The objectives of this study were to critically examine previous research on individual tactics in sports, clarify the structure of individual tactical ability, and offer recommendations on methods of cultivating individual tactical capacity. The findings reached in this study can be summarized in the following three points:

 (1) A comprehensive overview of previous research on individual tactics in sports clarified that the use of scientific methods can be problematic in the examination of individual tactics. This is because it is difficult to understand actions taken as a result of the intermingling of complex factors as a totality or to understand the meaning or intentions behind the actions. As a result, when contributions to improvements in athlete performance in practical settings are brought into the frame, numerous irresolvable problems remain.

 (2) As a result of reconsidering practical insight into individual tactics in sports from the perspective of the acting subject, a number of issues were elucidated. First, practical insight in sports is synonymous with the embodied knowledge possessed by the athlete. Practical insight into individual tactics is a capacity that unifies embodied knowledge of“ feeling”, which is the somatization of tactical mental capacity, and the embodied knowledge that is“ know how”, i.e. the somatization of technical capacity. The embodied knowledge of“ feeling” and embodied knowledge of“ know how” form a Gestaltkreis-like relationship.

 (3) The cultivation of individual tactical capacity in sports requires two things: an orientation toward the movements themselves with an aim to acquiring and adjusting them, and an orientation toward“ dialogue” with the opponent and ability to perform movements pre-consciously. In the cultivation of technical capacity and tactical capacity, setting higher level individual goals and conditions for each should lead to technical achievement and allow athletes to handle tactical problems.

 Recently, tennis has become more aggressive, and the increase in speed is advancing. The symbol of this change is the strong forehand hit. The purpose of this study is to clarify the special characteristics of the techniques and tactics of the forehand used in recent years by the qustion naire investigation. Questionnaire object person was 314 university student tennis players (240 men, 74 women), and split by skill level into a high ranked group and a low ranked group. The characteristics of the high ranked group are follows:

 1. About playing styles, there were a significant number of typical aggressive players. In a cross table of play style and development, the combined aggressive type was significant in number.

 2. About movement of forehand, there were many players who used the heavy western grip.

 3. About tactics, there were many players who answered that they would get around to their forehand more than 60% of the time. When they went around, many players would hit either long cross court.

 4. About playerʼs strong and weak points, players were good at hitting high balls. And they proud hit cross court and inside-out when they went around.

 From these results, it is now clear that the forehand is being used more aggressively. One potential cause for this may be an improvement in racquet technology. We should think it necessary to conduct guidance on the forehand based on these results. However, it can be expected that these characteristics will continue to evolve, and another study will likely become necessary.

 In this study, the motion of a third grader child in an elementary school was taken up as a typical example of the inability to roll over the head, and analyzed from the standpoint of the generative theory of movement.

 As a result of instruction, the participating child came to be able to do backward rolls, and “the sensation of rotating backwards” and acquisition of “the motion which fixes the cervix” contributed greatly to the achievement of rolling over the head.

 The following thing became clear about “a motion which fixes the cervix.” It has a close relation with “efforts to support both hands and float the body-” and “efforts to extend the angle of the waist as a reaction, and float the body”, and is an important element for attaining the skills in over-the-head rolls.

 Der Zweck dieser Untersuchung besteht darin, dass die Technik vom „Sprung mit ½ Dre.

(180°) über die Schulter zum Nackenstand, ½ Dre.zum Bruststand“ (Silivas) am Schwebebalken vom Standpunkt der phänomenologisch-morphologischen Bewegungslehre aus ins klare gebracht werden soll. Dabei sollen wir die sportliche Technik unter dem „Verfahren“ im Sinne MEINELs, d.h. als das in der Praxis entstandenes und erprobtes Verfahren verstehen. In der vorligenden Untersuchung spielt solche Auffassung von der sportlichen Technik sehr wichtiger Rolle.

 Von dieser Untersuchung wurden die einige nützliche technische Informationen über dieses Element am Schwebebalken abgeleitet.

 Der Zweck dieser Betrachtung ist, die rationale Unterstützung mit Gerät zum Erlernen der Felge rückwärts in den Handstand am Barren zu erschaffen.

 Darum wurden die Veränderungen der Bewegungsbewußtsein der 3 Versuchspersonen (geübte Turnern von Felge am Barren) in der experimentalen Situation vom Standpunkt der kinästhesiologisch - morphologischen Bewegungsanalytik aus analysiert.

 Aufgaben der Versuchen waren folgend:

1. Felge rückwärts in den Handstand am normalen Barren.

2. Felge rückwärts in den Handstand am geneigten Barren (einer Höhe der Holme 192 cm, andere 165 cm).

 Aus dieser Betrachtung konnten wir einige Andeutungen für Techniktraining der Felgen am Barren gebietet.