The Journal of Biochemistry
Online ISSN : 1756-2651
Print ISSN : 0021-924X
41 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • MITSUO SUZUKI, AKIHIKO KAJITA, CHICHIBU HANAOKA
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 401-408
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Crystalline preparations of bovine and horse oxyhemoglobin which were free from catalase and methaemoglobin, were obtained.
    2. Crystalline bovine oxyhemoglobin was prepared by. means of fractionation with ethanol. Crystalline horse oxyhemoglobin could be obtained merely by dialysis against cold distilled water, but, often with poorer yields and with unsatisfactory reproducibility. In its simplicity, however, Heidelberge is method was proved so far to be most convenient. The adequate conditions of the latter method were carefully studied in the present investigation.
    3. The preparation of horse oxyhemoglobin prepared by Heidelberger's method remained fairly stable in its native state, while bovine oxyhemoglobin seemed to have been subjected to some denaturation in its protein part.
    4. Contents of N and Fe in the horse hemoglobin prepared by us were found to be 16.5 per cent and 0.34 per cent, respectively.
    5. Using the preparations obtained, the optical constants of various hemoglobin derivatives were determined.
    Present investigation was undertaken as a part of the program of our laboratory: “ Interrelation between the function of heme-proteins and the structural modifications of their protein parts.”
    We wish to thank Profs. K. Kazito and G. Kikuchi for their suggestion and kind advices.
  • KANAME KURIAKI, CHARLES J. KENSLER
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 409-413
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The D-amino acid oxidase activity of the livers of newborn Wistar strain rats is about 15 per cent of the adult liver level. The rate of increase is slightly slower than that of succinoxidase but much faster than choline oxidase.
    2. In normal rat liver the D-amino acid oxidase is approximately equally distributed between the mitochondrial and supernatant fractions with less than 10 per cent of the activity associated with the nuclear fraction.
    3. In adrenalectomized rats the D-amino acid oxidase activity was reduced by about 20 per cent, and this loss occurred in the mitochondrial fraction.
    4. Adrenalectomy caused no marked change in choline oxidase activity of rat liver, nor any alteration of its distribution pattern.
  • IV. EIN BEITRAG ZUR KENNTNIS DER BAKTERIENPROTEINASE
    YASUO TAZAWA, HARUO HAGIHARA
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 415-423
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Unter Verwendung der Autolysenmethode wurde eine peptidasenfreie Proteinase aus Aceton-Dauerpräparaten von Staphylococcus aureus und Bacillus natto dargestellt. Die Spaltungsversuche mit Proteinen und Polypeptiden bei verschiedenem pH ergaben, dass die Bakterienproteinase der Kathegorie von Papain oder Kathepsin angehört, and dass ihre enzymatische Spezifität in der Aufschliessung des sauren Diketopiperazins besteht. Weiter wurden die enzymatische Spaltbarkeit des Albumins tierischer oder pflanzlicher Herkunft einerseits, and die Autolysierbarkeit des Plasmaproteins in den Bakterienzellen andererseits, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Hitze-Denaturierung and der Färbbarkeit mit sauren and basischen Farbstoffen, näher studiert. Aus diesen Ergebnissen sind die Autoren zum Schluss gekommen, dass die gegensätzlich geladenen ionischen Atomgruppen an der Oberfläche des Enzymbzw. Substrat-Moleküls sowohl bei der Proteolyse als auch bei der Autolyse eine dirigierende Rolle spielen.
  • VII. ON THE “XANTHURENICASE”
    YASHIRO KOTAKE, YAHITO KOTAKE, Jr., AKIRA INOUYE
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 425-433
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. It was found that there existed an enzyme in liver tissue capable of decomposing xanthurenic acid. The name, “Xanthurenicase”, was given to this enzyme.
    2. Several characteristics of this enzyme such as pH optimum, . temperature optimum, inhibitor, etc. were studied.
    3. Based on the examinations by both paper-partition-chromato-graphy and absorption spectrum, some postulation is presented that the substance formed by the decomposition of xanthurenic acid may be a derivate of phenol caused by the splitting of a pyidin ring of xanthurenic acid.
  • VIII. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN XANTHURENIC ACID AND ACETONE BODIES IN RAT
    YAHITO KOTAKE. Jr., JUN'ICHI KAMADA
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 435-441
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The formation of xanthurenic acid and that of acetone bodies are closely correlated. Increased xanthurenic acid never fails to lead to increased out-put of acetone bodies. This fact is of no small interest and encourages us to further studies on diabetic symptoms of rats caused by xanthurenic acid.
