The Journal of Biochemistry
Online ISSN : 1756-2651
Print ISSN : 0021-924X
41 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1~13を表示しています
  • KINJIRO TAMARI, JUN KAJI
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 143-165
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    By the research on the mechanism of the inhibitory action of fusarinic acid on the plant-growth the following conclusions have been reached.
    1. The inhibitory action of fusarinic acid ultimately bases on the chelation mechanism, namely in the plant tissue fusarinic acid hinders the Fe-porphyrin oxidase system catching tightly the heavy metal ions (Fe+++, Cu++, etc.), which participate in the formation of this oxidase system, and subsequantly results the check of the plant-respiration.
    2. The n-butyl side chain of fusarinic acid contributes to the chelation intensity of this acid exercising the “-Inductive Effect” and subsequently to the intensity of the growth-inhibitory action on plants.
    3. Further the plant growth-inhibitory action of α-picoline-γ-car-boxylic acid, which having once been isolated by Schreiner and Shorey from the soil of barren land in Takoma district, North America, has also been proved to be ultimately based on the chelation mechanism in the same way with that of fusarinic acid.
  • HISAKO NISHIHARA
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 167-181
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The incorporation of radioactivities from CH3C14OOH and C14 uniformly labeled glucose, in the absence and presence of streptomycin, by Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV, streptomycin sensitive and strepto-mycin resistant (H37RVSR) variants, was studied. A study was also made on the uptake of radioactivity from NaHC14O3 by the sensitive organism.
    The incorporation of radioactivity from bicarbonate was uniformly low in all the amino acids. From acetate the highest specific activities were in glutamic acid and in proline, while in the glucose studies phenylalanine and tyrosine had the highest specific activities. The uptake of radioactivity from acetate into the amino acids was somewhat greater in the resistant strain than in the sensitive. Ninhydrin reactions of aspartic acid and leucine removed practically all the radioactivities incorporated from acetate, while in glutamic acid and praline, the reactions left more than half of the activities in the residual molecules.
    Streptomycin caused a decrease in the uptake of radioactivity from acetate into most of the amino acids in the sensitive strain. One notable exception was glutamic acid which does not appear to be affected. In the resistant strain some decrease was also noted in uptake of radioactivity from acetate into the amino acids including glutamic acid. Incorporation of radioactivity from glucose into the amino acids in the sensitive strain was definitely decreased to a level no more than that obtained with bicarbonate by the antibiotic, while incorporation into the resistant strain was apparently unaffected.
    The possible explanations and significance of the results observed are discussed.
    I wish to thank Dr. C. Richard Smith for his patient guidance and advice. I am also indebted to Mr. Elmer Rice for his tireless efforts in keeping the various instruments in working order, and to Mr. Cornelius Y. Chiamori and Mrs. Annie Fry for their skillful assistance on innumerable occasions.
  • TAKUO KOSUGE, HIDEO OKEDA
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 183-186
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
  • SHIKICHI IZAWA, AKIRA TSUKAMOTO
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 187-198
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The amounts of O2 consumed and CO2 evolved in the oxidation of glycolic acid by the salt-precipitated enzyme were found to be dependent upon the amount of catalase contaminated in the enzyme sample. When catalase was practically absent, the amount of O2 consumed per mole of glycolic acid oxidized was one mole. When excess of catalase was present the O2-uptake was reduced to 1/2 of this value.
    2. The addition of cyanide caused the accumulation of H2O2 together with the disappearance of CO2-formation without changing the amount of O2-uptake. The addition of azide, on the other hand, caused the increase in CO2-formation with no H2O2-accumulation, but the same O2-uptake was brought about as in the case of CN-addition.
    3. The addition of peroxidase and its hydrogen donor (reduced Bindschedler's green) caused the disappearance of CO2-formation and of H2O2-accumulation without changing the amount of O2-uptake.
    4. H2O2 was proved to react spontaneously with the intermediate as well as with synthetic glyoxylic acid to form CO2. Some additional evidence was aduced in support of the conclusion that glyoxylic acid is the intermediary product in the oxidation of glycolic acid.
