. Thus, the control of headgroup motion is regarded as one way to obtain stable emulsions.
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Katsumi SHIBATA, Hiroko MATSUO
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1003-1007
Published: 1989
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A 10%, 20% or 40% soy protein isolate (SPI) diet containing sufficient niacin was fed to rats for 9 days and urine was collected for the last 2 days. The ratio of
N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide (2-py) plus
N1-methyM-pyridone-S-carboxamide (4-py) to
N1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) excretion increased with increasing in the dietary SPI level; this ratio in the groups with the 10%, 20% and 40% SPI diets was 0.56±0.08, 1.04±0.34 and 10.33±1.60, respectively. The great increase in the ratio of 2-py plus 4-py to MNA excretion on changing the 20% SPI diet to the 40% SPI diet was attributed to the great decrease in MNA excretion in the group with the 40% SPI diet compared with the group with the 20% SPI diet. From these results and our previous results [
Agric. Biol. Chern., 52, 1765 (1988)], it is suggested that the 2-py + 4-py/MNA excretion ratio can be used for assessment of the protein nutrition.
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Hiroshi YAMAGATA, Shuji UENO, Teruo IWASAKI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1009-1017
Published: 1989
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A serine proteinase was purified to an electrophoretically homogeneous state from developing fruits of Prince melon (
Cucumis melo L. var. Prince).
Its molecular mass was 67 kD by sodium dodecyl suit ate-poh aery lamide gel electrophoresis, which was apparently different from that of cucumisin (50 kD), a serine proteinase previously isolated from Prince melon.
When the purified 67-kD enzyme was incubated at 50°C and pH 7.2, it was split into a 54-kD proteinase and a 14-kD polypeptide by limited autolysis without any loss of the caseinolytic activity. Commercial cucumisin preparation was found to contain the 67- and 54-kD proteinases. The content of each amino acid residue in the 67-kD enzyme was higher than that in the 54-kD proteinase or cucumisin. Thus, it was concluded that the purified 67-kD enzyme is a native form of cucumisin, and that cucumisin is a product derived by the limited autolysis of the 67-kD proteinase.
The 67-kD proteinase was more stable than the 54-kD one at acidic pHs.
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Hiroo UCHIYAMA, Toshiaki NAKAJIMA, Osami YAGI, Takeshi TABUCHI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1019-1024
Published: 1989
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A number of soil and activated sludge samples were screened as to their ability to degrade trichloroethylene (TCE). A mixed culture involving a soil sample was selected as the most active one. After several subcultures, this mixed culture was found to contain a type II methanotroph, which appeared to be responsible for the TCE degradation. The mixed culture required methane and oxygen for TCE degradation, but methanol, ethanol, ethane, formic acid, acetic acid or glucose could not be substituted for methane. TCE at the high concentration of lOppm was degraded to a level corresponding to 40% of the initial concentration in 10 days. The mixed culture was also able to degrade three other chlorinated alkenes,
cis- and
trans-1, 2-dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride, and four chlorinated alkanes, 1, 1, 2, 2-tetrachloroethane, 1, 1, 2-trichloroethane, 1, 2-dichloroethane and chloroform, but not tetrachloroethylene, 1, 1, 1-trichloroethane or carbon tetrachloride.
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Yuji OGAWA, Masayuki KITAGAWA, Yushun FUJISHIMA, Makoto Kiso, Akira HA ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1025-1036
Published: 1989
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A variety of immunomodulators were synthesized by combining biologically active derivatives of 1-thio-muramoyl dipeptide with 4-
O-phosphono-D-glucosamine derivatives related to bacterial lipid A, and using the (succinoylamino)undecanoyl group as a spacer. Their immunoadjuvant activities in guinea-pigs were examined.
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Norihiro AZUMA, Masayuki AIZAWA, Kunio YAMAUCHI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1037-1041
Published: 1989
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The calcium-binding ability and calcium-dependent precipitability of human β-casein were studied and compared regarding components with different phosphorus contents. The calcium-binding ability and phosphorus content showed a linear correlation except for the component carrying no phosphate (0-P component). Calcium-dependent precipitability was also related to the phosphorus content, the components with more than 3 phosphates coagulating rapidly in the presence of 20 mM calcium, while the other components were quite stable even in this solution. However, solutions of the 0-P and 1-P components were turbid in the absence of calcium, because of strong hydrophobic interactions. When the 1-P and 5-P components were mixed in the presence of calcium, the 5-P component was protected from calcium-dependent precipitation. The 2-P component also showed a little stabilizing activity, but the 0-P component did not. These results suggest that the formation of human casein micelles may be quite complicated.