    2. It has been made clear that both a proper quantity of anthranilic acid and of pyridoxine are capable to check the formation of acetone bodies in rat.
    We wish to thank heartily to Prof. Yashiro Kotake, for his advice and revision and also heartily thank to Prof. Keizo Kodama, for his revision.
  • SHIRO TAKASHIM, AKIRA MITSUI
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 443-450
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
  • TADAHIKO TORII
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 451-456
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The cholesterol content of the blood and the various tissues of alloxan treated rats were estimated at different stages of blood sugar levels.
    1. In blood and liver, the total cholesterol increased through all stages of blood sugar levels, whereas the higher ester contents was observed at the initial hyperglycemic and the secondary hypoglycemic stage.
    2. The total cholesterol in lung, kidney, heart and spleen showed no significant change. In the heart cholesterol ester decreased, while free cholesterol increased. Such change of ratio was, however, not observed in other organs.
    3. Treatment with alloxan reduces rapidly and remarkably the total cholesterol, especialky the esterified, in the adrenal glands.
    4. In the stage corresponding to the initial hyperglycemic stage of alloxan rat, a large loss of total cholesterol, especially of the ester form, was found in the adrenals. This fact seems to indicate that there exists an intimate relationship between initial hyperglycemia and an abnormal activity of pituitary-cortical hormones in the case of alloxan rat.
  • KATASHI MAKINO, KIKUO MATSUZAKI
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 457-462
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The spots of nucleic acid components on paper chromatogram were detected by an ultraviolet detector. This detector consists of a low voltage mercury lamp (Matsuda's sterilization lamp GL-15, 100v., 15w.) as the light source and a solution of nickel and cobalt sulfate described by Markham and Smith as the filter. In this paper, the apparatus, the spectrophotometric research in the detector and Rf values of nucleic acid components were described.
    The lower limit of detection with this detector was 1 to 5γ of each compound.
    This work was aided by a grant from the Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education.
  • I. ON INTERACTION OF VITAMIN B1 AND SULFHYDRYL GROUP IN PROTEIN MOLECULES
    YOSHIKAZU SAHASHI, SABURO FUNAHASHI, KYOHEI YAMASHITA, TADAMI AKATSUKA
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 463-467
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Interaction of vitamin B1 disulfide and activated sulfhydryl groups in peptides or protein molecules was studied and probable forms of B1-S-S-glutathione, B1-S-S-papain, B1-S-S-eggalbumin and B1-S-S-serum albumin were observed by paper chromatography as shown in Tables I-VI.
    2. Interaction of vitamin B1 disulfide and pantetheine also seems to produce B1-S-S-pantetheine.
    From these findings, probable reaction in intermediate metabolism of vitamin B1 is discussed.
    The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Prof. Y. Kuno (Chairman, Committee on Vitamin B Research). The costs of this research have been defrayed from the Department of Education to which the authors' thanks are due.
  • IV. THE INHIBITION OF CHOLINESTERASE BY SODIUM SALICYLATE
    BYOITI SHUKUYA
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 469-480
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. Sodium salicylate inhibits the cholinesterase in two different ways as the incubated concentration of the former differs.
    2. It was indicated that the reversible inhibition, which is observed in the lower concentration range of salicylate, is non competitive. The inhibition seems to be brought about by combination of two molecules of salicylate to one enzyme molecule. The binding of one molecule of substrate to one enzyme molecule may result a hindrance of the binding of salicylate molecule with the latter.
    3. In the irreversible inhibition by sodium salicylate which occurs in the higher concentration of the latter, the inactivation reaction of enzyme proceeds according to the first order kinetics, and is independent of substrate concentrations. The Arrhenius energy of this reaction was calculated to be 42, 000 cal.
    The present investigation was supported by Prof. K. Kaziro, to whom the author's deep gratitude is due.
  • NOBORU MATSUO
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 481-487
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    The metabolism of the Myxomycete plasmodium (Physarum polycephalum) was investigated by using Warburg manometers. The following results were obtained.
    1. Qo2 value on a wet weight basis was 1.08 (M/45 phosphate buffer at pH 6.0), which was 7.3 on a dry weight basis and 140 on a total nitrogen basis.
