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46 巻, 6 号
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TAMITARO MIZUNOYA1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 669-679
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーThe TCA cycle in vico can be regarded as a kind of reaction system of open catalytic cycle in view of the fact that the members of cycle are interconvertible with some amino acids. In a previous paper, the author have developed a general theory of a metabolizing system with cyclic process, and now it is applied to a reaction system of open catalytic cycle with special reference to the TCA cycle. It is shown that the interconversion between the members of TCA cycle and some amino acids is compensated by the reversible Wood-Werkman reaction, by means of which the metabolic flow of TCA cycle can be maintained in the stationary state.
We have thus two kinds of the stationary states of the TCA cycle either accompanied or not by the stationary anabolic flow of pyruvic acid to some amino acids through the Wood-Werkman reaction. In contrast with the latter flow, the flow of TCA cycle can be called the catabolic floss of pyruvic acid to carbon dioxide and water.
When pyruvic acid is constantly supplied into the system the two flows interfere complementarily with each other. The equations are derived which represent the mutual interference of the two stationary flows. The inter-ference depends on the resistance to the supply of pyruvic acid into the system. When this resistance is much larger than all other ones, the most intensive interference appears and consequently amino acids instead of pyruvic acid are completely oxidized through the operation of the TCA cycle accompanied by the Wood-Werkman reaction.
When the metabolic flow of TCA cycle shifts from a stationary state without the flow of Wood-Werkman reaction to another one accom-panied by the latter flow, the former flow and hence the energy captured in the cycle decrease in proportion to the latter flow, while they increase provided that the latter flow goes in the opposite direction.
The present theory thus leads to the following conclusions: 1) The TCA cycle may be able to operate effectively as a “metabolic buffer” in cooperation with the Wood-Werkman reaction. 2) The TCA cycle may be regarded as an “energy capturing system” controlled by the Wood-Werkman reaction.
The author expresses his sincere appreciation to Prof. K. Oomori and Ass. Prof. G. T omit a of this laboratory for their advice and encouragement, and to Prof. S. Akabori of Osaka University for his interest and encouragement in the work. Grateful acknowledgement is made to Prof. M. Sugita of Hitotsubashi University for his repeated inspection of the manuscript and many valuable advices. The author has been greatly encouraged by his constant interest and helpful discussions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (452K) -
NOBUYUKI WATANABE1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 681-693
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. A method for micro differential determination of bile acids by use of p. p. c. and ultraviolet absorption was devised. With this method, free, glyeine-conjugated and taurine-conjugated bile acids were determined quantitatively without any interference by lipids.
2. To remove the lipids in bile which interfere with the determination, two-step-p. p, c. with 50 per cent methanol (pH 12) or an extraction procedure with 50 per cent ethanol and petroleum ether was performed and after this treatment, p. p. c. was allowed to proceed.
3. Taurine-conjugates were separated by p. p. c. with a new solvent containing ethyl butyrate (or isoamyl formate)/heptane/70 per cent acetic acid.
4. After heating at 60° for 60 minutes, conjugated chenodeoxycholic acid and conjugated deoxycholic acid which could not be separated by p. p. c. were determined differentially by utilizing a quality of absorption spectra.
5. The optimum heating conditions for free and conjugated cholic acids were investigated and it was found that the heating condition of 28° for 60 minutes gave more precise results than that of 60° for 15 minutes. 6. The maxima for the spectra of free and conjugated cholic acid, were found at 320mμ and 386mμ, not at 320mμ and 389mμ as in previously published reports.
7. As determinations of free and conjugated cholic acid by p. p. c. were much influenced by ferric-ion in the filter paper, Toyo filter paper No. 53 which contained less ashes and ferric-ion was preferable.
8. Recoveries of pure bile acids by this method were as follows: Deoxycholic acid (98.6 per cent), cholic acid (93.2 per cent), glycodeoxycholic acid (98.4 per cent), and Glycocholic acid (93.4 per cent).
6. Recoveries of bile acid added to human bile were as follows: Deoxycholic acid (97.1 per cent), and cholic acid (90.7 per cent).
10. The reports published before said that in Jananese bile there were no taurine-conjugates, but as a result of this experiment, taurine-conjugates were found in all examples.
11. In bladder bile of some cases of cholecystitis with gall stone, small amounts of free bile acids were also detected.
The author wished to thank Prof. H. Miyake, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, for his interests in this work and many valuable instructions. Thanks are also due to Prof. Y. Oshim a and Assistant Prof. M. Funatsu, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, for their valuable discussions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (556K) -
AKIRA TSUGITA, SHIRO AKABORI1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 695-704
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. It was confirmed that the carbohydrates found in Taka-amylase A constitute an integral part of the enzyme molecule.
