The Journal of Biochemistry
Online ISSN : 1756-2651
Print ISSN : 0021-924X
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Volume 70, Issue 1
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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  • Esterase Activity of Plasma before and after Heparin Injection into Rats and Rabbits
    Susumu YASUOKA, Masami NINOMIYA, Setsuro FUJII
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 1-8
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    Samples of plasma obtained before and after injection of heparin into rats and rabbits were subjected to Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Plasma obtained after heparin injection gave two fractions (fraction A and B), while that before the injection gave only fraction B.
    Fraction A showed both lipase [EC 3.1.1.3] and esterase activities, hydrolyzing activated Ediol and tributyrin.
    Using this procedure it was shown that the increase in esterase activity that follows heparin injection in rats is not due to induction of normal plasma esterase (fraction B), but to appearance of a new esterase (fraction A).
    The esterase which appeared in plasma after heparin injection could also be separated from the esterase present in normal plasma by ammonium sulfate frac-tionation and by pH-treatment.
    Attempts to separate lipase and esterase, induced by injection of heparin, were unsuccessful.
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  • A Possible Recognition of Ribonucleotides by DNA Dependent RNA Polymerase of E. coli
    Shingo ASANO, Yoshikazu KURASHINA, Yasuhiro ANRAKU, Den'ichi MIZUNO
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 9-20
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    The 5'-triphosphates of various ribonucleosides, Formycin, Formycin B, inosine, 6-thioinosine, 6-azauridine, 5-fluorouridine, 5-chlorouridine, 5-bromouridine, 5-iodouri-dine and 5-chlorocytidine, were chemically synthesized, and were examined whether they could be substituted for the natural substrate for DNA dependent RNA poly-merase [EC 2. 7. 7. 6].
    Formycin triphosphate specifically replaced ATP, but not GTP, CTP and UTP. Inosine-, and 6-azauridine-triphosphates replaced GTP, and also Formycin B triphos-phate replaced GTP to a certain extent. All 5-halogenated UTPs replaced UTP. 5-Chlorocytidine triphosphate replaced CTP. 6-Thioinosine triphosphate, when sub-stituted for one of the four natural substrates, did not support the incorporation of ribonucleotides into RNA. In constrast, when 5-azauridine triphosphate was replaced for UTP or when 6-thioinosine triphosphate was replaced for GTP, these compounds inhibited the RNA synthesis. These results suggested that there were possible specific interactions between the enzyme and the four substrates.
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  • Interaction between Natural Ribonucleotides and Their Corresponding Analogues at Sites Which Possibly Recognize Individual Four Substrates of DNA Dependent RNA Polymerase
    Shingo ASANO, Yasuhiro ANRAKU, Den'ichi MIZUNO
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 21-34
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    The kinetics of the competitive interaction for DNA dependent RNA polymerase [EC 2. 7. 7. 6] between synthetic ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate analogues as competitors and four natural substrates were studied.
    (1) The competitive effect by Formycin triphosphate against ATP was shown as nonlinear convex curves on the Lineweaver-Burk plot and these curves in total were arranged in a fish-shaped arrangement combining the competitive inhibition and sub-stitution type. However, the effect of Formycin triphosphate against three other natural substrates was represented exclusively as a noncompetitive inhibition.
    (2) Similarly, the competitive effects of inosine triphosphate against GTP, 5-fluoro-uridine triphosphate against UTP, and 5-chlorocytidine triphosphate against CTP were exhibited as the plots of a combination of competitive inhibition and sub-stitution type. But, the plots for competition reactions by these analogues against the concentrations of other uncongenial substrates exhibited a noncompetitive or an uncompetitive inhibition.
    (3) The effect of 6-azauridine triphosphate against GTP was represented by plots of combination of competitive inhibition and substitution type, but the effect against UTP produced nonlinear concave curves, indicating a competitive inhibition. Similarly, the effect of 6-thioinosine triphosphate against GTP was exhibited concave curves of competitive inhibition.