    2. R. Q. value was found to be 0.83 in average.
    3. Respiration was affected not only by the pH, but also by the concentration of the buffer. From pH 4.0 to pH 7.0, the respiratory rate was almost constant.
    4. O2 uptake was strongly inhibited by various metabolic poisons such as cyanide, NaN3 and monoiodoacetate. CO inhibited respiration considerably, but the inhibition was reversed to some extent upon illumination. Effects of the other inhibitors (2, 4-dinitrophenol, NaF, malonate, phenylthiourea and thiourea) were also investigated. Considering the effects of these inhibitors, the terminal oxidase in the respiration of the plasmodium is suggested to be the cytochrome oxidase. Further support of this was afforded by the spectroscopic confirmation of cytochromes a, b and c.
    5. No marked increase of O2 consumption was brought about by the addition of various substrates.
    6. Under anaerobic condition, the plasmodium showed the fermentation which was accompanied by acid formation. No sign of aerobic fermentation was observed.
    These results show that the metabolism of the plasmodium is very similar to that of muscular tissues.
  • JIRO OHTA
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 489-497
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. When the diet containing 5 per cent ethyl esters of highly unsaturated fatty acids obtained from cuttle fish oil was given to rat, it showed quite the same good nutritive effect as the diet containing oleic acid ester.
    2. To the contrary the oxidised form of the above unsaturated fatty acid esters showed an extremely toxic effect to rat.
  • TAKAO NAKAMURA, KUNIO KONNO
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 499-502
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Acid-base titrations were carried out on ferritin and apoferritin obtained from horse spleen, and analyses of the dissociating groups in the molecule were made on the basis of the titration data.
    The authors express their cordial thanks to Prof. H. Tamiya, Prof. N. Shimazono, Dr. Y. Ogura, and Dr. M. Y one yam a for their kind guidance.
  • III. EFFECTS OF SODIUM SALICYLATE AND BENZOATE UPON THE REACTION OF CHOLEGLOBIN FORMATION
    GORO KIKUCHI, TARO TOMIMURA
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 503-512
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Studies were made on the changes of catalytic activities of hemoglobin following the structural modification of the latter induced by sodium salicylate or benzoate with special reference to their influences upon the process of choleglobin formation in the hemoglobin-ascorbic acid-O2 system. The results are summarized as follows:
    1. Reaction rate of choleglobin formation, as well as of O2 uptake, increased with increasing concentrations of salicylate or benzoate added. But, when the concentration of the perturbators increased over a definite limit, the rate decreased again.
    2, The perturbation of hemoglobin molecule seemed to proceed stepwise following the increase of salicylate or benzoate concentrations. There may most probably be a secondary stable state of hemoglobin molecule.
    3. The concentration of salicylate or benzoate favorable to promote the choleglobin formation was proved to be far lower than that either to bring about the spectroscopically demonstrable grade-of perturbation of hemoglobin molecule or to promote the rate of HbO2 autoxidation.
    4. The temperature effect on the reaction of choleglobin formation under the presence of perturbators was much greater than that without perturbators.
    5. From all of the results of the present experiments, it may be postulated that the above mentioned effects of benzoate and salicylate are due to the protein denaturation of a milder grade caused by them. Our previous assumption of an active intermediate compound x possibly produced in the process of choleglobin formation from hemoglobin may be accepted to be justifiable on the basis of our present experimental evidences.
    The authors wish to thank Prof. K. Kaziro for his continous guidance and encouragement during the course of the present studies.
    This work was aided by a Grant from the Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Education (K. Kaziro).
  • I. SOME PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYME SYSTEMS
    YUICHI YAMAMURA, MASAMICHI KUSUNOSE, SADAMU NAGAI, EMI KUSUNOSE
    1954 年 41 巻 4 号 p. 513-528
    発行日: 1954年
    公開日: 2008/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    We have separated from Mycobacterium avium the enzymes involved in the TCA cycle, namely aconitase, citric (probably isocitric), a-ketoglutaric, and succinic oxidases, fumarase, L-malic oxidase, oxalacetic decarboxylase and citrate synthesis enzymes in cell-free state, and the extraction procedures and some properties of these enzymes were described here.
    It is concluded that the TCA cycle operates actively in the terminal respiration of Mycobacterium avium.
    The authors wish to express their gratitude to Professor Saburo Watanabe, the chief of the Toneyama Institute for Tuberculosis, and Professor Shiro Arabori of the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Osaka University not only for their criticism, but also for their interest and encouragement during this investigation.
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