Hymenostyliella llanosii (Müll.Hal.) H.Rob. known from India, Thailand, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea is newly reported from Myanmar. Based on the Myanmar material, a detailed morphological description, illustrations and ecological information are provided. The species is characterized by the long-lanceolate leaves with involute and distantly dentate leaf margins, adaxially bulging-mammillose and trigonous upper laminal cells. Diphyscium calcareum Dixon is proposed as a synonym of H. llanosii. The phylogenetic position of H. llanosii is inferred based on the Myanmar plants by the nuclear ITS sequences, and it was resolved in the clade corresponding to the tribe Pleuroweisieae, supporting morphological affinity to several genera of this tribe.

Freshwater red algal specimens that were collected from the streams or watercourses in Komagane City, Nagano Prefecture and Daisen Town, Tottori Prefecture, Japan were identified as Sheathia abscondita Stancheva, Sheath & M.L.Vis (Batrachospermaceae, Batrachospermales) using rbcL DNA analyses. This is the first record of the species from Japan. This species was segregated from the homocorticate species of Sheathia, S. arcuata (Kylin) Salomaki & M.L.Vis in 2020, mainly via DNA sequences based on materials from California, Washington and Hawaii, and therefore, S. abscondita didn’t have enough information on its distribution outside of U.S.A. The finding of this species from the two localities suggests that S. abscondita is hidden under “S. arcuata” reported from Japan so far, because this name tends to be used for most brown batrachospermacean algae based on limited morphological observations.

UTEX 664 [Navicula pelliculosa (Kütz.) Hilse], widely used for algal growth inhibition tests, is no longer available in algal culture collections. Two strains (UTEX 661=NIES-4280 and UTEX B 673=NIES-4281) listed as the same species with the same isolator are candidate alternatives to UTEX 664. We re-evaluated the two strains by scanning electron microscopy and a molecular phylogenetic analysis. We identified NIES-4280 as a new taxon, Mayamaea pseudoterrestris sp. nov. and identified NIES-4281 as M. terrestris. We also report Mayamaea permitis from freshwater rivers in Japan.

The taxonomy of Impatiens (Balsaminaceae) in Nepal is revised based on field research from 1983 to 2008 and a study of herbarium specimens. This paper is Part 2, treating two of the eight sections of Impatiens in Nepal, i.e. sections Racemosae and Sulcatae. Lectotypes for four species, I. drepanophora, I. glandulifera, I. insignis, and I. stenantha, are designated.

The effects of water depth and mesh size of sheltering nets on the survival of Eriocaulon heleocharioides (Eriocaulaceae), a wild extinct annual amphibious herb, were examined to construct suitable environmental conditions at the reintroduction site of this species. There was a clear difference in the number of surviving individuals between the water depth of −42 cm and −57 cm. The large mesh treatment was the most effective for the survival of this species, and the survival rate in the open treatment was higher than in the small mesh treatment. Since a large mesh can maintain a close connection with the surrounding environment, which possibly reduces the growth of blue-green algae, the large mesh treatment could be evaluated as an effective form of sheltering.

We assessed plausible linkages between floral variation and pollination-system diversity in the genus Asarum (sect. Heterotropa) by investigating the floral-visitor and floral-scent profiles of Asarum asaroides (C.Morren et Decne.) Makino, a large-flowered species endemic to western Japan. Using time-lapse photography and field collections of insects, we confirmed that multiple dipteran families visited A. asaroides. The fungus gnat Cordyla murina Winnertz, 1863 (Mycetophilidae), is likely the primary pollinator, since we observed repeated visits by this species at three spatially distinct sites. We also reassessed the previously posited primary pollinator of A. tamaense Makino and found that C. murina is in fact the likely primary pollinator of this species. The floral-scent profile of A. asaroides typically contains ethyl 3-methylcrotonate, 3-octanone, 3-octanol, safrole, and caryophyllene, and is strikingly different from that of A. tamaense, implying that different mechanisms underlie the attraction of C. murina to these closely related species.