    (4) The s versus v plots by analogue competitors against the corresponding natural substrates exhibited all sigmoid curves. The Hill coefficients were found to be from 1.0 to 0.5 for the competitive inhibition and substitution type, and from 1.0 to 2.0 for the competitive inhibition type.
    (5) Protection of RNA polymerase against heat inactivation by various components was studied. It was suggested from the kinetics of inactivation that them were three different states of enzyme.
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  • Studies on Luciferase from Photobacterium phosphoreum
    I. Purification and Physicochemical Properties
    Takao NAKAMURA, Kenzaburo MATSUDA
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 35-44
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    Bacterial luciferase was purified from Photobacterium phosphoreum and its physico-chemical properties were investigated. This enzyme has a molecular weight of 82, 000 and an absorption maximum at 375 mμ with a shoulder at 445 mμ in addition to the protein peak. The fluorescence and luminescence spectra of the enzyme and its chemiluminescent quantum yield and activity were also investigated.
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  • Effects of Steroid Hormones on Synthesis of Cholesterol in vitro
    Teruo ONO, Yoh IMAI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 45-54
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    The rates of incorporation of 14C-mevalonate into cholesterol, lanosterol, squalene and other intermediary metabolites such as allyl pyrophosphates, in rat liver micro-somes and soluble cell components were studied. In this way the effects of various steroids and detergents added to the incubation medium on the sequential metabolic pathway of cholesterol synthesis were observed.
    On addition of steroids, 14C-incorporation from mevalonate into the total non-saponifiable lipids was generally slightly inhibited and that into cholesterol was markedly decreased, while incorporation into lanosterol was increased. Therefore steroids may preferentially inhibit cholesterol synthesis after mevalonate formation at the step between lanosterol and cholesterol. The effects of the steroids tested decreased in the following order: progesterone, testosterone> androsterone, dehydro-epiandrosterone, estradiol-17β> hydrocortisone, cortisone.
    The addition of some detergents to the incubation medium seemed to inhibit not only cholesterol formation from lanosterol but also cyclization of squalene to lano-sterol, though their effect on the latter was slight.
    Sterols derived from 14C-mevalonate may be fixed in microsomal pellets, mainly in the free form. However, their release from the microsomes on sonication was increased by incubation of the microsomes with progesterone, possibly due to the detergent like action of the steroid.
    The effect of progesterone seemed to be reversible, since the rate of cholesterol synthesis was restored by addition of lecithin alone or of lecithin-cholesterol micelles even when progesterone was also added. The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis by steroids seems to be closely related to the function of the microsomal membrane.
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  • Synthesis of Oligo-ApGp and Other Oligonucleotides by Ribonuclease N1
    Tatsuro KOIKE, Tsuneko UCHIDA, Fujio EGAMI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 55-61
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    1. The synthesis of IpN, ApGpU, IpApApC and oligo-ApGp by ribonuclease N, [ribonucleate guaninenucleotido-2'-transferase (cyclizing), Neurospora crassa, EC 2. 7. 7. 26] was studied.
    2. The yield of IpC amounted to 22% with respect to phosphate donor when I-cyclic-p and cytidine were incubated with ribonuclease N1 at 4°C. The yield of IpN was dependent on the nature of phosphate acceptor in the following order: cyto-sine>uridine>adenosine>guanosine.
    ORD curve of IpC showed a characteristic multi-cotton effect due to dimer formation. The hypochromicity of IpC was 8.93 at pH 7.0, μ=0.1.
    3. The yield of ApGpU and IpApApC synthesized by ribonuclease N1 amounted to 39% and 6.5%, respectively.
    4. Oligo-ApGp was synthesized by ribonuclease N1 and fractionated by DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography in the presence of 7 M urea. The yields of tetra-nucleotide and hexanucleotide fraction were 33% and 7%, respectively.
