Biomedical Research on Trace Elements
Online ISSN : 1880-1404
Print ISSN : 0916-717X
ISSN-L : 0916-717X
20 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の7件中1~7を表示しています
総説
  • 桜井 弘
    2009 年 20 巻 4 号 p. 257-262
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2013/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    This short article is based on a lecture, which celebrates the 20th Annual Meeting of Biomedical Research on Trace Element (BRTE) (Chairperson : Prof. Minoru Ikeda, Nihon University, School of Medicine) at Tokyo on July 2-3, 2009. After a short history on trace elements was described, the essential role of trace element research was confirmed from the view point of the abundance of number and the meaning of trace amount, which lead to the syntheses and inductions of specific metalloenzymes and metalloproteins. Particularly, recent progress on Zn was described in relation to the activation of immune system and development of nerve cell death such as Alzheimer's disease. Then the importance of the social role of the BRTE society to share the fruitful accomplishment from the members of the society with people was stressed as the possible role in the 21st century. Finally, the important research fields in the trace element in 21st century were pointed out from a personal viewpoint. First of all, the new term “Metallomics”, which was proposed by Prof. Hiroki Haraguchi, Nagoya University in 2004 and later has been developed to create a new journal “Metallomics” from the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) in 2009, was introduced. Metallomics covers all aspect of trace element research in modern science including not only the positive and negative roles of trace elements in human and animal but also the molecular biology. The development of metallopharmaceutics is also the front research field, where the use of Pt, Zn, V and radio-nuclides is introduced. The most essential field of metallomics is based on the accurate determination and biospeciation of trace elements, which will enable the bio-imaging of multiple elements in not only whole body but also the organs in human and animals and then a detailed insight to our life.
  • 渡辺 和彦
    2009 年 20 巻 4 号 p. 263-273
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2013/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    On comparison of the concentration of elements between plants and humans, there are not significant differences in calcium and iron. However, the concentration of boron in plants is 140 times higher than that in humans, and that of silicon is 35 times higher. High concentrations of boron and silicon are included in agricultural products but not in fish or meat. Therefore, humans depend on vegetables and cereal crops in order to ingest silicon and boron. Since silicon and boron are useful for improving human bone density, it could be considered that the source of a healthy body rests with soil improvement agents and fertilizers used to grow agricultural products. Recently, however, the manganese, zinc and copper contents of the agricultural products in Japan are have decreased. Our research in Hyogo Prefecture has found that compost for organic cultivation alone does not supply elements due to the mechanism of microorganism, thereby reducing the concentration of manganese in plants. It is supposed that copper combines with organic matter and zinc becomes insoluble with phosphorus. Compost contains a lot of these trace elements, but they are not as available as we had expected. Efficient application methods for the trace elements including foliar and seed treatments have already been established. It is important to provide advice that these trace elements need to be applied to growing plants along with compost.
  • Kan Usuda, Koichi Kono, Tomotaro Dote, Misuzu Watanabe, Hiroyasu Shimi ...
    2009 年 20 巻 4 号 p. 274-283
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2013/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Fluoride is a naturally occurring trace element whose health effect of essentiality and toxicity in humans still remains controversial. Its compounds are extraordinary high strategic chemicals with unique physico-chemical properties that make them indispensable in recent high technology industries. Thus, fluoride related health problems appear in various situations of our clinical, nutritional, industrial and environmental activities.
    In the past 15 years, the author's group analyzed fluoride concentrations of fluid samples obtained from healthy adults, patients undergoing hemodialysis, fluoride-exposed animal models, workers suffered hydrofluoric acid exposure, commercial bottled mineral water and groundwater by means of a fluoride ion selective electrode.
    This review article describes urinary fluoride reference value, insufficient fluoride removal during dialysis session, fluoride induced renal toxicity, occupational fluoride exposure, fluoride content in commercial bottled water and endemic dental fluorosis in India including recent work from the first author's laboratory. In addition, the article discusses the potential health risk of fluoride, particularly in industrial workers, young children and elderly people.
  • 横井 克彦
    2009 年 20 巻 4 号 p. 284-295
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2013/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Zinc deficiency is worldwide and one of the most important public health problems in the world. This review contains a concise history of the discovery of human zinc deficiency to promote understanding of the importance of zinc kinetics, and the further methodological development of zinc kinetic analysis using radioisotopes and stable isotopes with a special emphasis on the estimation of the critical value for plasma zinc in humans. A brief history of diagnosis of iron deficiency is also discussed, because zinc and iron nutriture was revealed to be associated in humans due to the common food factors. Based on nonlinear regression analysis with a broken-line model of the relationship between plasma zinc and the lesser peripheral zinc pool size, candidates of the critical value for plasma zinc were proposed. After the scientific evaluation by the Nutrition and Toxicity Evaluation Committee, Japan Society for Biomedical Research on Trace Elements formed in 2008 a diagnostic criterion for human zinc deficiency : 80 µg/dL of plasma or serum zinc as a lower limit of normal zinc status at the condition of the forenoon collection. Co-occurrence of mild deficiencies of iron and zinc was discovered from young American women using zinc kinetic analysis as a survey tool. The co-occurrence was explained by the common food factors : beef or red meat as a common source of bioavailable iron and zinc, and bran breakfast cereals as a source of phytate, a potent absorption inhibitor for both iron and zinc. Menorrhagia (heavy menstrual blood loss) as detected by bleeding through menstrual pads was a negative predictor for both iron and zinc nutriture for women. Although vitamin C is a potent enhancer of iron absorption, several studies including zinc kinetic analysis found that excessive vitamin C may impair zinc status by a potential inhibition of zinc absorption through complexation with zinc. Overall, outcomes of zinc kinetic studies are expected to contribute to understanding of zinc nutrition and metabolism and to treatment of zinc deficiency in humans.