2. All the carbohydrate components except for the hexosamines seem to be linked to the enzyme proteins through the hydroxyl group of a particular serine residue.
3. In the glycopeptides, isolated from the partial hydrolysates of Taka-amylase A, one mole of xylose and 7-8 moles of mannose are present per one amino terminal residue.
4. The amino acid sequence of the glycopeptide was suggested to be seryl-glutamyl-aspartyl-glycyl-(alanine, threonine).
The authors wish to express their gratitudes to Sankyo Co., Ltd. for their kind supply of ‘Takadiastase Sankyo’ and to Dr. T. Ikenaka for his valuable advice during the course of this research抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (380K) -
II. EFFECT OF C8-C14 FATTY ACIDS ON THE TRYPTIC DIGESTION OF SERUM ALBUMINMICHIYO KONDO1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 705-709
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. Native horse serum albumin is remarkably digestible with trypsin compared with ovalbumin.
2. Horse serum albumin becomes less digestible with trypsin by the addition of C8-C14, fatty acids and the digestibility of serum albumin is not influenced remarkably by heating with fatty acids.
3. The laevorotation of horse serum albumin solution decreases by the addition of fatty acid at lower concentrations but increases at higher con-centrations.
The author wishes to express her sincere thanks to Prof. S. Akabori and Prof. B. Maruo and Dr. H. Takahashi for their kind guidance and encouragement throughout this work.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (196K) -
MASAMITI TATIBANA, MAKOTO NAKAO, KANJI MIYAMOTO, TOYOZO SEKIGUCHI, HAR ...1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 711-717
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーATP32 labeled at β and γ position is easily prepared by incubating human erythrocytes with P32-orthophosphate. Optimal conditions for the method was studied. Need for neither buffer nor substrates and stability of the blood as a biological system are the main advantages of the present method. The recovery of P32 in ATP reached about 25 per cent and the ratio of the specific activity of α-phosphorus to that of β or γ-phosphorus was less than 1:20.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (279K) -
V. DIAZO-COUPLING AND IODINATION OF CYTOCHROME CHISAYUKI ISHIKURA, KENJI TAKAHASHI, KOITI TITANI1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 719-724
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. Cytochrome c was modified by applying to it a diazo-coupling reagent, p-diazobenzenesulfonic acid. The decrease of the absorption at 550mμ in the reduced state of cytochrome c was observed, as the reaction proceeded. The electron transferring activity of cytochrome c was found to be abolished.
2. Cytochrome c was iodinated and the number of iodine atoms incorporated into the protein was quantitatively estimated with the aid of radioactive iodine. The carbon monoxide binding affinity appeared as iodination proceeded. The autoxidizability also appeared, simultaneously with the disappearance of the electron transferring activity in a succinic oxidase system. The absorption at 55mμ, however, was maintained at almost the same level as the original one even when 6 atoms of iodine were incorporated into the protein molecule.
3. The difference between the results of the two types of modifications was discussed. It was inferred that with diazo-coupling the imidazole as well as the phenolic groups might have been modified, while the reaction of iodine be confined to the phenolic groups, in the experimental condition described in this paper.
The loss of electron transferring activity caused by iodination was considered to be a result of disruption of the stereochemical structure of cytochrome c.
The authors express their cordial thanks to Prof. S. Akabori and Prof. H. Yoshikawa for their constant interests and encouragements during this work抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (268K) -
MASAYUKI KANDA, YASUYUKI TAKAGI1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 725-732
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. Deoxyribose transferase has been purified about 20-fold from the extract of Lactobacillus delbrueckii. With the purified enzyme preparation no evidence for phosphate requirement has been found.
2. The enzyme catalyzes a reversible reaction: with initially equimolar quantities of pyrimidine deoxyriboside and adenine, at equilibrium about 80 per cent of the total deoxyribose is present as purine derivatives, and the content increases with the elevated levels of adenine added as acceptor of the deoxyribosyl group. A considerable number of purine bases participate in this transfer reaction.
3. The possibility that the deoxyribosyl group of pyrimidine deoxyri-bosides could be determined or isolated using this enzyme is discussed.
The authors wish to express their appreciation Dr. B. L. Horecker of the National Instintes of Health, Bethesda, Haryland and to Prof. K. Ichihara for his interest and encouragement in this work.
