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Volume 30, Issue 11
Displaying 1-20 of 20 articles from this issue
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Yoshiaki OKAJIMA, Katsuhisa USAMI1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 691-696
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAuger electron spectroscopy (AES) is commonly used in conjunction with inert gas sputter ethcing to obtain depth profiles of the compositional variation in thin films, but is generally used in semiquantitative way. While relative elemental sensitivities are calculated from the ratios of the measured Auger peak amplitudes to those of pure materials, surface roughness and the variation in working condition affect Auger peak amplitudes and influence the accurary of the method. In the present study, elemental sensitivities were determined experimentally by the measurement of the depth variation of the signal intensity in a thin film vacuum deposited on a silicon which was polished like a mirror. In the measurement of depth variation of the signal intensity, ion bombardment decreases the amplitude of the Auger peak whose energy is less than about 200 eV. Therefore, the KLL Auger peak of silicon was used as a standard and the Auger peaks above 200 eV were selected as measurement peaks for other elements. Relative sensitivities for the detection of Ni, Cr, Al and Au were calculated from the ratio of measured Auger peak amplitudes to those of silicon. The elemental sensitivities were used for quantitative analyses of Ni-Al, Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Au alloy films deposited in vacuum. The analytical values obtained were compared with those obtained by chemical analyses. The values determined by the two methods agreed within ±100%.View full abstractDownload PDF (920K) -
Shigeru SATO, Mikio TAMURA, Kyoichi MIYAZAKI1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 697-700
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe direct sampling method with use of a vacuum bottle has been widely used for sampling harmful substances in atmosphere and chemicals under work environment. This method is useful for the instantaneous sampling, but has some disadvantages: it takes rather long time to evacuate the bottle whose vacuum is difficult to be kept for long time. To solve this problem, we investigated an inert gas substitution sampling method based on the utilization of the difference of gas specific gravity : the sample bottle was preliminaily filled with helium gas and at sampling we opened two silicon rubber stoppers at both the necks of the bottle, keeping it perpendicularly. With this procedure we can sponteneously substitute sample gas for helium gas (Helium gas is 7.24 times smaller in the specific gravity than the air). The experimental result on a sampling bottle of 200 ml in volume and 4.5 mm in opening diameter showed that 3 min were good enough to substitute helium completely in practice and no leak of the helium gas in the bottle was observed even after allowing it to stand for 10 d. The present method is simpler and more reliable than the vacuum bottle method, hence more practical for sampling hydrocarbons or inorganic gases in the atmosphere.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K) -
Kenichi IKEDA, Seiichiro HIGUCHI, Shigeyuki TANAKA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 701-705
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe resonance Raman effect was applied to the determination of aromatic amines. The aromatic amines must be derivatized beforehand to dye compounds which fulfil the resonance Raman condition, because the amines hardly have the absorption bands in the visible region. Three derivatizing methods (p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, 1-naphthol method and 2-naphthol method) were examined to make dye compounds with the absorption bands at about 500 nm. The p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method was unsuitable, as the derivatives produced by the method emitted the strong fluorescence, when illuminated by the laser light. The 1-naphthol method gave the best resonance Raman spectra. Although the aromatic amines (aniline, o-toluidine, m-toluidine, p- toluidine, o-chloroaniline, m-chloroaniline, p-chloroaniline, o-nitroaniline, m-nitroaniline, p-nitroaniline and 1-naphthylamine), after derivatized by the 1-naphthol method, give in general similar resonance Raman spectra, they can be readily distinguished even at a low concentration level of 100 ppb by comparing the patterns of the spectra in (10001500)cm-1 region. The calibration curve of aniline is linear from 0.01 ppm to 1.0 ppm, when the relative intensities of the key band (1385 cm-1) to ν2 of H2O (1640 cm-1) are used. The detection limit is (416)ppb (SN=5), about 5 times better than that of the colorimetric method (cell width 10 mm, detection limit of absorbance 0.005). The simultaneous determination of o-nitroaniline and m-nitroaniline was examined and two components were detected at a level down to 0.25 ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (743K) -