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  • Sodium Trichloroacetate as a Denaturation Reagent for Proteins
    Akiko TAKENAKA, Osamu TAKENAKA, Teruhiko MIZOTA, Kazuo SHIBATA, Yuji I ...
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 63-73
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is known as a precipitant for proteins at acidic pH was applied at neutral pH to proteins such as α-chymotrypsin [EC 3. 4. 4. 5], chymotryp-sinogen, lysozyme [EC 3. 2. 1. 17], ribonuclease A [EC 2.7.7.16] and insulin in order to examine its effects on the structures and activities of these enzymes and proteins at neutral pH and to compare them with the effects of urea, guanidine-HCl and halogen derivatives of acetate. The proteolytic activity of α-chymotrypsin was inhibited completely by addition of 1.2 M Na-TCA at pH 7.8, while the activity was fully retained in the presence of 1.5 M sodium monochloroacetate, sodium dichloroacetate, sodium trifluoroacetate, urea or guanidine-HCl at the same pH value. The activities of ribonuclease A and lysozyme near neutral pH were also lost completely with Na-TCA at 1.2 M. The four tyrosine residues in the α-chymotrypsin molecule ionized with 0.6 M Na-TCA at pH 12.0 while, in the presence of other reagents at 1.5 M, only two or three of them ionized at the same pH value. Some tyrosine residues in chymotrypsinogen, lysozyme and ribonuclease A, which do not ionize at pH 12.0 without reagent, ionized on addition of 1.5 M Na-TCA at the alkaline pH. These proteins when treated with Na-TCA at pH 7.0 underwent spectral shifts due to exposure of tyrosine and/or tryptophan residues from the interior of protein molecules. The helical contents of ribonuclease A and lysozyme increased on addition of Na-TCA, whereas the helical content of insulin and α-chymotrypsin decreased on the same treatment. Na-TCA was thus found to act as a denaturation reagent for proteins which is more effective at neutral pH than the other notable denaturation reagents.
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  • Purification of α-L-Fucosidase from the Liver of a Marine Gastropod, Charonia lampas
    Yasuteru IIJIMA, Fujio EGAMI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 75-78
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    Using p-nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside as substrate, α-L-fucosidase was purified by about 120 fold from the liver extract of Charonia lanapas by the combination of ammonium sulfate factionation, pH 4 treatment, heating, Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and hydroxylapatite column chromatography.
    The purified enzyme was practically free from all other glycosidases tested, when examined with aryl glycosides as substrate, was inhibited by PCMB, and had pH optimum at 3.3. The Michaelis constant toward p-nitrophenyl α-L-fucoside was 3.1×10-4M.
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  • Redox Components Associated with Chromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum
    Tomisaburo KAKUNO, Robert G. BARTSCH, Katsuzo NISHIKAWA, Takekazu HORI ...
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 79-94
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    1. Light-grown cells of a blue-green mutant of Rhodospirillunt rubrrnn possess cytochrome c2, cvtochrome cc', cytochrome b-557.5 and cytochrome B. Approximately 73% to 9% of the total amounts of cytochrome c2 and cvtochrome cc' are present in the cvtoplasmic fluid, the remainder being associated with the chromatophore membrane, which contains cytochrome B also. It is not known whether cytochrome B is the cytochrome b-557.5 that has been purified.
    2. With chromatophores, the cytochrome cc' is reduced by succinate, whereas the cytochrome B is reduced by NADH. The E_??_7 values of the cytochromes at the associated state are +0.311 V (n=1) for cvtochrome c2+0.017V (n=1) for cytochrome cc' and -0.16V (n=2) for cytochrome B.
    3. The absorption spectrum of cytochrome cc' is significantly different between the free and the associated state. At the associated state, it is rather similar to that of the typical b-type cytochrome.
