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Volume 37, Issue 8
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Takasi AMITA, Kazumasa IWAMOTO, Mitunojo ICHISE, Tugio KOJIMA1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 389-394
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present investigation is concerned with the efficient use of the qualitative information contained in UV spectra for the streaming analysis. Two hundred fifty six serial readouts from the linear diode array were transformed by fast Hadamard transformation (0.056 s) and the 256 resultant terms were compressed by discarding their higher sequency terms. To find the compression ratio[=(256 minus numbers of discarded terms)/256] characteristic of UV spectra, the library of spectra of all 228 monocyclic aromatic compounds from UV ATLAS were constructed and searched with the normalized terms of a sample comperessed with various compression ratio. It was found that the use of the first 2040 terms out of 256 trnsformed terms, with compression ratio of 0.080.16, gave good cognition rate. Real time simultaneous determinations of the multicomponent solution in streaming analysis were satisfactorily carried out by calculating inner-product (0.076s by LSI-11 microcomputer) of compressed unnormalized data obtained from the mixed solution and cognition vector of each component predetermined by using a set of solutions, of known compositions.View full abstractDownload PDF (1037K) -
Hiroki TAMURA, Noriaki KATAYAMA, Ryusaburo FURUICHI1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 395-399
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adsorption isotherm for Zn2+ ions on MnO2, was analysed by considering the formation of Zn2+-MnO2 surface complexes, and the stability constants of the surface complexes were determined. The surface of MnO2, in water is covered with acid and base hydroxyl groups. The acid group, ≡Mn0H(a), was assumed to be the site of the complexation, and the reactions were expressed by
Zn2++NO3-+≡Mn0H (a)_??_≡MnOZn+·NO3-+H+…(1)
Zn2++2≡Mn0H(a)_??_(≡MnO)2Zn+2H+…(2)
The stability constants of the formed (1 : 1) and (1 : 2) surface complexes, K1and β2, , were derived as
K1=[≡MnOZn+·NO3-][H+]/[Zn2+][NO3-][≡MnOH(a)]×exp(B1[≡MnOZn+·NO3-])…(3)
β2=[≡(MnO)2Zn][H+]2/[Zn2+][≡MnOH(a)]2exp(B2[(≡MnO)2, Zn])…(4)
where the exponential terms contain the concentration of the surface complexes (mol m-2) and constants B1 and B2 (m2 mol-1); the exponential terms express the retardation of further complexation by the complexes already formed. The equations (3) and (4) together with the mass balance equation for the adsorption site were fitted to the adsorption isotherm, and the values of the constants were determined by the nonlinear least squares method. The values are : K1 =1.22×10-4m3 mol-1, β2=6.86×10 m-1, B1=1.51×106 m2 mol-1, and B2=28.8×106 m2 mol-1 at [NaNO3]=0.1 mol dm-3 and 25 °C. The fit between the constants and the isotherm was excellent.View full abstractDownload PDF (1026K) -
Kunio NAGASHIMA, Katsushi MEGURO, Shigetaka SUZUKI, Toshiyuki HOBO1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 400-404
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new galvanic sensor for monitoring nitrogen dioxide was developed by using a rubidium silver iodide solid electrolyte. The sensor, which is - expressed as Au/ RbAg4I5/Ag, is a small disk easily made by a die and press. Silver powder and rubidium silver iodide powder are placed in layers in the die and 5.5 t cm-2 of pressure is applied. The working electrode was made by sputtering of gold in argon. The diameter of the disk is 13 mm. The thickness of the sputtered gold, rubidium silver iodide and silver are 25 nm, 0.3 mm and 1 mm, respectively. When the sample gas containing nirtogen dioxide impinges at 20 ml min-1 on the gold cathode, the current flowing in the external circuit is linearly related to the concentration of nitrogen dioxide up to about 1 ppm from 2 ppb. The relative standard deviation of response in the range 10 ppb1 ppm was 3%. The detection limit of nitrogen dioxide was about 2 ppb. The current efficiency of the cell was 18.7%. The cell's response time was about 5 min for 10 ppb and 17 min for 40 ppb nitrogen dioxide. When nitrogen dioxide (50 ppb NO2/N2) impinged on the sensor for about 4 h a day, the response decayed to about 10% of its original value after 6 d of exposure. Ozone and iodine vapor were found to show the cell response twice as high as nitrogen dioxide. The response for 100% oxygen was equivalent to that for 10 ppb nitrogen dioxide.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Kikushi WADA, Tetsumi MATSUSHITA, Satoshi HIZUME, Kazuhiro KOJIMA1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 405-410
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCombination of coprecipitation-flotation and solvent sublation techniques has been discussed for determination of the trace metals in natural waters. Indium and ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) were employed as coprecipitants to precipitate metals. To 1 1 of water sample spiked with 10μgCd, 10μgCu, 10 μgNi and 100μgPb, add 4 mg of In (4 ml of 1000 mg/l aq. solution) and 4 ml of 1% APDC aq. solution. After stirring for 5 min in a beaker, pour the solution into a flotation cell and add 10 ml diisobutylketone. The precipitate is floated with the aid of small nitrogen bubbles (N2 flow rate : 2 l/min). Within 12 min flotation, the amorphous precipitate dissolves into the solvent layer. Separate solvent layer after 5 min flotation, analyse metals with ICP-AES. The recoveries of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in unpolluted water were between 90% and 105%. The recoveries of these metals in polluted water and seawater were between 48% and 130%.View full abstractDownload PDF (871K) -