Jun SAITO, Shozo TODA, Shigeyuki TANAKA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 706-711
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField desorption mass spectrometry is one of the best methods to investigate the reaction mechanism with the observation on molecular weights of all species in a sample such as oligomer. In this paper, we have applied this method to analysis of radical telomerization mechanism of styrene oligomer synthesized with t-dodecyl melcaptane (t-DM) as a chain transfer agent. The mass spectra consist of a series of molecular ion peaks at every 104 mass units corresponding to the styrene oligomers as shown by 202+104n (n: degree of polymerization). The ion peak patterns suggest that dehydration from the t-DM group in the propagation chain radical and the reinitiating reaction by the fragment radical of t-DM are predominant in this telomerization. By the observation of another series of molecular ion peaks (69+104n) it was suggested that fragment radicals of azobisisobutylonitrile initiated the chain transfer reaction. The other series of ion peaks (201+104n) might show a probability of the recombination termination between the propagating radicals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1038K) -
Iwao ABE, Keiji IZUMI, Shigefumi KURAMOTO, Soichiro MUSHA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 711-714
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain the basic data for a relationship between age and D/L ratio of amino acids in a sample passed through the geochronological terms, a few fossil trees was chemically treated as described below and analysed by gas chromatography using glass capillary column. First, fossil tree, which was cleanly washed and pulverized finely, was carefully heated in 6 N HCl at 110°C for 20 h to hydrolyse the peptides into free amino acids. After cenrifugation of the product at room temperature, the upper clear solution was passed through the ion exchange resin column to take out free amino acids from others. Next, the solvent was evaporated to dryness and the residue was derivatized into N(O)-trifluoroacetyl isopropylester, followed by gas chromatography with Chirasil-Val glass capillary column to resolve enantiomers. Fossil tree shows that the older the age, the larger the D/L ratio of amino acids in the sample, that is, racemization is clearly increased with ages. The reliable data for racemization rate constant and so on was obtained with good coefficient of variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (566K) -
Yasunobu SAKANE, Ken-ichiro SAITO, Kiyoshi MATSUMOTO, Yutaka OSAJIMA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 715-719
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA combined thin layer chromatography-ESR method was developed for the determination of copper(II) and vanadyl(IV). Cu(II) and VO2+ were extracted from 50 ml of aqueous solution(pH 2.5) into 2 ml of 1:1 acetylacetone-chloroform as their acetylacetone-chelates. Two chelates should have been separated more than 25 mm on a silica gel thin-layer (2.5 mm×70 mm) so that Cu(acac)2 might have not affected the ESR spectrum of VO(acac)2 and vice versa. The most favorable method was as follows : Five μl of the extract was loaded on the thin-layer and developed with 1 : 2 mixture of isopentane and chloroform for 25 min. This procedure made VO(acac)2 held on the original spot and Cu(acac)2 focussed on a spot with a length of 1 mm, which was more than 25 mm away from the original spot. The thin-layer was then placed into a quartz capillary tube of internal diameter of 3 mm and analyzed one by one with ESR (a 100 kHz field moduration for the X-band). Calibration curves were constructed by plotting resonance intensities divided by instrumental amplitudes against concentrations in logarithmic scale, and were linear within a range of 10-2 M to 10-5 M for Cu(II) and 10-2 M to 10-4 M for VO2+. Al(III), Cr(III), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) did not interfere the determination of Cu(II) and VO2+, but Fe(III) severely did. The coefficient of variation in the measurement of Cu(II) was 1.87 % at a level of 10-4 M and that of VO2+ was 1.66 % at 10-3 M.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
Kazuyoshi TAKIYAMA, Yuko ISHII, Ikuko KAMATA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 720-722
