Current SETI ideas agree the mean life of civilization is the decisive factor governing the possibility of any two Civilizations meet. Astronomy occupies very large share in scientific curiousities of human individuals but not in scientific education or research investments in human societies. The former indicates the human being is designed to build a civilization that may last until meeting another civilization while the latter does the opposite. Role of a human individual as a cell in organizations that build up the civilization is discussed.

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Current SETI ideas agree the mean life of civilization is the decisive factor governing the possibility of any two Civilizations meet. Astronomy occupies very large share in scientific curiousities of human individuals but not in scientific education or research investments in human societies. The former indicates the human being is designed to build a civilization that may last until meeting another civilization while the latter does the opposite. Role of a human individual as a cell in organizations that build up the civilization is discussed.

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As weIl known, World-wide trend regarding space transportation system has begun to change from the utilization of U.S. Shuttle to the development of their own transportaion system such as Hotol, Hermes and Sanger project in order to keep their freedom of space activities under their own rights since the space shuttle tragedy occured. In order to keep the freedom of own space activities, not only space transportation system, but also various orbital facilities such as their own platform, their own space station and so on, so called space infrastructure, should be constructed and operated. Author forecasts Japanese manned space activities in future and proposes to construct Japanese manned facilities with artificial gravity for easing the crew of pain related with space symptoms and for expanding research activities from earth bound flight to planetary flight and describes various technological problems regarding EVA suits, the life support system in future activities and also the psychological problems of long duration stay in space.

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Possible influences of the gravity on the early development of frog eggs were reviewed. Influences of the gravity can be analyzed by gravity-perturbation experiments, such as rotation or inversion, simulated weightlessness (clinostated), and centrifugation (hypergravity) experiments. Completely inverted eggs failed to develop the normal dorsal-ventral polarity and resulted in permanent blastulae. Incompletely inverted or rotated eggs developed to "norma1" tadpoles, while the number of the primordial germ cells was greatly reduced. Centrifugation of the fertilized eggs caused a modification of the future dorsal-ventral polarity, and in some cases caused twinning (double embryo formation). The biological significance of the gravity during the early development of frog eggs were discussed.

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Space energetics has been assigned to a major field of engineering science in space. It relates to important components of infrastructure for future utilization of space and its civilization. Solar Power Satellite (SPS) is one of targets which will be developed in the next century. This project concerns with energy environment problems on earth. Solar power is converted to electric power on orbit and transmitted to ground. This "clean" energy is supposed to eliminate global change of atmospheric environment caused by the usage of fossil fuels. The green house effects at increased carbon dioxide concentration will bring catastrophic change of thermal structure in atmosphere near future. Key technologies for SPS is now planned to be developed. The project named Space Energetics and Environment Laboratory (SEEL) was proposed to be implemented on the space station, now on a free flyer, SFU. SEEL is composed of several experiments, such as Space Plasma, Electric Propulsion, Space Radar, Microwave Power Transmission, and Space Laser.Deployment and dynamical control of large structure in space, electric power generation by solar heat engines, and many related experiments make up a technology package for space energetics. Among these experiments listed above, evaluation of environmental effects caused by SPS is an important part of our study. Working group on SPS was established in ISAS last year. It organizes research programs relevant to SPS development. One of subgroups of this working group is dedicated to ''Biology and Ecology". Programatics of Japanese SPS, macroeconomic aspects and other issues of SPS have been discussed at ISAS Space Energy Symposium and other places. Assessment of SPS was once performed by DOE and NASA. Points of finding and needs of further studies were described in their reports published under the name of SPS Concept Development and Evaluation Program. With their reference system, biological and ecological systems are exposed to microwave radiation. Biological effects of microwave radiation are not well known. Safety standards for exposure of man under high frequency electromagnetic fields differs in many countries.Mechanism of microwave acting on biological organisms has been remained to be answered. Methodology of risk assessment for long term exposure with weak microwave should be also established. It is suggested to promote systematic research on the biological and ecological effects of microvave. In societal assessment, there are several problems which originate in nationality. Siting of rectina in Japan might be offshore, because of its small land area and high population density. Such a domestic features should be also considered in our study. Involvement of biologists is strongly requested at the beginning of Japanese SPS project. Their participation is important to break down work and to define requirements for the activity of SPS working group. On the other hand, SPS might open another curiosity of biologist on interaction of electromagnetism and living systems.

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In the afternoon of December 8, l987, a seminar titled somewhat like "EVERYTHING YOU WOULD LIKE TO KNOW ABOUT BIOSPHERE II" was held at Hotel New Otani, Tokyo. Biosphere II project is a plan to construct in a much reduced physical scale a materially closed structure that contains four terrestrial biomes, an ocean, a cultivated area, and an urban area with eight inhabitants. It covers about 9OOO m2 of Arizona desert. The project itself is certainly very interesting and significant from viewpoint of biospherics. The seminar, however, provided very little of academic substance. Its content betrayed the audience's expectations from its title.

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