    5. Glycolic acid is oxidized by plant sap with an equivalent amount of O2-uptake but only with a little CO, -formation. When the sap was pretreated with H2O2, CO2-formation was remarkably increased.
    6. The formation of H2O2 and accumulation of pyruvic acid were confirmed in the oxidation of lactic acid by the same enzyme in the presence of catalase in excess.
    7. Based on these observations it was concluded that the oxidation of glycolic and lactic acids proceeds as follows:
    In the enzyme solution,
    Glycolic acid+O2oxidaseglyoxylic acid+H2O2spontaneousformic acid+CO2+H2O,
    Lactic acid+O2oxidasepyruvic acid-+H2O2spontaneousacetic acid+CO2+H2O.
    In plant sap,
    Glycolic acid+O2+AH2oxidaseperoxidaseglyoxylic acid+A+2H2O,
    Lactic acid+O2+AH2oxidaseperoxidasepyruvic+A+2H2O,
    where AH2 represents some unknown, presumably phenolic, substances present in the plant sap.
    The authors wish to thank Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Tamiya for his kind advice and interest in this work. The authors are also indebted to Dr. Yasuyuki Ogura for furnishing purified equine liver catalase used in this study, and to Dr. Takeshi Mori for his helpful suggestions in the purification of the enzyme.
    This work was aided by a Grant from the Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education.
  • NOBUO TAMIYA
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 199-214
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Cysteine was decomposed by living cells as well as by dried cells of E. coll. Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia were detected as the products.
    2. The optimum pH of the reaction was about 7.
    3. Initial velocity of the reaction was proportional to the amount of cells added.
    4. Under the conditions used in the experiments, the rate of hydrogen sulfide production from cysteine by E. coli was independent of the cysteine concentration. The curve of hydrogen sulfide liberation was in good agreement with the theoretical one, calculated by assuming a stepwise reaction mechanism.
    5. The cysteine decomposing reaction by E. coli occured only in the presence of oxygen or nitrate. The reaction was strongly inhibited by hydrogen cyanide.
    6. Liberation of hydrogen sulfide from cysteine was preceded by cysteine disappearance and by detachment of amino group from cysteine.
    7. When arsenite was added to the reaction mixture, there occured ammonia production without liberation of hydrogen sulfide.
    8. In the presence of arsenite, a thiol keto acid was obtained from the reaction mixture. This substance was shown to be most probably thiolpyruvic acid.
    9. The difference between the reaction and the corresponding reaction brought about by the action of cysteine desulfhydrase was discussed.
  • I. SPECTROSCOPICAL OBSERVATIONS MADE ON THE REACTION BETWEEN HEMOGLOBIN AND BENZOATE
    KEIZOO TSUSHIMA
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 215-226
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Methemoglobin can be converted to a hemichrome like compound through the reaction with benzoate. Absorption figure of this hemichrome derivative is similar to that of the related compound obtained by the reaction with salicylate. Essentially they are similar to that of pyridine hemichrome.
    2. Reduced hemoglobin was converted into a hemochrome like FIG. 10. The absorption change of hemichrome on heating.
    I. Methemoglobin + benzoate (0.9M).
    II. On heating at 90°, this is reversible on cooling.
    compound by benzoate. The latter compound gave absorption spectra similar to those of alkali denatured globin hemochrome and of pyridine hemochrome.
    3. The relation between the percentage of hemichrome resp. hemochrome formation and the benzoate concentration could be expressed by a sigmoid curve of high order reaction.
    4. Much higher concentration of bezoate was needed for the conversion of reduced hemoglobin than for that of methemoglobin. In the concentration of benzoate below 1.0M, the hemichrome formed could be quantitatively converted into reduced hemoglobin through reduction by Na2S2O4. The conversion proceeded through a hemochrome like substance as an intermediary compound which could be observed only transitorily.