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rate of the precipitation of lead oxinate from homogeneous solution containing 8-acetoxyquinoline was investigated. The pH of the lead solution was adjusted to 9 with citrate-borate buffer and the solution was stirred at 25°C. After adding the solution of 8-acetoxyquinoline in acetone, the concentration of lead ion remained in the solution was determined at appropriate intervals of time by atomic absorption spectrometry. The rate of oxinate formation showed a maximum at (1015) min from the beginning of the reaction and after that the precipitation of the oxinate proceeded again with the progress of the hydrolysis of the 8-acetoxyquinoline. During this secondary precipitation process, the rate was independent of the initial concentration of lead.The oxinate crystals appeared initially as hexagonal plates and then transformed to needle crystals by dissolution followed by the next deposition. Such a transformation process would result in a decrease of the amounts of the oxinate. It was also found that lead ion or the oxinate did not affect the rate of hydrolysis of 8-acetoxyquinoline. Thus the amounts of the oxiante should be less than a half of moles of oxine produced and the the secondary precipitation rate should be the same even if the initial concentration of lead were different.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Koji SUZUKI, Hitoshi ISHIWADA, Kazuhiko SAITO, Tsuneo SHIRAI1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 722-726
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA miniaturized reference electrode called a polymer membrane reference electrode (PMRE) was designed and constructed according to the constitution of a second kind silver-sirver chloride electrode. The stickshaped electrode having about 2 mm outer diameter consists of a silver paste coated-copper wire as a conductive substrate and three coating layers of silver chloride (AgCl), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) incorporating potassium chloride (KCl) fine powder and epoxy resin. These layers were formed on the substrate according to the order above. The appropriate thicknesses of these layers were 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The optimum mixing weight ratio of the PVC to KCl powder was 1/3. Advantages of PMRE are easy and inexpensive fabrication, strong mechanical stregth, dry storage and long life time (most of the electrodes are still functioning after 4 months' use). The response potential stability as a reference electrode and potential changes of PMRE on pH and temperature were almost the same as those obtained by using a commercial silver-silver chloride reference electrode.View full abstractDownload PDF (876K) -
Kousaburo OHASHI, Hiroyuki NAKAZAWA, Toshie ENOMOTO, Katumi YAMAMOTO1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 727-731
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: January 18, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation of heteropoly blue from pyrophosphate and the simultaneous determinations of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate were studied spectrophotometrically. The maximum and constant color development was obtained in the perchloric acid concentration range from 0.36 M to 0.40 M with 1.74 × 10-3 M Mo(V) and 3.84 × 10-3 M Mo(VI) by heating the solution for 30 min at 80 °C. The color development obeyed Beer's law in the pyrophosphate concentration range from 2.00 × 10-6 M to 2.80 × 10-5 M. The molar extinction coefficient at 825 nm was calculated to be 2.82 × 104 dm3 mol-1 cm-1. The absorption spectrum of heteropoly blue from pyrophosphate was fairly different from that of orthophosphate, so that separatory determination could be achieved. The procedure for the simultaneous determination of orthophosphate and pyrophosphate is as follows: The solution containing orthophosphate and pyrophosphate was heated with the mixture of 1.74 × 10-3 M Mo(V) and 3.84 × 10-3 M Mo(VI) in 0.40 M HClO4 at 80 °C for 30 min. The absorbances were measured at 700 nm and 750 nm. Orthophosphate and pyrophosphate were determined using the known molar extinction coefficients of heteropoly blues from orthophosphate and pyrophosphate at 700 nm and 750 nm. P2O74- of (4.00 × 10-62.40× 10-5)M and PO43- of (4.00 × 10-62.40 × 10-5)M could be determined within 6% relative error. Below 0.36 M HClO4 the solubility of heteropoly blue from pyrophosphate was very small and heteropoly blue precipitated quantitatively at 0.28 M HClO4 for standing at 0 °C for 60 min. Based on this phenomenon the method for the determination of orthophosphate in the presence of pyrophosphate is also described.View full abstractDownload PDF (801K) -
2-Pyridinealdehyde-2'-hydroxynaphthylamine as an indicator in complexometric titration of copper(II)Kazuyo ISAGAI, Kiyoharu ISAGAI, Kazue YAMASAKI1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 731-736
