Dopamine (DA) is an essential neurotransmitter. However, it is a slippery molecule whose exact determinants of action are an area of limited knowledge. One major difficulty with DA research is that it is hydrophilic and thus does not permeate through biomembranes or barriers; a case in point in this regard is the impossibility of its systemic use in neurodegenerative brain disorders, like Parkinsonism.
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