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Norihiro AZUMA, Eri HESAKA, Shuichi KAMINOGAWA, Kunio YAMAUCHI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1043-1050
Published: 1989
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A survey was conducted of the cell-growth-promoting factors in human milk using anti-human EGF antiserum and by a DNA synthesis assay in BALB/c mouse 3T3 embryo fibrpblast cells. Three fractions having affinity toward anti-human EGF antibody were found by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300. The fraction eluted at the void volume and the one with a molecular weight of about 70, 000 both showed weak DNA synthesis stimulatory activity. On the other hand, the one with a molecular weight of about 6, 000 highly stimulated DNA synthesis. This fraction was thought to contain EGF, whose molecular weight is about 6, 000. Rechromatography by gel permeation again separated both the two high molecular weight peaks into 3 peaks and produced similar chromatograms. The results suggest that these 3 fractions may have been in an apparent equilibrium state. Considering that the EGF-fraction of molecular weight 6, 000 did not show self-association, it is presumed that an EGF binding protein exists in human milk and forms higher molecular weight EGF complexes.
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Mikiharu Doi, Masayori NINOMIYA, Muneaki MATSUI, Yoshihiro SHUTO, Yosh ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1051-1055
Published: 1989
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Eleven strains of
Aspergillus species, isolated from dried bonito (Katsuobushi), were grown in a liquid medium containing the individual phenolic compounds, in order to determine the fate of phenols during the molding process in Katsuobushi production.
Of the 10 phenols studied, guaiacol, creosol and 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol were
O-methylated by 5 strains of
Aspergillus species, and the others were degraded by some strains studied.
Similar changes in the phenols were presumed to occur also during the molding process in Katsuobushi production.
It was concluded that the pungent smoky flavor became milder mainly through biological degradation or
O-methylation of phenols during the molding process.
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Hideharu ISHIDA, Koji KIGAWA, Yasuyuki IMAI, Makoto Kiso, Akira HASEGA ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1057-1063
Published: 1989
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N-Acetyl-6-
O-phosphono-muramoyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine methyl ester and a variety of its 1-α-
O-acyl derivatives were synthesized from benzyl 2-acetaimdo-2-deoxy-3-
O-[D-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-β-D-glucopyranoside. Their immunoadjuvant activity in guinea-pigs was examined.
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Eiji NIWA, En-sheng CHEN, Satoshi KANOH, Teruo NAKAYAMA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1065-1069
Published: 1989
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Various physical parameters of a hydrogel model were determined, in order to investigate the influence of the fluidity of water within food hydrogels on their elasticity. As the hydrogel model, a perforated tennis ball filled with various concentrations of polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG) was used. Upon raising the PEG concentration, the elastic modulus and viscosity of the model obtained by forcedeformation measurements were increased. The instantaneous elastic modulus and viscosity obtained by stress-relaxation and the creep measurements were increased. From these results, the viscoelasticity of the food hydrogels is presumed to have been influence by the fluidity of water within the gels.
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Seisaku YOSHIDA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1071-1075
Published: 1989
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The distribution of the molecular weight and chemical form of intrinsic iron in a soybean aqueous supernatant and in its
in vitro peptic digest was determined. 50% of the total iron in soybean was extracted into the aqueous supernatant. All of the iron in the aqueous supernatant was bound to some ligands, and nearly all was localized in the protein fraction. More than 50% of the iron in the protein fraction was localized in the >100, 000 molecular weight fraction. The effects of SDS, 2-mercaptoethanol and/or EDTA on the binding status of the intrinsic iron were studied. Almost all the iron compounds in large molecules was converted to lower-molecular-weight (10, 000 to 20, 000) fractions after treating with SDS, with no change in the binding capacity. No change in the distribution of the molecular weight of iron in the protein fraction was observed after treating with 2-mercaptoethanol. The soy component was found to strongly bind iron. No released iron was observed by chromatography in the presence of SDS or 2-mercaptoethanol, and only about 15% of the total iron in the protein fraction was taken away by EDTA in the absence or presence of SDS or 2-mercaptoethanol.
In vitro peptic digestion caused half the total iron in the >100, 000 molecular weight fraction to be moved to the fraction with a molecular weight of 10, 000 to 20, 000, the remaining half continuing to be bound to the macromolecules.