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS2-Pyridinealdehyde-2'-hydroxynaphthylamine(PHN) which is hardly soluble in water but soluble in alcohol has been used for the spectrophotometric determination of copper(II). Since PHN forms water soluble, reddish-orange complex with copper(II) and the color of this copper complex diminishes by addition of EDTA solution, use of PHN as an indicator for the titration of copper(II) with EDTA solution is proposed. At first, the acid dissociation constants of PHN were determined at 25°C, μ=0.1, and pK1 and pK2 were obtained to be 3.75 and 8.25, respectively. Also the formation constant of the copper complex was estimated as 5.0 × 109. Therefore, PHN can be used as an indicator in the pH range 3.54.5. The color at the end point in titration turns from reddish-orange to light blue and the equivalence point was indicated sharply. PHN may be used as an indicator like as the familiar reagents such as 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol(PAN), 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN) and 4-(2-thiazolylazo)-resorcinol(TAR). The conditional formation constants of copper PHN complex and copper EDTA complex at pH 4 were evaluated as 1.8 × 105 and 2.3 × 1010, respectively. Using these values, the relationship between the ratio of metal titrated and the change in color was obtained. The result shows that color change is visually sharp at the end point when 2 to 4 drops of 0.5 % PHN solution in alcohol are added to the sample solution. The order of interference by diverse ions is iron> zinc> cadmium> nickel> cobalt.View full abstractDownload PDF (1004K) -
A fundamental study of the determination of serum bilirubin by the method of Jendrassik and CleghornYukio MANABE1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 736-740
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA separative determination of free and conjugated bilirubin in serum is described, using conjugated bilirubin purified by the new method (in contribution to Bunseki Kagaku Section E) and commercially available free bilirubin dissolved in a human albumin solution. The results obtained were as follows (1) The absorbance of the azo dye obtained from conjugated bilirubin by the reaction for 30 min with and without accelerator, showed the equal value. (2) The absorbance of the azo dye obtained from free bilirubin without accelerator was 15 % against that with accelerator. (3) Equal absorbance of the azo dye was obtained for equal concentration of free and conjugated bilirubin. Consequently the procedure was modified as follows : (1) Commercially available free bilirubin dissolved in a human albumin solution is used as a standard solution. (2) The absorbance is measured after 30 min of the reaction both with and without accelerator. (3) The absorbance for conjugated bilirubin (C) is calculated as follows : C=1.18D-0.18T (D : measured absorbance without accelerator, T : with accelerator). (4) The absorbance measured with accelerator is used as that for total bilirubin.View full abstractDownload PDF (772K) -
Toshio YAO, Masaru AKINO, Soichiro MUSHA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 740-744
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDithiocharbamate bonded silica gel was used to preconcentrate mercury ions present in aqueous solutions in the concentration level of pg ml-1. Several amino groups were chemically bonded on silica gel by using silylation reagents and then were converted to the dithiocarbamates. These immobilized chelates, whose capacities were about 0.6 mmol g-1, were evaluated for their ability to preconcentrate metal ions under various pH conditions. These meterials were useful for the selective preconcentration of metal ions, especially of mercury ions. Small sized quartz columns were packed with 50 mg of the dithiocarbamate bonded silica gel and a sample solution was passed through the column at a flow rate of 30 ml min-1. Then the column was directly inserted in the furnace of a Zeeman Effect Mercury Analyzer and total mercury (inorganic and organic mercurys) contents were determined. The detection limit of this method was 0.9 pg ml-1 when 1 l of sample solution was applied, with a relatively standard deviation of less than 4 %.View full abstractDownload PDF (732K) -
Minoru KOGA, Takashi AKIYAMA, Ryota SHINOHARA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 745-750