This work was supported by a grant for Fundamental Scientific Research of the Ministry of Education.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (298K) -
II. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES INDUCED BY SODIUM CHOLATEISAMU YANAGISAWA1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 733-737
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーThe dose of 500 to 800mg. per kg. of body weight of sodium cholate were administered to 19 rabbits fasted for 40 to 45 hours prior to the ex-periments. Fourteen rabbits died within 48 hours after the administration, but all of the remaining 5 rabbits became diabetic.
Histological observation revealed the damage of the islets of the pancreas'.
The author wishes to express his thanks to Prof. H. Yoshikawa, Dr. M. Nakao of the Department for their support and encouragement, to Dr. N. Mukai for his aid for histological observation and to members of Kotake's institute for kindly supply of xanthurenic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (581K) -
I. ACTIVITY AND FRACTIONATION OF RAT LIVER HOMOGENATEKAZUMI YAMASAKI, FUMIO NODA, KYUTARO SHIMIZU1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 739-745
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. From the rat liver an active fraction, 3β-hydroxysterol dehydrogenase, was prepared which dehydrogenates 7α-hydroxycholesterol in the presence of DPN+. This fraction was also capable of oxidizing cholesterol, but neither 3α-hydroxy steroids in general nor 3β-hydroxy steroids of the C19 and C21 series were affected.
2. A metabolic course of cholesterol to bile acid was discussed.
The authors are indebted to Prof. Dr. L. F. Fieser, Harvard University, for generous gifts of pregnenolone and other steroids. Thanks are due to Miss N. Hatano for her expert technical assistance during the course of this work.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (255K) -
II. PURIFICATION, SPECIFICITY AND INHIBITIONKAZUMI YAMASAKI, FUMIO NODA, KYUTARO SHIMIZU1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 747-755
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. A partial purification of 3β-hydroxysterol dehydrogenase from rat liver has been described.
2. The enzyme preparation catalyzed the reversible oxidation of 3β-hydroxysterols, regardless of the configuration of the A-B ring junction.
3. DPN+ and TPN+ functioned here equally well as a hydrogen acceptor.
4. The enzyme preparation was inhibited by some sulfhydryl reagents.
The authors are indebted to Prof. Dr. L. F. Fieser, Harvard University, for generous gifts of pregnenolone and other steroids. Thanks are due to Miss N. Hatano for her expert technical assistance during the course of this work.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (312K) -
III. PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF RIBONUCLEASE T2MARIKO NAOI-TADA, KIMIKO SATO-ASANO, FUJIO EGAMI1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 757-764
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. RNase T2 was partially purified from Takadiastase. Most purified preparation was almost homogeneous in zone-electrophoresis and free from RNase T1.
2. RNase T is heat stable and has pH optimum at 4.5. It is inhibited by Cu++ and activated by EDTA, PCMB and monoiodoacetate.
3. Specificity of RNase T2 is very characteristic, namely it preferentially hydrolyses secondary phosphate ester bonds of adenosine-3'-phosphate.
4. RNase T2 digestion of yeast RNA is not complete and a resistant fraction remains.
5. In the crude RNase T2 fraction the existence of small amount of another RNase, perhaps hydrolysing phosphodiester bonds of pyrimidine nucleotides, was suggested.
The authors wish to thank Sankyo Co., Ltd. for the gift of “Takadiastase Sankyo”.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (467K) -
I. ISOLATION FROM A MOLLUSC; IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTIONSHUNJI OUCHI1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 765-769
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー2-Aminoethanesulfinic acid was isolated in pure form from a mollusc. The isolated compound was identical with synthetc 2-aminoethanesulfinic acid, as shown by comparison on the paper chromatography, paper electro-phoresis and other properties.
The distribution of 2-aminoethanesulfinic acid in some marine-livings was also investigated.
The author wishes to express here his thanks to Prof. S. Shibuya for his suggestions and advices in the course of this work. The cost of this work has been partially covered by the Scientific Research Grant of Ministry of Education.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (204K) -
YOSHIKO KAGAWA, SHIGEKI MINAKAMI, YOSHIMASA YONEYAMA1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 771-780
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. An active preparation to synthesize heme from protoporphyrin and iron was solubilized from particulates of avian hemolysate using sodium cholate solution.
2. The preparation has an optimum pH for the activity and is com-pletely inactivated by heat treatment.
3. Protoporphyrin was required as a substrate, though δ-aminolevulinic acid or porphobilinogen could replace it in the present system.
4. The reaction was remarkably accelerated by addition of cysteine or glutathione. The addition of ascorbate in the course of the cholate extraction showed enhancement of the activity of the preparation.