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Susumu MARUYAMA, Shinsuke MIYOSHI, Toshiyuki KANEKO, Hideoki TANAKA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1077-1081
Published: 1989
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Peptides that exist in the tandem repeated region formed by six units of Pro-Pro-Pro-Val-His-Leu in a maize endosperm protein γ-zein were chemically synthesized, and the angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory activities of these peptides were investigated. Synthetic Val-His-Leu-Pro-Pro-Pro inhibited the enzyme (IC
50=200 μM). Other synthetic fragment peptides, Val-His-Leu-Pro-Pro (IC
50=18μM) and Leu-Pro-Pro (IC
50=9.6μM) inhibited the enzyme more potently. Then the native hexapeptide Val-His-Leu-Pro-Pro-Pro was purified from a thermolysin hydrolysate of γ-zein.
The antihypertensive activities of synthetic Val-His-Leu-Pro-Pro and Leu-Pro-Pro were also investigated. These peptides, when intravenously administered to anesthetized rats at 125mg/kg (Leu-Pro-Pro) or 160 mg/kg (Val-His-Leu-Pro-Pro), antagonized the rats' pressor response to angiotensin I.
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Kazuhito TANIMOTO, Tohoru KATSURAGI, Haruki YAMAGUCHI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1083-1088
Published: 1989
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The culture conditions favoring the production and the subsequent purification of
Aspergillus oryzae 1, 2-α-mannosidase were investigated. Baker's yeast mannan as the carbon source in liquid culture was found to induce 1, 2-α-mannosidase production but to depress protein and other glycosidase productions. Better enzyme production was achieved by developing a suitable cultivation medium containing baker's yeast mannan and a nitrogen source in proper concentrations. From the culture product thus obtained, 1, 2-α-mannosidase could be readily purified by the affinity chromatographic method previously developed [Tanimoto
et al.,
J. Biochem., 99, 601 (1986)], without any other chromatographic step.
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Masatomo KOBAYASHI, Akira SAKURAI, Hitoshi SAKA, Nobutaka TAKAHASHI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1089-1094
Published: 1989
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Endogenous auxins in the shoots and ears of rice were investigated. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) was identified by GC-MS, the endogenous level of IAA being much higher than that of ICA. To analyze the fluctuation of endogenous IAA level throughout the life cycle of rice, a rapid and effective procedure, using HPLC and a fluorescence detector, was developed. The level of IAA in shoots was 10-26ng/g fr. wt., while that in ears was 10 to 100 times higher. The level of IAA conjugate in ears was also much higher than that in shoots. These results show that the biosynthesis of IAA occurs at an early stage of seed development, and it is also suggested that IAA may play a role in regulating the reproductive growth of rice.
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Hajime YOSHIDA, Sachiko SHITARA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1095-1101
Published: 1989
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Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) reacting with human G-CSF and/or its muteins were established by cell fusion between P3.X63/Ag8.U1 myeloma cells and spleen cells from BALB/C mice immunized with recombinant human intact G-CSF or its mutein, designated ND28. Two MoAbs reacted with intact G-CSF and all kinds of muteins tested, designated KM341 and KM342, and two MoAbs specific for intact G-CSF, designated KM340 and KM343, were obtained from the mice immunized with recombinant human intact G-CSF.
The sera from the mice immunized with a mutein of G-CSF, ND28, reacted with intact G-CSF and all muteins tested. Two MoAbs specific for ND28, designated KM498 and KM511, were obtained from these mice. These MoAbs seem to recognize the sequence of a few amino acids that is peculiar for ND28. However, the epitopes recognized by KM498 and KM511 were maybe subtly different, because KM498 and KM511 could not completely inhibit each other.
Human G-CSF and/or its muteins could be measured by sandwich ELISA using these MoAbs with suitable combinations. The immuno-affinity column using KM342 or KM498 adsorbed G-CSFs or specifically ND28, previously. By elution with 0.15 M NH
4OH, the G-CSFs or ND28 were eluted with a high recovery.
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Takamitsu YORIFUJI, Kazuyuki HIRABAYASHI, Tadashi NAGASHIMA, Naofumi I ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1103-1110
Published: 1989
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Of 14 coryneform and 2
Micrococcus strains tested,
Arthrobacter globiformis IFO 12137,
A. simplex IFO 12069, and
Brevibacterium helvolum IFO 12073 utilized L-arginine as a sole carbon and nitrogen source, and synthesized the enzymes specific for the arginine oxygenase pathway when grown on L-arginine. The first step reaction was stimulated by FAD and aeration, and the enzyme responsible was shown to be arginine 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.13.12.1). High activities of five enzymes, including guanidinobutyramidase and ganidinobutyrase (EC 3.5.3.7), were detected in the extract of L-argininegrown
A. simplex cells. The enzymes in the last two steps, 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.19) and succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.16), of
B. helvolum were also induced by putrescine. These results indicate that some bacteria belonging to the coryneform group employ the arginine oxygenase pathway as a major route for L-arginine metabolism, L-arginine being degraded to succinate
via 4-guanidinobutyramide and 4-guanidinobutyrate. The last part of the pathway may be common to the pathway for putrescine degradation.