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetermination of trace amounts of primary and secondary amines (methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, isopropylamine, butylamine, isobutylamine, s-butylamine, dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, and diisobutylamine) in water has been developed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The principle of this method is to determine the reaction products of amines with 1-fluoro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene (FDNB) water. To 200 ml of sample alkalized with 20 ml of 2.5 % sodium tetraborate (Na2B4O7·10H2O), 15 ml of FDNB solution (20 ml of FDNB in 250 ml of 1, 4-dioxane) was added, and the mixture was heated in a boiling water bath for 15 min. After cooling, the solution was transferred to a 300-ml separatory funnel. The solution was shaken for 15 min to hydrolyze the excess FDNB by adding 20 ml of 2 N NaOH. 2, 4-Dinitrophenylamine derivatives (2, 4-DNPA) were extracted with benzene (40 ml, 30 ml). The benzene extract was washed with 20 ml of 0.1 N NaOH, dehydrated with an anhydrous Na2SO4 column, and passed through an activated (5 g, Woelm Pharma, Basic aluminium oxide, Activity grade I) column(1.5 cm i. d.). Most of 2, 4-DNPA were eluted with 20 ml of ethyl acetate from the alumina column. The benzene and ethyl acetate eluted were combined and concentrated to 1 ml with a Kuderna-Danish evaporator under reduced pressure. Each 2, 4-DNPA was determined by a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer with a multiple ion detector, which enable to detect less than nanogram amounts. As an internal standard, [2H3]methylamine was used. FDNB reacted quantitatively with aliphatic amines except t-butylamine and diisopropylamine. Residual FDNB, 2, 4-dinitroaniline produced by FDNB and ammonia, and bis(2, 4-dinitrophenyl) ether produced by hydrolysis of FDNB could be removed from the benzene extract by alumina-column chromatography. By this method, aliphatic amines (methylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine, and diethylamine) in sewage can be determined in the range of (13) ppb.View full abstractDownload PDF (1011K) -
Koji SUZUKI, Hitoshi ISHIWADA, Tsuneo SHIRAI, Saburo YANAGISAWA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 751-754
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCoated-wire electrodes (CWEs) for anions (chloride, nitrite, nitrate, iodide, and perchlorate) were constructed by the use of epoxy resin as a material of electrode membrane. The CWEs consist of a copper wire and the polymer matrix membrane containing about 30 wt % of a liquid ion exchanger (60 wt % Aliquat 336 S in 1-decanol) which was coated on the whole surface of wire at (0.10.2) mm thickness. The sizes of the electrodes are apporoximately 1 mm o. d. of stick shape. The responses were Nernstian in the range of (5× 10-54 × 10-2) M anions for all constructed anion selective CWEs. The electrodes gave a rapid response time of a few second at the lower limit of the linear concentration range with the stability of ±2 mV. The CWEs have a long life (most of the electrodes are still functioning after 3 months' use) and can be stored in air (renewed calibration was required for some stored electrodes). The selectivity sequences of anions for the CWEs were apporoximately consistent with the Hofmeister's lyotropic anion series. The selectivity coefficients for each anion selective CWE on interfering anions were almost the same with those obtained by the liquid membrane electrodes having the same ion exchanger solution employed for the CWEs. Consequently, the polymer matrix membrane of the CWEs seems to be functioned according to the same mechanism as liquid membrane type electrodesView full abstractDownload PDF (911K) -
Tatsuo AKIYAMA, Koji KOMIYA, Yoichi OKABE, Takuo SUGANO, Eiji NIKI1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 754-756
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIon-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFET) were fabricated using a silicon-on-sapphire wafer. Since this ISFET was made on the insulator, the leakage current was greatly decreased. Also the manufacturing process was simplified and the mechanical strength of the device was increased by using the sapphire. The sensitivity to hydrogen ion of this sensor was the same as that of the ISFET made of usual Si wafer, and the electrode responded in the pH 210 range with a slope of about 52 mV decade-1.View full abstractDownload PDF (493K) -
Sachio MIYAIRI, Masayoshi KIKKAWA, Masato KODAKA1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages 756-759