    5. Glycerol exerted inhibitory effect upon the reaction of hemichrome formation by benzoate.
    6. The hemochrome like substance formed by benzoate could not be precipitated on heating. This hemichrome like compound showed a reversible spectral displacement on heating.
    I should like to express my thanks to Prof. K, Kaziro and Dr. G. Kikuchi for their interest and helpful discussion during the course of this work.
  • GORO KIKUCHI, MICHIKO MAKITA, TOMOJI SAITO
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 227-237
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The reaction process of pseudohemoglobin formation was studied quantitatively by means of spectrometrical observations.
    1. The yields of pseudohemoglobin in the system of HbO2-KCN-H2O2 increased with increase of H2O2 or of KCN. Its maximum yield, however, never exceeded over a determinated limit.
    2. Pseudohemoglobin was proved to be formed also in the reaction system of Hb-KCN-ascorbic acid-O2. Also in this system, the production of pseudohemoglobin reached to its maximum level relatively in short time and the reaction was then interrupted remaining large quantity of unaffected protoheme in the form of CN-metHb. In the presence of sufficient amount of KCN, the rate of pseudohemoglobin formation increased with increase of ascorbic acid added. But, the final yield of the pigment never exceeded over a certain limit. It was suggested thus, hemoglobin was converted in this reaction system into pseudohemoglobin and methemoglobin and in constant proportion of these two products.
    3. With KCN of extremely lower concentrations, the final yield of pseudohemoglobin also decreased.
    4. It seemed within the reaction process of pseudohemoglobin formation a slight denaturation has been occurred in the molecule of globin and the O2-binding capacity of hemoglobin was proved to be lowered within this reaction process.
    5. For the reaction of pseudohemoglobin formation, pH values above 7.0 were afforded as favorable. It was suggested thus that CN-is effective in the present reaction, but not HCN.
    The present investigation was supported by Prof. K. Kaziro, for which the authors wish to thank. The technical assistance of Dr. T. Tomimura in manometrical observations is also acknowledged with pleasure.
  • GORO KIKUCHI, MASATARO YAMADA
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 239-246
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Green pigment formation from oxyhemoglobin were studied under varied reaction conditions with special reference to its connection with the easily detachable iron content, detachable by the treatment with 0.4 per cent HCl. The results are summarized as follows:
    1. The content of easily detachable iron in the pseudohemoglobin produced by the reaction of Hb-KCN-H2O2 system was found to be relatively high. In cases with larger amounts of H2O2, it should not be overlooked the possible contamination of a few amounts of iron derived from a sort of by-reaction.
    2. The content of easily detachable iron in the pseudohemoglobin produced by the reaction of Hb-KCN-ascorbic acid-O2 system was very low. The fact suggests the differences of the chemical structure between pseudohemoglobin and choleglobin.
    3. The reaction products in the system of Hb-K2CO3-ascorbic acid-O2 at higher pH were assumed to be different from the ordinary choleglobin in many points. At least they do not liberate their iron so easily as choleglobin.
    4. More than two pigments were suggested, further, to be formed in the present reaction system which seemed chemically different from each other. Among them, one would hardly liberate its iron, the other would, however, more easily. The former seemed to be convertible into the latter in the present reaction process. It may be pointed out additionally that a sort of step-reaction seems to take place even in the presence of KCN.
    The present investigation was supported by Prof. K. Kaziro, whom the authers wish to thank.
  • GORO KIKUCHI
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 247-254
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Much higher amount of pseudohemoglobin could be formed by the reactions of Hb-KCN-Na2S2O4-ascorbic acid-O2 system and of Hb-KCN-Na2S2O4-H2O2 system respectively, both of which were introduced by the present authors, than those obtained by the ordinary reactions of Hb-KCN-ascorbic acid-O2 system or HbO2 KCN-H2O2 system.
    2. It may especially be noted that the reaction rate of pseudo-hemoglobin formation in the reaction of Hb-KCN-Na2S2O4-ascorbic acid-O2 system increased with the increase of the concentration of both ascorbic acid and KCN.
