国立科学博物館研究報告B類(植物学)
Online ISSN : 2434-0936
Print ISSN : 1881-9060
ISSN-L : 1881-9060
47 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の5件中1~5を表示しています
Articles
  • Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Yukito Tochihara, Hiyori Itagaki
    2021 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 115-117
    発行日: 2021/08/20
    公開日: 2021/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    Ten sets of specimens of fungi, each composed of ten taxa were prepared to introduce fungal biodiversity to overseas herbaria including CAS, CUP, DAVFP, FH, GZU, PDD, and TUR. The specimens are accompanied with cultures deposited in a culture collection, tissue samples, and extracted DNA samples when available.

  • Stephan W. Gale, Pankaj Kumar, Kit Wah Kit Lee, Tomohisa Yukawa
    2021 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 119-130
    発行日: 2021/08/20
    公開日: 2021/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    The recent discovery in Hong Kong of plants matching the description of Tropidia nipponica, a rhizomatous, leafy geophyte native to southwest Japan, Taiwan and parts of southern China, fomented a taxonomic investigation of this and morphologically similar members of Tropidia in subtropical East Asia. Following critical analysis of type specimens and other authentic fresh and preserved material from throughout the range of all relevant names, as well as consultation of protologues and all relevant literature, the Japanese endemic T. nipponica var. hachijoensis and two Taiwanese endemics T. angustifolia and T. sui are found to fall within the range of variation of T. nipponica, and are thus newly synonymised. The morphological characters previously used to distinguish these endemic taxa—in particular, plant stature, leaf shape, prominence of the sterile bract and stem sheaths, floral rachis length, synsepal outline and labellum epichile shape and ornamentation—are shown to vary continuously and thus be ineffective at separating them. A lectotype is designated to stabilise T. nipponica, and an amended description, as well as notes on phenology, ecology, global range, taxonomy and conservation status, are provided. The species is assessed as Vulnerable following IUCN Red List guidelines, due to small population size.

  • Chie Tsutsumi, Ayako Maeda, Atsushi Abe, Yumi Yamashita, Tomohisa ...
    2021 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 131-141
    発行日: 2021/08/20
    公開日: 2021/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    The taxonomy of Japanese Oberonia, particularly O. makinoi, has been confusing. Molecular analyses of Japanese Oberonia, including plants called “O. makinoi,” were performed. Phylogenetic trees deduced from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, the plastid matK with trnK introns, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data derived from MIG-seq show that “O. makinoi” collected from Shikoku and Kyushu is distinctive from the other species of Oberonia. The plants called “O. makinoi” differ from O. japonica in the leaf size and the flowering season. Furthermore, samples from the Ryukyus (Okinawa and Amami Islands) appear conspecific with, or closely related to “O. makinoi.” The taxonomic treatment of Japanese Oberonia requires further analyses using samples collected from central Japan and comparison to congeners in neighboring areas, particularly in Taiwan, where similar species are distributed.

  • Takayuki Mizuno, Yusuke Akita, Ayumi Uehara, Tsukasa Iwashina
    2021 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 143-151
    発行日: 2021/08/20
    公開日: 2021/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    Three anthocyanins, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, petunidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside, and petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and rosmarinic acid were isolated and identified from the flowers of three lungwort (Pulmonaria) cultivars. Composition of these compounds were quantitatively compared during two developmental stages, i.e. violet color in early flowering stage and blue color in later flowering stage. In addition, pH values of petal juices and flower color value were measured in both stages. Qualitative differences among three cultivars were observed in anthocyanins. However, qualitative and quantitative changes during development was not observed. Increase of rosmarinic acid was observed in one cultivar during development of the flowers. Notable alkalization was not revealed in vacuoles. These results mean that the flower bluing in these lungwort cultivars is not mediated by intramolecular copigmentation and alkalization of vacuole. Furthermore, we performed in vitro examination using the isolated anthocyanin, delphinidin 3-O-glucoside or petunidin 3-O-glucoside, and rosmarinic acid. As the results, it was shown that the absorption curves of the mixture solutions and intact petal did not match. Thus, it was suggested that the petal bluing after flowering may be due to intermolecular interaction which was influenced by metal ions.

  • Tsukasa Iwashina, Takayuki Mizuno
    2021 年 47 巻 3 号 p. 153-163
    発行日: 2021/08/20
    公開日: 2021/08/31
    ジャーナル フリー

    Further identification of 28 flavonoid powder and crystal samples which are deposited in Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan were performed by UV, LC-MS, and HPLC comparisons with authentic samples. They were isolated from the flowers of 21 cactus species by one of the authors (T. Iwashina) in 1978–1983. Almost samples were identified as quercetin 3-O-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-glucoside (rutin) which has previous been partially characterized as quercetin 3-O-rhamnosylglucoside. Other some samples were identified as quercetin 3-O-galactoside (hyperin), rarely isorhamnetin and kaempferol 3-O-rutinosides and 3-O-robinobiosides, and quercetin 3-methyl ether 7-O-glucoside. Although quercetin 3-O-galactoside has been reported by Iwashina and Ootani (1986), it was shown by HPLC survey in this survey that small amount of quercetin 3-O-glucoside (isoquercitrin) of which the presence was not shown in previous reports was accompanied in all samples of hyperin. Flavonoids in the flowers of Tephrocactus ferocior, Lobivia atrovirens, Rebutia paraguaiensis and Epiphyllum hybrida were reported in this survey for the first time.

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