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArginase (EC 3.5.3.1), urease (EC 3.5.1.5) and glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) were coimmobilized in ethanol-insolubilized fibroin membrane, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked gelatin membrane or gelatin membrane photocrosslinked with diazidostilbene derivatives. Urease was greatly inactivated by glutaraldehyde. Glutamate dehydrogenase was readily inactivated by any immobilization treatment. Activity yields of arginase and urease immobilized in fibroin membrane (0.1 mm thick at wet state) were 18 % and 46 %, showing better results than the other membranes. The immobilized enzymes were stable against repeated runs and storage. Thus, co-immobilized arginase and urease in the fibroin membrane and free glutamate dehydrogenase were used for L-arginine determination. In a six ml of reaction mixture, 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.8), 2 mM manganese chloride, 0.4 mM α-ketoglutarate, 0.4 mM NADH, 80 mg fibroin membrane entrapping 5.4 mg arginase (0.22 U) and 0.7 mg urease (0.79 U), 1 mg free glutamate dehydrogenase (5.58 U) dialized against distilled water for 1 h, and L-arginine were included. L-arginine concentration was varied to 100 μM, 50μM and 20 μM. Reaction was conducted by gentle stirring at 30 °C. Absorption change at 340 nm was the measure of NADH oxidation. Reference experiment was conducted without L-arginine. A plateau level of NADH consumption was attained within 4 h and the initial content of L-arginine was obtained with error below 6 %.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
Satori UTSUMI1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages S37-S46
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSKinetic methods based on the catalytic reaction have been reviewed for several anions. The methods are of extremely high sensitivity and selectivity, finding increasing application to trace analysis of materials of geochemical and environmental interest. The determination of iodine or nitrite is based on their catalytic effects on the color-fading of iron(III) thiocyanate complex in dilute nitric acid. The reaction allows the differential determination of iodide-iodine and iodate-iodine at trace level. Traces of bromide can be determined by its catalytic effect on the oxidation of iodine to iodate by permanganate in acid medium. The reaction(2NaN3+I2→2NaI+3N2) is catalytically promoted in the presence of sulfur compounds. This catalytic reaction leads to the development of sensitive methods for the determination of thiosulfate, thiocyanate and sulfide. Improved catalytic methods for cyanide and fluoride are also quoted.View full abstractDownload PDF (1199K) -
Henry FREISER1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages S47-S57
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSolvent extraction has long enjoyed a well-deserved position of prominence among anlytical chemists as a powerful separation technique applicable both to trace and macro levels of materials. Solvent extraction chemistry has developed in a most dramatic way in the last quarter of a century. Work in this area has not only provided the basis for a rich store of analytical methodology characterized by high sensitivity and selectivity, but has also illuminated many fundamental aspects of a wide variety of inorganic coordination complex reactions. Because of the great range of concentrations from "weightless" trace levels of carrier-free radioisotopes to the macro levels of several weight per cent of metal ions in which quantitative separations by solvent extraction is applicable, this technique is equally useful in both analytical and preparative, e.g. process scale, modes. The continuing vigor of this interesting field is attested by the continuing high publication rate of research reports from active groups throughout the world (about 1000 papers annually). It is not daring to predict that much innovative and fruitful research in both fundamental and applied research will be conducted in the next decade or two.
Despite the great variety of extraction systems it is possible to describe every extraction by a simple, three step scheme (Table 1).View full abstractDownload PDF (1241K) -
Yoshinori KIDANI1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages S59-S65
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMedicinal drugs have been determined by indirect atomic absorption spectrophotometry. There are a few medicinal drugs which contain metals and almost all drugs do not possess any metals. Some of them provide either metal chelating groups or metal complexing groups, and various attempts have been made. For the MIBK extraction of Co anthranilate, the ternary complex formation with bathophenanthroline has been introduced. When they have no complexing groups, ion association complexes have been prepared. Chlorphenylamine maleate is extractable with MIBK in the presence of Zincon-Cu chelate. Decomposition reactions, and redox reactions have also been employed effectively in the indirect atomic absorption spectrophotometry.View full abstractDownload PDF (817K) -
Erno Lindner, Klara Tóth, Erno Pungor1981 Volume 30 Issue 11 Pages S67-S92
Published: November 05, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: June 19, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2567K)
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