    4. One chromatophorc of the average size possesses 790 molecules of bacterio-chlorophyll, 440 molecules of ubiquinone-10, 78 molecules of rhrdoquinone, 5 mole-cules of cytochrome c2, 5 molecules of cytochrome cc', 5 molecules of cytochrome B, 360 atoms of non-heme iron, 2 molecules of FAD, 1 molecule of FMMIN, and 3, 100 atoms of lipid phosphorus.
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  • Reaction Mechanism of the Ca2+-dependent ATPase of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum from Skeletal Muscle
    V. Vectorial Requirements for Calcium and Magnesium Ions of Three Partial Reactions of ATPase: Formation and Decomposition of a Phosphorylated Intermediate and ATP-Formation from ADP
    Tohru KANAZAWA, Shinpei YAMADA, Taibo YAMAMOTO, Yuji TONOMURA
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 95-123
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    Three partial reactions of the Ca2+-Mg2+ dependent ATPase [ATP phosphohvdrolase, EC 3. 6. 1. 3] of fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum, i.e. formation and decomposition of a phosphorylated intermediate and ATP-formation from ADP and the intermediate, were separately investigated using a simple mixing apparatus, and the following results were obtained.
    1. When SR was phosphorylated with ATP at a low concentration in the presence of Mg2+ and Ca2+ under conditions where no transition of ATPase activity occurred (see 2), the concentration of phosphorylated protein (EP) increased rapidly with time without showing any lag phase, while P-liberation showed a definite pre-steady state which closely corresponded to the pen ci when the EP concentration was increasing. The observed time-course of P-liberation was in good agreement with that calculated from the observed time-course of EP-formation.
    2. Under usual conditions, the ratio cf the rate of P-liberation to the EP concen-tration, v/[EP], showed a pronounced transition from a high value in the initial phase to a low one in the steady state, closely corresponding to the decrease in the first-order rate constant of EP-decomposition, k_??_in the initial phase of the reaction. The value of v/[EP] in the steady state was in pood agreement with that of k_??_in the steady state.
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  • In vivo Metabolism of 3β, 7α-Dihydroxychol-5-enoic-[14C-24] Acid in Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
    Nobuo YAMAGA
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 125-131
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    3β, 7α-Dihydroxychol-5-enoic-[14C-24] acid was administered intraperitoneally to a carp and the bile was analyzed. As the major metabolites, cholic, allocholic and cheno-deoxvcholic acids were identified.
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  • Action of Pepsin on Synthetic Substrates
    I. Hydrolysis and Transpeptidation of Peptides Ranging from Glycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosine to Triglycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-tyrosine
    Shigeyuki TERADA, Seiji YOSHIDA, Nobuo IZUMIYA
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 133-142
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    A series of Glyn-Tyr-Tyr (n=1, 2 and 3) were synthesized, and the mode of action of pepsin [EC 3.4.4.1] on these substrates was studied. Analyses of products were made by applying a new assay method using an amino acid analyzer and by means of paper chromatography. The analyses of incubation mixture of Glyn-Tyr-Tyr (n=1-3) proved that in addition to the hydrolysis at a peptide bond of Tyr-Tyr sequence the substrates are subjected to a transpeptidation reaction. However, Gly-Tyr2 was remarkably less susceptible than Gly2- and Gly3-Tyr2. The mode of action of pepsin on known substrates, acetyl-Tyr-Tyr and benzyloxycarbonyl-Glu-Tyr. was also studied by the use of an amino acid analyzer.
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  • Hemocyanin from Dolabella auricularia
    I. Preparation and Properties
    Nobuo MAKINO
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 149-155
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    1. Hemocyanin was found in the hemolymph of Dolahc1la auricularia, an opistho-branchiate gastropod. The hemclymph c_??_stained about one percent by weight of hemocyanin and aimcst all the protein in the. hem_??_lymph was hem_??_cyanin. The copper content of a sample purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography was 0.228±0.012%, and from this the minimum molecular weight was calculated as 27, 900±1, 500.