    3. KOCN was proved to be samely effective as KCN for the reaction of pseudohemoglobin formation.
    4. It may be conclusively stated that pseudohemoglobin is derived from hemoglobin of ferrous state.
    5. The mechanism of the reaction of pseudohemoglobin formation seems to be much more complicated than has been explained by Barkan.
    The present study was supported by Prof. K. Kaziro, for which the author's deep gratitude is expressed.
  • V. EXPERIMENTS OF PROTRACTED ACCUMULATIVE EFFECTS OF XANTHURENIC ACID CAUSING CHRONIC DIABETIC SYPTOMS IN WHITE RATS
    YAHITO KOTAKE, Jr., TOSHIRO INADA, YUICHI MATSUMURA
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 255-261
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    From the results obtained in the above-mentioned experiments, it is clearly proved that xanthurenic acid is the causative substance of diabetic symptoms in white rats. It is further proved biochemically and histo-pathologically that xanthurenic acid has an accumulative action, namely, when its relatively weak effect continues for certain length of time it induces severe chronic diabetic symptoms. The fact that human diabetes generally progresses chronically, is taken into con-sideration. These findings are of great interest. Further, it should be noted that xanthurenic acid is an abnormal metabolites of tryptophan and that the acid exists always in the urine of diabetes patients as proved by Kotake and Tani (6). We, therefore, consider it to be well-founded that the diabetic symptoms caused by xanthurenic acid in white rats is the same with those of human diabetes, caused by nutritional failure. The fact that the existence of a much greater number of diabetes patients among civilized people who eat food rich in fat and protein stands in quite concordance with our view. Indeed, our experimental results would afford a new road for therapy and prophylaxis of human diabetes.
    We heartily thank Prof. Yashiro Kotake for his pertinent advices, encourage-ments and his revision and heartily thank Prof. Keizo Kodama for his revision to this study and also heartily thank the Department of Anatomy and Pathology of our College for their help given us in the histopathological examinations.
  • VI. EFFECT OF XANTHURENIC ACID UPON GLYCOGEN CONTENTS IN LIVER, HEART MUSCLE AND SKELETAL MUSCLE
    YAHITO KOTAKE Jr., TOSHIRO INADA
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 263-266
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    We were able to observe remarkable change in the glycogen content in liver, heart muscle and skeletal muscle of the xanthurenic-acid-in-jected white rats. This affords an evidence for a pronounced effect of xanthurenic acid on glucose metabolism which stands in accord to diabetic symptoms indused by xanthurenic acid.
    In conclusion, we heartily thank Prof. Yashiro Kotake for his pertinent advices, encouragements and his revision and also heartily thank Prof. Keizo Kodama for his revision to this study.
  • KANZO SASAKI
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 267-271
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The oxidation of ethyl 3, 12-diacetoxy-7-ketocholanate with seleni-um dioxide afforded three products and these structure were presumed.
  • II. THE EFFECT OF ALLITHIAMINE ON LIVING ORGANISM
    MOTONORI FUJIWARA, HISASHI NANJO, TAMON ARAI, SUZUOKI-ZIRO
    1954 年 41 巻 2 号 p. 273-285
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The results of our study on the effect of allithiamine and its homologue on experimental animals and human subjects may be summarized as follows:
    1. Allithiamine and its homologue are less toxic than thiamine.
    2. Allithiamine and its homologue are more active on growth of rats than thiamine.
    3. Allithiamine and its homologue are of curative effect on thiamine deficiency in experimental animals.
    4. Allithiamine and its homologue are absorbed from intestine far more easily than thiamine. Intestinal uptake increases proportionately to the amount of oral intake.
    5. Allithiamine and its homologue cause a marked elevation in blood level of thiamine in animals and human subjects.
    6. Phosphorylation takes place on allithiamine more easily than thiamine.
    The authors wish to thank Dr. U. Miura, Kyoto University, for encouragement during the course of this investigation. The experiments were aided by a grant from the Ministry of Education.
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