Shunichi UCHIYAMA, Yoshinobu TOFUKU, Shuichi SUZUKI1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 411-415
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new analytical method for amygdaline using almond meal tissue as an inexpensive catalytic reagent in place of purified β-D-glucosidase has been developed. The cyanide ion produced by the hydrolysis of amygdaline was measured by a cyanide ion selective electrode. Calibration curve of amygdaline showed a linear line over the range 1×10-5 M1×10-3 M when 50 mg almond meal was used and relative standard deviations were 3.54.0%. Almond meal has been immobilized to carbon fiber cloth (1 cm diameter, 0.2 mm thickness) and the immobilized almond carbon cloth was attached on the surface of cyanide ion selective electrode membrane to make a novel amygdaline sensor. The calibration curve of amygdaline obtained by amygdaline sensor (40 d immobilization) was linear over the range 3×10-51×10-3 M with a slope of 57 mV/decade. The optimum pH for the determination of amygdaline was found to be 6.2, and the detection limit was 1×10-5 M. The lifetime of the enzyme activity of this sensor was at least two weeks and it was found that the immobilized almond meal sensor was very stable compared with the immobilized purified enzyme electrode using polyacrylamide gel as a support for enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (689K) -
Kazuo HIIRO, Takashi TANAKA, Akinori KAWAHARA, Shin-ichi WAKIDA, Masat ...1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 416-420
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of developing an ion selective electrode for the measurement of chloride ion in blood, chloride ion selective liquid ion exchanger was trapped in polyurethane membrane to prepare a chloride ion selective electrode. The electrode showed linear response to chloride ion activity between 100M and 10-4 M and the average potential changes against decade change of chloride ion activity were 61.3, 59.0, 56.6 and 53.9 mV at 35, 25, 15 and 5 °C, respectively. The optimum amount of the ion exchanger, tridodecylmethylammonium chloride, was found to be about 40% in the membrane. The electrode exhibited steady potential within several seconds after its immersion in the chloride solution. The electrode showed constant potential in the pH range of 4.0 to 7.5. Selectivity coefficients of the electrode for various anions were determined with the mixed solution method and the continuous variation method proposed by Hiiro et al. The durability of the electrode was examined with 10010-6 M aqueous chloride solutions. The electrode exhibited constant response for at least 260 h.View full abstractDownload PDF (664K) -
Yoshitake YAMAMOTO, Masahiro UMEDA, Kiyotoshi MORISHIGE, Yasuharu NISH ...1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 421-425
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fluorescence properties of thionine and Methylene Blue were studied. Fluorescence of thionine was proved to be due to a hyperconjugated charged quinoid structure of thiazine ring. The fluorescence quantum yield of thionine is larger than that of Methylene Blue. These findings were applied to the quatitative analysis of sulfide ion. Aqueous sulfide ion reacts p-phenylenediamine in the presence of Fe(III) to form fluorescent thionine. The fluorescence of the product is measured sensitively and reliably, and it's concentration is determined in the range of (0.210)×10-7 mol dm-3 in acidic solution (pH 0.5).View full abstractDownload PDF (778K) -
Tadao OKUTANI, Nobumasa ARAI1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 426-429
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCadmium reacts with 2, 4, 6-tri-2-pyridyl-1, 3, 5-triazine (TPTZ) in the presence of iodide ion and forms a complex, which is extracted into nitrobenzene. Cadmium in the nitrobenzene is determined by AAS. The recommended procedure is as follows: To 500 cm3 of sample solution containing less than 1.5 μg of Cd, 5.0 cm3 of 10-2 mol dm-3 TPTZ and 5.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 KI are added. The ternary complex composed of Cd, TPTZ and iodide ion can be quantitatively extracted into nitrobenzene at pH 2.03.0 and Cd in the organic phase can be determined by flame AAS. The calibration curve was linear for 0.031.5μg of Cd to be extracted in 5.0 cm3 of nitrobenzene. The extracted complex had a composition of Cd:TPTZ:I=1:1:2. The limit of detection was 0.06 ppb. The relative standard deviation was 0.8% determined from 10 repeated measurements of 1.0 μg Cd. Diverse ions such as Hg(II), Pb(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II) present as much as 500 times of Cd(II) and large amounts of Fe(III), Al(III), Mg(II) did not interfere with the determination. This method was applied to the determination of trace Cd in river water with satisfactory results.View full abstractDownload PDF (646K) -
Kenji KATO, Wang LINZHEN, Hiroshi TOMITA, Kunitaka SATO1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 430-434