View full abstract
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Shigeya KAKIMOTO, Kenjiro OKAZAKI, Takeshi SAKANE, Ko IMAI, Yasuhiro S ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1111-1117
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
JOURNAL
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About 16, 000 isolates from animal feces and intestines were assayed for the production of acid urease, and the 700 strains selected as producers were examined as to their taxonomic properties. Of these 700 strains, 370 belonged to the genus
Streptococcus, 312 to the genus
Lactobacillus, 9 to the genus
Escherichia, 6 to the genus
Staphylococcus, 2 to the genus
Morganella and 1 to the genus
Bifidobacterium. The majority of the streptococci were identified as
Streptococcus mitior, the remainder being
Streptococcus salivarius,
Streptococcus faecalis,
Streptococcus faecium,
Streptococcus avium and
Streptococcus gallinarum. The majority of the lactobacilli were considered to be
Lactobacillus reuteri or
Lactobacillus fermentum and
Lactobacillus animalis or
Lactobacillus salivarius, the remainder being
Lactobacillus ruminis,
Lactobacillus viridescens,
Lactobacillus vaccinostercus and strains considered to be
Lactobacillus acidophilus,
Lactobacillus amylovorus,
Lactobacillus crispatus or
Lactobacillus gasseri.
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Shigeya KAKIMOTO, Yasuhiro SUMINO, Shun-ichi AKIYAMA, Yoshio NAKAO
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1119-1125
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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Acid urease was purified from
Lactobacillus reuteri and characterized. The enzyme preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous and the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 220, 000. The enzyme consisted of three kinds of polypeptides, designated as α, β and γ, with molecular weights of 68, 000, 16, 100 and 8, 800, respectively, in a (α
1β
2γ
1)
2 structure. The isoelectric point of the enzyme was 4.7. The nickel content was found to be 1.8 atoms of nickel per α
1β
2γ
1 unit- The amino acid profile was different from those of known bacterial neutral ureases. The enzyme was most active at pH 2 and at around 65°C. It was stable between pH 3 and 8, and below 50°C. The
Km for urea was 2.8 HIM at pH 2. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Ag
+, Hg
2+, Cu
2+,
p-chloromercuribenzoate and acetohydroxamate. The acid urease eliminated urea in alcoholic beverages that are acidic in general.
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Satoru KAWAI, Goro KAWABATA, Akio KOBAYASHI, Kazuyoshi KAWAZU
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1127-1133
Published: 1989
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Oxazolomycin was isolated and identified from
Streptomyces sp. KBFP-2025 as an inhibitor against crown gall formation by using a potato tuber disk assay system. This compound inhibited the early step of crown gall formation, owing to antibacterial activity selectively against
Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
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Yong-Lark CHOI, Shido KAWASE, Makoto KAWAMUKAI, Ryutaro UTSUMI, Hirosh ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1135-1143
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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The
glpD gene, which codes for glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, was cloned from the genomic library of
Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of the
glpD gene contained a single open reading frame of 503 amino acid residues. Two new open reading frames, ORFX1 and ORFX2, were located downstream from the
glpD gene. The two open reading frames were separated from the
glpD gene by repetitive extragenic palindromic units. The putative ORFX1 protein was composed of 97 amino acid residues. The ORFX2 encoded a truncated protein. Computer-assisted analysis of the nucleotide sequence showed that homology in amino acid sequences between ORFX2 protein and rabbit
glgP, human
glgP, potato
glgP, and
E. coli malP was 50.6, 51.3, 40.5, and 46.8%, respectively. The operon of glycogen synthesis was closely linked to the
glpD gene on the
E. coli chromosome. These results suggested that ORFX2 was a truncated protein of the glycogen phosphorylase gene.
The deduced primary structure of the
glpD protein contains a putative flavin binding site at the N-terminus. Expression of the subcloned
glpD gene was positively regulated by the cAMP-CRP complex. The enzyme activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase increased after introduction of a multicopy of the
glpD gene.
