Femtosecond near infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the study of dynamical processes of the gap states such as solitons, polarons, and bipolarons in the quasi-one dimensional systems like conjugated polymers, charge-transfer complexes, and mixed valence metal halogen complexes. In the present review article the method and principle of ultrafast near-infrared spectroscopy are described with a stress on a new spectroscopic system developed recently in the authors group.It has a probe light in near infrared which is obtained by the parametric-mixing interaction between a mode-locked Ti: sapphire laser and the femtosecond continuum generated by the self-phase modulation of the laser. Femtosecond absorption spectrum of a poly-phenylacetylene derivative is shown as an example.
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