A total of 17 species of three families (1 species of Tetraliidae, 2 species of Trapeziidae and 14 species of Xanthidae) are added to the crab fauna of the Ogasawara Islands, the oceanic islands at about 1,000 km south of Tokyo, Japan. Among 17 species, Etisus odhneri Takeda, 1972, and Garthiella aberrans (Rathbun, 1906) are new to the carcinological fauna of Japanese waters.

Based on the examination of new material, Neurotoma harai Shinohara, 1994, is synonymized with Neurotoma atrata Takeuchi, 1930. The larvae of Neurotoma atrata, Pamphilius komonensis Takeuchi, 1930, Armitarsus watanabei Shinohara, 2002, Periclista erythrogramma Togashi, 1999 and Periclista shiritakensis Togashi, 1999, are briefly described. New distribution records are Onycholyda esakii (Takeuchi, 1930) from Tottori Prefecture, Pamphilius komonensis from Ibaraki Prefecture and Tokushima Prefecture, Xiphydria camelus (Linné, 1758) from Tochigi Prefecture, and Pleroneura itoi Shinohara, 2016, from Miyazaki Prefecture and Kyushu. New host plant records are given for Neurotoma atrata, Onycholyda esakii, Onycholyda viriditibialis (Takeuchi, 1930), Pamphilius komonensis, Armitarsus watanabei, Empria takeuchii Prous and Heidemaa, 2011, Fagineura fulvistriata Hara, 2022, Fagineura glabella Hara, 2022, Fenusa dohrnii (Tischbein, 1846), Periclista erythrogramma, Periclista shiritakensis, Siobla ferox (Smith, 1874), Xiphydria camelus and Xiphydria eborata Konow, 1899. The host plants of Armitarsus watanabei and Periclista shiritakensis are recorded for the first time.

A mounted skin of unknown species belonging to genus Canis deposited in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo (NSMT) is certificated morphologically and bibliographically. The specimen label is described as ‘a kind of Yamainu’ and M831 of the Tokyo Imperial Household Museum collection, while the specimen catalog says that M831 was derived from an individual kept at Ueno Zoo and that it was disposed of after. This specimen seemed to be confused with another one. So, we examined the morphological characteristics of this specimen and traced the history of Canis sp. specimens of the Tokyo Imperial Household Museum collection and Canis sp. kept at Ueno Zoo. As a result, measurements of this mounted skin were reasonable to be within the range of specimens previously identified as Japanese wolves. We confirmed that this specimen is correctly labeled as M831. This specimen M831 was considered to be one of two wolves that arrived at Ueno Zoo from Iwate Prefecture, Japan, in 1888. Therefore, it is thought that this specimen is a Japanese wolf. This study may have revealed a new Japanese wolf skin specimen that had previously been overlooked.