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Kousaku MURATA, Akira KIMURA, Norio YAJIMA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1145-1149
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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Glutathione synthetase isolated from a mold,
Aspergillus niger, had a molecular weight of 110, 000 and consisted of two apparently identical subunits, each with a molecular weight of 55, 000. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.5. It specifically utilized glycine and ATP, and required Mg
2+ or Mn
2+ for its catalytic function. A comparison of glutathione synthetases from various sources indicated that the enzyme of eukaryotes (mammals, molds and yeasts) differ from those of prokaryotes (
Escherichia coli B and
Proteus mirabilis) in molecular structure, although the enzymes from both types of organisms contain an active site thiol and catalyze the same reaction.
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Yukio OIKAWA, Kenichi YOSHIZAWA, Tadayoshi TANIYAMA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1151-1152
Published: 1989
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S. GIRI, P. SHARAN, NIZAMUDDIN
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1153-1155
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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-
Shigeru SAKAJO, Nobuko MINAGAWA, Tadazumi KOMIYAMA, Akio YOSHIMOTO
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1157-1158
Published: 1989
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-
Nobuo KITAMURA, Akihiro OKITANI, Yoshiharu MARUYAMA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1159-1160
Published: 1989
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-
Katsumi SHIBATA, Hiroko MATSUO
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1161-1162
Published: 1989
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-
Shuzo FUJITA, Li DONGHUI, Yoshimi SUGIMOTO, Naoyoshi INOUCHI, Hidetsug ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1163-1165
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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-
Cheon Seok PARK, Kwan Hwa PARK, Seung Ho KIM
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1167-1169
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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-
Kazuhiko KONDO, Masaru OGURA, Yuichiro MIDORDCAWA, Mitsugi KOZAWA, Hir ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1171-1173
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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-
Gunki FUNATSU, Keiichi WATANABE, Toshihiko UTSUMI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1173-1174
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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-
Hiroyuki HASHIMOTO, Haruo MISONO, Shinji NAGATA, Susumu NAGASAKI
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1175-1176
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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Michio TAKEUCHI, Yutaka TAKAGI, Ryotaro EBISUI, Tateki TOYAMA, Eiji IC ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1177-1178
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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Kaoru TAKEGAWA, Satoshi MIKI, Fuminobu OSAKA, Takayuki JIKIBARA, Shoji ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1179-1180
Published: 1989
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Muneharu ESAKA, Miyuki UCHIDA, Kanichi SUZUKI, Kiyoshi KUBOTA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1181-1182
Published: 1989
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Akira YAMAMOTO, Takehiko FUKUMOTO
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1183-1184
Published: 1989
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Kazuo KANATANI, Hirosumi MIURA, Masaru SAKAMOTO, Masao OSHIMURA
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1185-1187
Published: 1989
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Kohya HISHINUMA, Akira HOSONO, Shinroh MASHIKO, Humio INABA, Shuichi K ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1189-1191
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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Glucose is widely known to be required during superoxide (O
2-) generation in phagocytic cells. However, when an O
2--specific chemiluminescence probe with the
Cypridina luciferin analog 2-methyl-6-(
p-methoxyphenyl)-3, 7-dihydroimidazo[1, 2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) was used, about 60% of the chemiluminescence remained in stimulated macrophages in the presence of the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. O
2--nonspecific luminoi-dependent chemiluminescence disappeared when the same drug was added. These results clearly demonstrate that the generation of O
2-by macrophages is not completely glucose-dependent, and strongly suggest that macrophages have both glucose-independent NADPH-supplying pathway(s) and glucose dependent pathway(s) which generate reactive oxygen species other than O
2-.
View full abstract
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Walter Scares LEAL, Yasumasa KUWAHARA, Yumiko NAKANO, Hiroshi NAKAO, T ...
1989 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages
1193-1196
Published: 1989
Released on J-STAGE: April 05, 2006
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A novel monoterpene, 2(
E)-(4-methyl-3-pentenyI)-butenedial (α-acaridial (1) for the trivial name), was isolated from the secretion of the acarid mite
Tyrophagus perniciosm. The structure was clarified in the light of spectral data, and the geometry of the double bond in the butenedial moiety was assigned based on the γ-deshielding effect on a methylene and on an aldehyde group. Coupling the Grignard reagent (CH
3)
2C=CHCH
2CH
2MgBr to THP-OCH
2(C=O)CH
2CH
2O-THP, and dehydration and deprotection of the OH groups gave α-(
E)- and α-(
Z)-acaridiol, which were fully assigned by MS and NMR. Matching the spectral data of the synthetic alcohols with those of the alcohol derived from the natural product, or of natural acaridial with those of synthetic α-(
E)- and α-(
Z)-acaridial, corroborated beyond all doubt the structure of this new monoterpene dial.
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