5. Lead, silver, copper, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, p-cholomer-curibenzoate and chicken serum considerably inhibited the reaction, while 2, 4-dinitrophenol, malonate and cyanide showed slight or no inhibitory effects.
The authors express their thanks to Prof. H. Yoshikaw a for his constant advice and encouragement during the couse of the work. Thanks are also due to Dr. G. U rata of the institute of Public Health for his valuible discussions and also for the generous gift of porphobilinogen and to Mr. S. Tanaka, Dr. Y. Sugita and Dr. S. Morimoto of this laboratory for their stimulating cliscussions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (394K) -
I. PROPERTIES OF THE ENZYME SYSTEM INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF NITRITE REDUCTIONAKIRA ASANO1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 781-790
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリー1. Electron transport system functioning in the reduction of nitrite and the properties of NiR were studied using a halotrelant Micrococcus (strain 203) as the material.
2. Ferrocytochrome b, reduced nitrite in the presence of NiR. The reaction required high salt concentrations.
3. Electron transport from DPNH to nitrite, requiring high salt concentrations, was activated by FAD about two-fold, and inhibited by antimycin A.
4. Glucose-NiR system was inhibited by amytal, quinine, dicumarol and antimycin A, and activated by FAD and menadione.
5. Succinate-NiR system was inhibited by antimycin A but not inhibited by amytal, quinine and dicumarol.
6. NiR was inhibited by cyanide, azide and metal chclators. The carbon monoxide inhibition in the dark was not reversed by light. Hydro-xylamine inhibited the MbH2-NiR system but did not inhibit the PMSH-NiR system. The nitric oxide inhibition at 0.1 atm. was stonger in MbH2-NiR system than in PMSH-NiR system.
7. The similarity of the electron transport system investigated to the mammalian terminal oxidase system was discussed.
8. The electron transport system functioning in the reduction of nitrite may by summarized as shown in Fig. 4
. The author wishes to thank Prof. F Egami for his kind encouragement and guidance, and Dr. S. Taniguchi, Mr. K. Ohmachi and Mr. E. Itagaki for their helpful discussion. He also wishes to express his thanks to Prof. T. Mori and Dr. H. Iwasaki of the Department of Biology, Nagoya University for their helpful suggestion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (401K) -
NOZOMU OTSUJI, YASUYUKI TAKAGI1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 791-798
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーExposure of Escherichia coli K-12 in salt-glucose medium to 1μg. per ml. of AzU caused inhibition of growth. A study was made of alterations in the bacteria in the presence of AzU at a level of 10μg. per ml. It was found that 30 minutes after addition of AzU synthesis of DNA stopped while the RNA and protein content of the bacteria increased normally beyond this time even in the presence of a growth inhibitory concentration of the analog. Tryptophanase induction in intact cells was unaffectedly by the presence of a high concentration of AzU, but that in subcellular prepara-tions was strongly inhibited by the analog. Treatment of the cells with AzU under conditions of growth results in accumulation of esterified N-acetylamino sugars. The results are discussed in terms of the competitive antagonism of the AzU-containing nucleotide derivatives to uridine-nucleotide compounds in cell wall synthesis.
The authors wish to express their appreciation to Prof. K. Ichihara and Prof. H. Kikkawa for their interest and encouragement in this work. This investigation was aided by a grant from the Ministry of Education.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (362K) -
MICHINORI NAKAMURA1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 799-806
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーDetailed proccclures are given for the quantitative determination of phosphorylase activity in the presence of potent β-amylase. This method is based on the finding that β-amylase is more sensitive to mercuric chloride than is phosphorylase. By correcting the observed phosphorylase activity in the presence of a suitable concentration of mercury for the recovery of added phosphorylase in the same digest, true phosphorylase activity is obtained. It was found by this method that crude extracts from sweet potatoes are very potent in phosphorylase activities.
The author wishes to express his sincere thanks to Prof. S. Funahashifor his interest in this work and to Mr. M. Onoda for the generous gift of various varieties of sweet potatoes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (379K) -
KAZUMI YAMASAKI, KYUTARO SHIMIZU, MAKOTO YASUMIZU, TETSUHIKO SUGIHARA1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 807-808
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (94K) -
KAZUMI YAMASAKI, TOHAKU WAKUTANI, HIROO TAKIMOTO, KYUTARO SHIMIZU1959 年 46 巻 6 号 p. 809-811
発行日: 1959/06/25
公開日: 2008/11/18
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (129K)
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