Keiei Shigaku (Japan Business History Review)
Online ISSN : 1883-8995
Print ISSN : 0386-9113
ISSN-L : 0386-9113
Volume 16, Issue 2
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
  • Shoichi Asajima
    1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 1-33,i
    Published: July 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 06, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The historical side of the Sumitomo Zaibatsu has yet to be studied deeper. The writer has attempted to get the whole perspective of the Group, based on his 5 previous theses.
    The object of this study is to analyse the fund raising mechanism of the Group, in the 1921-1943 period. This is because the analysis of the flow of funds inside the Group is a short cut to grasping the structure of the Zaibatsu.
    In this study, the writer utilized documentary materials from the Honsha (the holding company of the Group named Sumitomo Goshikaisha) and annual reports from its member companies. Some notable results of the analysis follow;
    (1) Within the Sumitomo Zaibatsu the Honsha functioned as the financial control organ for the companies of the Group. Whenever the Honsha was short of funds, the necessary amounts were furnished to it by the Sumitomo Bank. There were no example of fund raising from outside the Group. Even when an enterprise directly managed by the Honsha became an independent affiliated company, the financial control by the Honsha over the company was strictly maintained.
    (2) In substance the fund raising of the Group depended largely on its own accumulated capital and comparatively on little on bank loans.
    Thus, the Sumitomo Bank had rather little business within the Group both in loans and in deposits. This is partly because the Group had not such giant enterprises as Mitsui & Co., Ltd. or Mitsui Mining Co., Ltd. of the Mitsui Zaibatsu.
    (3) During World War II, however, the scale of manufacturing companies of the Group expanded rapidly and they were forced to raise necessary funds outside the Group also. As a result the fund raising function of the Honsha weakened. In turn, the role of the Sumitomo Bank increased and the share of funds from outside the Group became more important.
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  • IN COMPARISON WITH ANGLO-AMERICAN MACHINE TOOL INDUSTRY
    Kinsaburo Sunaga
    1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 34-63,iii
    Published: July 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 06, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Mass production system is the predominant production method of the _present age. The Core of mass production system is the interchangeable parts system. The interchangeable parts system made by the specialized machines have been known as American System of Manufactures since the latter half of the 19th century. In my paper, I inquiry into the trace of development of American System, comparing with Anglo-American machine tool industry. The main points are as follows. First, I follow the trace of the development of the interchangeable parts system in U.S.A. Second, with making clear the reason why that system had diffused in many durable consumer-goods industries during the 19th century, I investigate the peculiarity in transfer of technology in U.S.A. Third, I make clear the British response to American System. In Britain, the systematic production method of machine-initiative type was not introduced during the 19th century, although American-made machine was introduced. And I pursue the reason why the interchangeable parts system did not develop in U.K. that was the most industrialized country in the 19th century. Last, I make clear the acceptance condition. The Important factors are the simultaneous growth of several industries, market factor, propensity of manufactures, labor practice, etc.
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  • [in Japanese]
    1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 64-76
    Published: July 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: November 06, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • [in Japanese]
    1981 Volume 16 Issue 2 Pages 77-81
    Published: July 30, 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: May 07, 2010
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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