原著
  • Ken-ichi Tomiyama, Takao Kuriyama, Yasutaka Ogawa, Yasuaki Arakawa
    2009 年 20 巻 4 号 p. 296-306
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2013/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this study, we examined the effect of tributyltin chloride (TBTC) on astrocytes that act as a blood-brain barrier. After exposure to 1 µM TBTC, RCR-1 cells (a rat astrocytoma cell line) induced apoptosis, such as caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation. TBTC exposure also induced excessive increases in intracellular calcium in RCR-1 cells, at which time calcium from cytosol was remarkably transferred to the nuclei. TBTC-induced apoptosis was suppressed when RCR- 1 cells were incubated in Dulbecco's Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS) buffer without calcium, or were pretreated with BAPTA-AM (1,2-bis-(o-aminophenoxy)-ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester), an intracellular calcium chelator. Furthermore, significant activation of calpain was associated with calcium-dependent enzyme action and an increase of intracellular calcium was confirmed in TBTC-exposed RCR-1 cells. On the other hand, calpain activation was suppressed in the absence of both extracellular and intracellular calcium. These results indicate the presence of a TBTC-induced calcium-dependent apoptotic pathway in RCR-1 cells. In conclusion, the current results suggest that increased TBTC transfer to brain tissue, such as with various brain disorders is due to the loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability caused by TBTC-induced apoptosis in astrocytes.
速報
  • 今西 将史, 土手 友太郎, 山鳥 江美, 河野 公一
    2009 年 20 巻 4 号 p. 307-309
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2013/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to reveal the mechanism of acute lethal accident after the exposure of human on face to a diluted solution of hydrofluoric acid (HFA). Particles of HFA solution and saline (50 µL) were intratracheally (i.t.) sprayed to rats using an aerosol generator as examples of inhalation exposure to HFA and control, respectively. A lethal dose (LD) study showed that the 24 h LD50 i.t. and LD99i.t. were 0.58 and 1.92 mg/kg, respectively ; 1.92 mg/kg can cause mortality within several hours after the exposure to satisfy the model of the accident. The blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues were sampled 1 h after the i.t. administration of HFA (1.92 mg/kg) and saline for the biological exposure and effect monitoring. Blood parameters indicated severe respiratory acidosis without apparent abnormalities of serum electrolytes. Semiquantitative grading of pathohistological findings revealed that there were mild hemorrhage and effusion in alveolar spaces in the HFA group. The level of surfactant protein D in the BALF of the HFA group was much lower than that of the control. It was considered that the respiratory failure would be mainly due to the deficiency of the surface acting agent in the alveolus caused by the retained HFA in the alveolar spaces. Hyperpotacemia and hypocalcemia were the main causes of mortalities in many clinical cases after HFA exposure. However, it was confirmed that the strong mortality after the inhalation of HFA aerosols could be derived from the pulmonary dysfunction without abnormalities of serum electrolytes in this study.
  • 吉田 香, 寺本 敬子, 魏 民, 北村 真理, 川添 禎浩
    2009 年 20 巻 4 号 p. 310-315
    発行日: 2009年
    公開日: 2013/09/09
    ジャーナル フリー
    Aluminium (Al) and manganese (Mn) are known to have neurotoxic effects. The risk of excessive intake of Al and Mn is increased by trace elements in food and in dietary supplements. Mn and Al in dietary supplements were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Some supplements of botanical or animal origin contained high concentrations of Al and Mn. To study the effects of chronic exposure to Al and/or Mn on animal behavior, these substances were administered to aged mice for 43 weeks in drinking water. The mice were divided into seven groups: (1) control; (2) 1000 mgAl/L aluminium lactate solution (AL1000); (3) 10 mgAl/L aluminium lactate solution (AL10); (4) 1000 mgMn/L manganese chloride solution (MC1000); (5) 10 mgMn/L manganese chloride solution (MC10); (6) 500 mgAl/L aluminium lactate plus 500 mgMn/L manganese chloride solution (AL+MC500) (7) 10 mgAl/L aluminium lactate plus 10 mgMn/L manganese chloride solution (AL+MC10). The wheel-running activity of the mice was monitored twice a week in 10 min segments for 43 weeks. Chronic exposure to AL10, MC10 and AL+MC10 was found to inhibit wheel-running activity.
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