1) Isoelectric points of the guinea pig complement components except Cl and of the C3 inactivator were determined systematically by electrofocusing method. The isoelectric points of the guinea pig complement components were as follow: C4, 5.90; C2, 5.30; C3, 6.25; C5, 5.10; C6, 6.63; C7, 5.78; C8, 6.34; C9, 5.18; and C3 inactivator, 6.45. 2) The distribution curve of each component of the whole guinea pig serum, except Cl, C4 and C2, was a single-peak curve and symmetrical. The discontinuity of these complement components was not observed. 3) The distribution curve of the purified guinea pig complement components, except Cl, and of the C3 inactivator was also of a single-peak curve and symmetrical. 4) It was proved that the electrofocusing meth od was useful for the separation of guinea pig complement components.

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Electron microscopic observation of Harding-Passey mouse melanoma revealed that melanoma consisted of melanocyte, melanophage, and the third-type cell. The third-type cell appeared to possess two functions; melanosome production and containing melanosomes in the form of melanosome complex. Since the melanosome complex is though t to be a kind of phagosome, it is assumed that, in melanoma, melanocyte per se alters to the third-type cell producing autophagosome; melanosome complex as it becomes old. Lysosomal enzyme activities of melanoma were found to be distributed among the supernatant, microsome, and mitochondrial fractions. The latency of lysosomal enzymes of melanoma was investigated. The cathepsin activity increased by deoxycholate treatment and under the hypotonic condition, but the acid phosphatase activity showed no latency. The relation between melanoma growth and lysosomal enzyme activities was investigated. All enzyme activities determined showed roughly parallel increase with the tumor growth up to the certain stage, and then the cathepsin activity fell down at the late stage, and that of tyrosinase and succinic dehydrogenase also decrease. The acid phosphatase activity, on the other hand, was rather steady. Necrosis of the melanoma at the late stage might not only be due to the lysosomal activities in the third-type cells but to the general deterioration of activity in tumor tissue.

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The lymphatic capillary can be differentiated with certain ty from the blood capillary or the postcapillary venule and identified only by means of electron microscope. The author observed the ultrastructure of the cutaneous and renal lymphatic and studied the functions under the pathological conditions produced experimentally, such as edema, trauma with or without foreign body and osmotic nephrosis. The lymphatic capillary was characterized by its irregular contour, the presence of luminal and abluminal projections of the endothelia, rich collagen fibers, bundles and fibrils around the vessels, absent or scanty basement membrane and loose endothelial junctions. In the lumen, there were found frequently fine electron dense particles, fibrin and myelin-like structures and rarely blood cells and destroyed cells after microinjection. Some endothelial junctions were opened when sucrose or saline solution was injected and dextran was administered. In case of charcoal injection, the junctions were closed. Some charcoal particles were attached to the lymphatic wall and found in the lumina or in the cytoplasma of the endothelium. Interstitial edema was always observed. The microinjection of Chinese ink was the best method to investigate the lymphatic. Fluid, fibrin, foreign bodies, various cells and destroyed cellls are transported through the lymphatic; thus lymphatics are thought to play an important role in the removal of edema, foreign bodies and the healing of wound or hemorrhage.

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For the purpose of analyzing the effect of removable partial denture design on lateral force distribution, this investigation was accomplished by determining the amount of the excursion of the abutment teeth resulting from the application of lateral force while a partial denture is placed on a simulated model which was constructed of methyl methacrylate and Silicone rubber. Special devices for measuring tooth mobility were used. These data were compared with the results from intra-oral experiments that had been reported by the present authors. Its results were as follows: (i) Lateral force directly applied against the abutment teeth was markedly reduced by wearing of the removable partial dentures. (ii) The abutment tooth nearest the denture saddle generally received the highest value of the force distribution. (iii)The bilateral denture design was highly effective for increasing the resistance against lateral force. (iv) The T-type clasp bas soft bracing action against lateral force distributions.

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For the purpose of investigating the developmental process of the periodontal membrane and the physiologic tooth movement, 44 female rats were sacrificed. They were examined roentgenologically and histologically by several staining methods to differentiate the precollagenous and collagenous fibers. The findings were as follow: 1. The different stages and patterns of maturation of the periodontal membrane of the maxillary first molars are described in the rats. 2. The intermediate plexus which was splicing the fiber bundles of the outer and inner zones was confirmed. 3. The fiber bundles in the outer zone were less in number and larger in diameter than those in the inner zone. 4. Four sites of active collagen formation were pointed out: (1) The root bifurcation area, (2) The root apex area, (3) The intermediate zone, and (4) The alveolar bone resorption area on the distal side. 5. Many anastomoses of fiber bundles were observed on the alveolar bone surface of the mesial side. 6. The maxillary molars erupted and drifted distally during the period from birth to 210 days of age. The distal drifting was accomplished by the apposition of the alveolar bone on the mesial side and resorption of the bone on the distal side of the roots.

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For the purpose of studying the remodelling proιess of the periodontal tissues in relation to the experimental tooth movement, the orthodontic elastics were applied to 53 female rats. These elastics were inserted into the interproximal space between the maxillary right first and second molars. The animals were investigated roentgenologically and histologically by several staining methods to differentiate the precollagenous and collagenous fibers. The time course of displacement of the first molar was recorded. Findings were as follows: 1. Remodelling process on the pressure side was characterized by the hyalinization of the periodontal membrane and its replacement by the granulation tissue, which was followed by the regeneration of the periodontal fibers before 21 days. The granulation tissue was observed also in the lacunae formed by the bone resorption. 2. On the tension side, the regeneration of the stretched fibers was achieved by the proliferation of the fibroblasts and new fiber formation. Trabecular structures of bone were observed along the stretched fiber bundles. 3. Two phases of spurts were observed on the time course of the displacement of the first molar: (1) A spur t, which seemed to be related with the viscoelastic properties of the periodontal tissues, took place up till six hours after insertion of elastics. (2) A spurt, which resulted from the histologic changes or the remodelling of the periodontal tissues, was seen after 17 hours.

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