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAtmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (API-MS) was employed to determine residual oxygen in high purity nitrogen. Optimal discharge current for ionization was 0.5μA and optimal drift voltage in the intermediate pressure region was 15 V in terms of high sensitivity to oxygen and of the least susceptibility to coexistent water in nitrogen. Oxygen background in the flow line used for standard addition method was reduced to about 1.8 ppb by minimizing the leak and the dead volume in the flow line. Coexistent water interfered with the oxygen measuement. The intensity of peak at m/z 32 was varied depending on water concentration which lowered the stability of the peak intensity. Therefore, water was removed by a molecular sieve trap. Analytical values of oxygen by standard addition method in a nitrogen cylinder were 3 to 5 ppb. Analytical values of oxygen in nitrogen sample taken with a needle valve and a reducing valve showed no apparent difference. Direct injection of sample into the ionizer and microcomputer-aided integration of spectra have made it possible to realize oxygen determination with low background and very high sensitivity. Oxygen in nitrogen after purification by a column (Kinnkireinetsu, FP-U) was determined to be about 0.1 ppb with S/N ratio of more than 10.View full abstractDownload PDF (762K) -
Masaaki MOURI, Sadao MORI1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 435-438
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUV absorption spectra and the 4th-order derivative spectra of polystyrene were measured under various spectrophotometric conditions. The validity of the application of the 4th-order derivative method to UV measurement was recognized. When the Nth-order derivative spectrum was measured, smoothing was repeated (N+1) times before derivatization. The smoothing process could remove the noises caused by the derivative treatment. Therefore, the derivative method could be applied to the absorption spectra with low signal-to-noise ratios. The peak maxima of the 4th-order spectra were the same as those of the absorption spectra. Though the peak maximum of the absorption spectra obtained under low resolution conditions or at low concentrations became indistince, those of the 4th-order derivative spectra were clearly seen.View full abstractDownload PDF (523K) -
Tsugikatsu ODASHIMA, Yasutoshi KAWATE, Hajime ISHII1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages 439-444
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: June 30, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensitive, selective and convenient method for the simultaneous determination of small amounts of Co(II) and Ni(II) has been developed, based on the extraction of their N, N'-(1, 3-dimethylpropanedilidene)-di-(2'-hydroxy) aniline (DPDHA) complexes into propylene carbonate in the presence of both pyridine and perchlorate followed by differential-pulse polarography. Co(II) and Ni(II) react with DPDHA to form ternary complexes in the presence of pyridine, in which the Co(II) complex is readily oxidized to the Co(III) complex by dissolved oxygen. In the presence of perchlorate, both Co(III) and Ni(II) complexes are quantitatively extracted into propylene carbonate over the pH range from 7.8 to 8.4, in which the former complex is extracted as the ion-association complex. The extract, to which was added 0.5 M tetrabutylammopium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte exhibited two well-defined peaks at -0.44 and -1.20 V vs. SCE in its differential-pulse polarogram recorded under optimum conditions. The former peak corresponds to the reduction of the Co(III) complex and the latter one that of the Ni(II) complex. The peak currents were proportional respectively to the concentrations of Co(II) and Ni(II) in the aqueous phase. Only Cu(II) interfered with Co determination, but this interference was readily removed by extracting Cu(II) with 5-methyl-2-thiophenecarbaldehyde 2-benzothiazolylhydra zone prior to the determination. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of Co(II) and Ni(II) in synthetic samples.View full abstractDownload PDF (814K) -
Shohgo SUZUKI, Shoji HIRAI1988 Volume 37 Issue 8 Pages T83-T86
Published: August 05, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 16, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Human Hair (NIES No. 5) as an environmental reference material prepared by the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan (NIES) was analyzed by an instrumental neutron activation method. The human hair samples (ca. 200500 mg) were irradiated for 2 min or 5 h at Musashi Institute of Techology Research Reactor. The activated samples were measured by four gamma-ray spectrometories, namely a spectrometry using a coaxial Ge detector, anticoincidence and coincidence counting spectrometries using a coaxial Ge detector, and a well-type NaI (TI) detector, and a low energy photon spectrometry (LEPS) using a planer Ge detector, to determine as many trace elements as possible with high sensitivity. Concentrations of 43 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Hf, Ta, Au, Hg, Th, U) were determined by these measurements. The analyzed values of many elements except Sr were in good agreement with NIES certified values determined by nine different analytical methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (630K)
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