    2. Analytical ultracentrifugation and electron miclCscopy revealed that the quater-nary structure of Dolahclla-hemocyanin is similar to that of hemocyanin from Busvcon canaliculatunr reported by Fernández-Morán ct al. (l). The molecule of Dolabclla-hemocyanin has a cylindrical structure (diameter, 350 Å; length, 170 Å to 850 Å).
    3. The amount of molecular oxygen liberated from oxyhemocyanin i n additif, n of KSCN was determined with a Clark oxygen electrode, and the oxygen binding capacity of Dolabella-hemocyanin was found to be one mole per two g-atoms of copper.
    4. The equilibrium between oxygen and hemocyanin was studied by measuring the absorbance change of hemocyanin at 347 mμ or 575 mμ and the change in concen-tration of free molecular oxygen with an oxygen electrode. The oxygen pressure at half saturation and the n-value in Hill's equation were found to be 6.2 mmHg and 1.9, respectively.
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  • Chemical Modification of Tyrosyl Residues of Stem Bromelain
    Kashiko GOTO, Noriko TAKAHASHI, Takashi MURACHI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 157-164
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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    The reactive sulfhydryl group of stem bromelain [EC 3. 4. 4. 24] was first blocked with tetrathionate, and then the enzyme was allowed to react with molar excess of tetranitromethane or N-acetylimidazole. The number of nitrated or acetylated tyrosyl residues increases as the molar ratio of modifying reagent to the enzyme protein increases, but it reaches a plateau at around 8 to 9 residues per molecule. This result is in good agreement with the previous conclusion obtained from spectro-photometric titration studies that 9 tyrosyl residues of stem bromelain are in the exposed state. When the enzymatic activity of nitrated or acetylated sample was compared with the activity of the unmodified enzyme, practically no change was found in catalytic activity on casein or on N-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester used as the substrate.
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  • Studies on Yeast Inorganic Pyrophosphatase, Purification and Amino Acid Composition
    Tahei NEGI, Masachika IRIE
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 165-168
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Properties of the Cytoplasmic Membrane of Bacillus megaterium KM Dissolve in Various Reagents
    Kengo SAKAGUCHI, Tsutomu YAMAGUCHI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 169-172
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Liver Amino Acid Pool may be Homogeneous with Respect to Protein Synthesis
    Kinji TSUKADA, Takako MORIYAMA, Irving LIEBERMAN
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 173-174
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Subcellular Localization of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    Isamu SHIMIZU, Jun NAGAI, Hiroshi HATANAKA, Eiki SAITO, Hirohiko KATSU ...
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 175-177
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Novel Protein(s) Linking DNA in Cultured Mouse Fibroblasts, Strain L•P3
    Toshiwo ANDOH, Toshinori IDE
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 179-182
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Isolation of Violet-colored Acid Phosphatase from Sweet Potato
    Kihachiro UEHARA, Sadaki FUJIMOTO, Takashi TANIGUCHI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 183-185
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Chemical Structure of Lipid A of Selenomonas ruminantium
    Yoshiyuki KAMIO, Kyo Chang KIM, Hajime TAKAHASHI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 187-191
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Conformation of Cytidine Group in the Complex of Pancreatic Ribonuclease A and Cytidine-2'-phosphate
    Tairo OSHIMA, Kazutomo IMAHORI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 193-195
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • A Change in Circular Dichroism Due to the Binding of Guanosine-3'-phosphate to Ribonuclease T1
    Tairo OSHIMA, Kazutomo IMAHORI
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 197-199
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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  • Characteristic Patterns Observed in Electron Microscopic Photos of Negatively Stained Yeast 80S Ribosomes
    Hiromi FUNAKOSHI, Koujiro ISO
    1971 Volume 70 Issue 1 Pages 201-204
    Published: July 25, 1971
    Released on J-STAGE: November 18, 2008
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